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Open-ended questions:

Engage the patient in a manner that encourages detailed responses.

Affirmation:

Demonstrate understanding and empathy towards the patient's concerns

and queries.

Reflection:

Mirror the patient's statements to show comprehension and validate their feelings.

Negotiation:

Collaboratively explore options and preferences regarding their care

Summarising:

Collaborative to make a individual integrated care plan

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Scenario 1

Seamus, a 60-year-old farmer living in rural Ireland, grapples with the burdens of poverty, limited education, and social isolation as he confronts a diagnosis of high blood pressure. Born into a family of farmers, Seamus inherited his family's small plot of land but lacked the opportunity for formal education beyond primary school due to financial constraints and the demands of farm work.

Isolated from urban centers and lacking access to educational resources, Seamus's knowledge of health and wellness remained limited. Unaware of the risk factors for hypertension and the importance of lifestyle modifications, he continued to lead a sedentary lifestyle characterized by long hours of physical labor on the farm and a diet high in salt and processed foods.

As Seamus entered his later years, the cumulative effects of stress, poor diet, and lack of physical activity began to take their toll on his health. Experiencing symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and fatigue, Seamus sought medical attention from the local clinic, where he received a diagnosis of high blood pressure.

Additionally, Seamus's social isolation exacerbates his health challenges. Living alone on his farm without the support of family or neighbors, he lacks the social connections and emotional support networks necessary for maintaining mental and physical well-being. The stress and loneliness of his isolated lifestyle further contribute to his hypertension and overall health decline.

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Scenario 2

Caoimhe, a 50-year-old Irish Traveler, faces a daunting battle with asthma amidst the backdrop of her close-knit community. Born into a culture steeped in tradition and familial bonds, Caoimhe's journey with asthma is influenced by the unique challenges and dynamics of Traveler life.

Despite the strong sense of camaraderie within her community, Caoimhe encounters obstacles in accessing adequate healthcare services and asthma management resources. Language barriers, mistrust of mainstream institutions, and limited awareness of respiratory conditions hinder her ability to seek timely medical assistance and education on asthma prevention and treatment.

Growing up in Traveler camps characterized by cramped living conditions and exposure to environmental triggers like dust and mold, Caoimhe experiences frequent asthma exacerbations. Despite her efforts to mitigate triggers, the pervasive presence of environmental allergens complicates her asthma management, leading to persistent symptoms and frequent visits to local clinics for relief.

Initially dismissing her symptoms as minor inconveniences, Caoimhe's respiratory struggles intensify, prompting her to seek medical attention. At the clinic, she receives a diagnosis of asthma

Navigating asthma care within her cultural context presents additional challenges for Caoimhe. Adhering to treatment regimens amidst the demands of Traveler life, while navigating cultural beliefs and norms surrounding healthcare, requires careful consideration and support from healthcare providers who understand her unique circumstances.

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Scenario 3

Siobhan, a 45-year-old Irish woman, has weathered a lifetime of challenges shaped by experiences of domestic violence and the complexities of Ireland's foster care system. Born into a tumultuous household marked by abuse and instability, Siobhan endured years of trauma before being placed in foster care during her adolescence.

Separated from her biological family, Siobhan's transition into foster care brought a mixture of relief and uncertainty. While escaping the cycle of violence provided a sense of safety, navigating the intricacies of the foster care system as a vulnerable teenager proved daunting, leaving her with unresolved emotional scars and a fractured sense of identity.

Despite the upheaval in her personal life, Siobhan remained determined to forge her own path and create a better future for herself. However, the instability of her living situations and the lack of consistent support systems within the foster care system hindered her academic progress, preventing her from completing her Leaving Certificate

As Siobhan entered adulthood, the weight of her past experiences and the challenges of managing her health became increasingly burdensome. Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Living with diabetes presented its own set of challenges for Siobhan as she navigated the complexities of managing her health while grappling with the trauma of her past. Amidst the upheaval of foster care transitions and the absence of consistent support networks, Siobhan struggled to prioritize her health and adhere to a healthy lifestyle regimen, exacerbating her diabetes-related complications.

