# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The short story "Recitatif", by Tony Morrison, gives us the story of two young girls of separate races as they grow up in a state home for children. The story eventually progresses into their teenage and adult lives and their several encounters.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Published:

Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. You can view samples of our professional work here.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.

1st reason: The first scenario that this is apparent in is when the two girls have lunch with their mothers. Each mother is supposed to bring food to the orphanage to have lunch with their daughters, but Twyla's mother Mary, "didn't bring anything. So we picked fur and cellophane grass off the mashed Jelly beans and ate them" (Morrison). Roberta's mother on the other hand, brought a whole feast of "chicken legs, and ham sandwiches, and oranges, and a whole box of chocolate-covered grahams. Roberta drank milk from a thermos..." (Morrison). This economic divide between the mothers of Twyla and Roberta tempts the reader to assume that Roberta must be the white one of the two since her mother can afford to bring food while Twyla and her mother are left eating dirty jelly beans.ââ‚¬ http://voices.yahoo.com/how-we-come-conclusions-2671278.html

2nd reason: In another scene later on in the lives of Twyla and Roberta, they meet at Twyla's diner where she works as a waitress. Waitresses can usually be classified as a lower class job and although there are waitresses of both white and black races, in this case, Twyla is the one working as a waitress while Roberta is on a road trip with two men, "...on our way to the Coast. He's got an appointment with Hendrix" (Morrison). Considering the popularity of Jimi Hendrix, the reader may assume that Roberta must belong to at least a high-middle class to be able to afford travelling to a one of Hendrix's concerts. The economic divide between the two women also shows after they have settled down with a family. http://voices.yahoo.com/how-we-come-conclusions-2671278.html

3rd reason: Twyla is married to a low class family by the way she describes them, "Half of the population of Newburgh is on welfare now, but to my husband's family it was still some upstate paradise..." (Morrison). Roberta on the other hand, is living a luxurious life and there are many signs that show it, such as the way she dresses, "Diamonds on her hand, a smart white summer dress" (Morrison), the way she shops for "fancy water" (Morrison) over regular water, her access to two servants and a "dark blue limousine" (Morrison) and how she was fortunate enough to marry a man who lived in Annandale, "a neighborhood full of doctors and IBM executives" (Morrison). The enormous class and economic divides between Roberta and Twyla are leading factors in the reader's decision concerning Roberta and Twyla's race. http://voices.yahoo.com/how-we-come-conclusions-2671278.html

4th reason: Another important factor of racial classification is the attitude of Roberta and Twyla towards each other and racial issues. The way Roberta's mother acts when first meeting Twyla's mother shows that she regards Twyla and her mother as inferior, as Twyla's mother gestures for a handshake, "Roberta's mother looked down at me and then looked down at Mary too. She didn't say anything, just grabbed Roberta with her bible-free hand and stepped out of line, walking quickly to the rear of it" (Morrison).

5th reason: The reactions of Twyla and Roberta to the desegregation of public schools can also be an indicator of their races. Historically, African Americans were the ones to push for desegregation while white people were the ones to oppose it. Twyla seems to be positive about the desegregation, "Joseph was on the list of kids to be transferred from the junior high school to another one at some far-out-of-the-way place and I thought it was a good thing until I heard it was a bad thing" (Morrison). Roberta on the other hand, is actively protesting against the desegregation movement

6th reason: While there are many subtle signs of Maggie's race, the only important part of her race is that Roberta thinks that Maggie is black and Twyla thinks the exact opposite, "What was she saying? Black? Maggie wasn't black" (Morrison). Maggie's race being the opposite of Twyla and Roberta's races, assuming that the reader concludes that Twyla is black and Roberta is white, is important because the girls seem as if they would not have kicked Maggie if she were of the same race. Roberta admits to kicking Maggie, "'...and you kicked her. We both did. You kicked a black lady who couldn't even scream" (Morrison) and Twyla only disagrees that Maggie is not black, saying nothing about the act of kicking her. This prompts the reader to believe that Twyla is morally fine about kicking a white person, but not a black person, and that Roberta is morally fine with kicking a black person, but not a white person. Maggie is thus another sign that Twyla is black and Roberta is white.

Conclution: By skillfully using ambiguous signs in the beginning to make her reader want to fill in the void of the races of Twyla and Roberta, Morrison makes her readers very susceptible to her stronger signs of wealth and class stereotypes, and racial attitude stereotypes to make her reader decide on the race of Twyla and Roberta. She does this without using any detail that can give away the race of Twyla and Roberta. After having her readers conclude the race of Twyla and Roberta, Morrison allows her readers to rethink their racial conclusions by using Maggie to destroy the racial constructs that they have developed from racial stereotypes and signs. In the final words of Recitatif, "Oh shit, Twyla. Shit, shit, shit. What the hell happened to Maggie" (Morrison), Morrison collapses the racial constructs that the reader has built throughout the story. I realize after treading that quote that I unconsciously came to the conclusion that Twyla is black and Roberta is white without ever having read a solid clue as to what their races are. I can come to this subconscious decision by basing my racial conclusion purely on societal stereotypes such that white people will generally be wealthier than black people and have a certain views about racial issues that differ from black people. Recitatif does an incredible job at making its readers realize that a lot of their racial constructs are based solely on racial stereotypes and signs

To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Roberta Is White And Twyla Is Black English Literature Essay

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Published: Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. You can view samples of our professional work here. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Tony Morrison's "Recitatif" is a short story about two young girls, Twyla and Roberta, and their interactions throughout their entire lives. We know one of the girls is black and one of them is white but Morrison never tells us exactly which one is which so we are never entirely sure. All we know is that the girls are of different class structures. The girls never display any clear stereotypical characteristics of each race but have characteristics that could be each race. Morrison does at great job at removing the racial codes from this story, leaving the reader to guess what the race of each girl is.

I found that at the end of the story I did not know of what race Twyla and Roberta were. I had no idea throughout any of the book. I couldn't give an exact race to either one because there just wasn't enough evidence in the story for me to do that. There was one section that made me think Twyla was black, and it was on page 1228 in our anthologies. It read:

"Mary, simple-minded as ever, grinned and tried to yank her hand out of the pocket with the tragedy lining- to shake hands, I guess. Roberta's mother looked down at me and then looked down at Mary too. She didn't say anything, just grabbed Roberta with her Bible-free hand and stepped out of line, walking quickly to the rear of it" (1228).

This section made me think that Twyla and her mother were black, because Roberta's mother wouldn't shake Mary's hand at all and back in the 50s when this took place, it was stereotypical of a white person to not want to touch or associate with a black person. But then I started to think that if Roberta's mother was an upperclass black woman and saw Twyla's mother as a lower class white hussy, she may still not want to shake her hand. Morrison does this throughout the entire story, where you think that one girl could be one race but you are never exactly sure.

I think Morrison does this to prove a point that we are all equal. In the story we know one girl is white and one is black but we are never sure which one is which because Morrison never comes out and says it. By removing the racial code from the story, it helps to prove that we are all equal and that you can't judge a person based on their race. Also by removing stereotypes and putting the girls in similar life situations Morrison continues to prove a point that we are equal and anyone could be any race.

This book was enlightening and really made me think. A lot of Toni Morrison's writing does that for me. Down below is a link to a YouTube video where she talks about her motivation for writing.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8Zgu2hrs2k

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Recitatif"-Ignoring Black and White Stereotypes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Tony Morrison's "Recitatif" is a short story about two young girls, Twyla and Roberta, and their interactions throughout their entire lives. We know one of the girls is black and one of them is white but Morrison never tells us exactly which one is which so we are never entirely sure.