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Senario 4

Aisha, a 55-year-old asylum seeker from a war-torn country, finds herself in Ireland seeking refuge from conflict and persecution. Arriving with little more than the clothes on her back, she struggles to access basic necessities, let alone adequate healthcare, in her new host country.

Having endured trauma and stress during her journey to safety, Aisha begins experiencing symptoms of heart failure, including shortness of breath and fatigue. However, as an asylum seeker with limited resources and uncertain legal status, she hesitates to seek medical attention, fearing the consequences of her precarious situation.

Despite her reservations, Aisha's symptoms worsen, impacting her ability to carry out daily activities and care for herself. With no access to healthcare coverage and language barriers hindering her communication with healthcare providers, Aisha's heart failure goes untreated, leading to further complications and declining health.

As Aisha navigates the asylum process, she faces numerous challenges, including inadequate housing, financial instability, and isolation from her community.

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Scenario 3

Open-ended Question:

Nurse- Hi Siobhan, I can see you had a recent diagnosis of t2dm, how are you feeling with this diagnosis

Client- Due to my social background i am finding it difficult to manage my new diagnosis

Nurse- Can you tell me a little bit more about this and share your past experiences

Client- From coming from an unstable background and spending a lot of time in foster care, i had a lack of consistency which hindered my progress in education

Affirmation:

Nurse- You've been through so much and it shows that you are a strong person and a better future for yourself. Would you let to set up goals to work towards to help manage your diabetes

Client-Yes I would like that but I don't think I can manage that

Nurse- Have you engaged in any educational programmes for diabetes

Client-No but I would like to hear more about it

Reflection:

Nurse: It is brilliant that you are willing to engage in your diagnosis and to learn more about it and I will support you in achieving this

Negotiation:

Nurse- What small changes do you feel might be the easiest to start with

Client- I would like to start with my diet and eliminate processed foods

Nurse- That is brilliant and a great start, may I refer to the educational programme were you can learn more about a balanced diet for t2dm

Client- that would be great

Summarising:

Nurse: From what we discussed, this is a great start. We can link back in 3 months and repeat your Hba1c and check in how your healthy lifestyle adjustments are going.

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Scenario- 4

N-Hi Aisha, I am Nurse X, Are you happy to talk to me or would you like me to arrange an interpreter?

A-I am happy to talk to you, I can use my google translator app if we need.

N- can you tell me a bit about yourself and how and when you arrived in Ireland?

A-I am from Nigeria , i arrived to Ireland via the UK recently, I lived in the UK for 6 months.

N-Can you tell me about your medical History and how you have been feeling physically?( assessment using OLDCART)

A-Lists her past medical history, then describes her current symptoms related to her heart failure.

N- Can you tell me how your symptoms are impacting on your day to day life?

A-She is finding it difficult to attend to basic activities of daily living.

N-Is her housing situation impacting on her ability to look after herself and has she applied for any support? financial and medical?

A-No not yet

N-we can link you in with social inclusion team, which includes a social care worker and GP outreach clinic with a GP appointment. They will help apply for social welfare payments, medical card application and link you with de Paul to help you with the legal side of your asylum. Would you be happy for me to go ahead with this connection for this?

A- Yes I'm happy to go ahead with this. Am i entitled to this help, this area and set up is all new to me?

N-Yes you are entitled to this , we are here to support and guide in this change and new environment. You are welcome here in Ireland and we aim to provide a safe environment for you to live happily and safely.

A-Thank you for your help and reassurance.

N-Aisha with your permission we will refer you on to the social inclusion team and arrange a Category 1 GP appointment where you will be seen by a GP within 48 hrs. The social inclusion team will be in touch and the key worker will visit you onsite. We will leave our contact details if you have any issues. Have you any questions?

A-No that is all clear I will wait to get the doctor appointment time.