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Charlie is a 70-year-old male. He has always been health conscious and has followed a strict vegan diet for the past 20 years. His diet is adequate in calories and protein. He exercises 30 minutes daily. However, in recent months  he was diagnosed with gastritis and a stomach ulcer. Due to pain in his stomach, he has cut down on many of his favorite foods, especially acidic and spicy foods.

1. Is he at risk for any nutrient deficiencies? If so, which nutrients?

2. Are there any dietary or lifestyle modifications this person could make to decrease his risk of nutrient deficiency?

3. Would you recommend this person take a supplement? Why/Why not?

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Gaby is a 29-year-old healthy woman, who is trying to become pregnant. Her diet includes a wide variety of protein, vegetables and fruits. Though she eats enough carbohydrates, she generally chooses white rice, pasta and sweet potatoes.  She enjoys 1-2 glasses of wine several times per week.

1. Would you recommend this person take a supplement? Why/Why not?

2.  If you recommend a supplement which vitamin(s) or mineral(s) would you recommend given the information provided?

3. Are there any dietary modifications this person could make instead of taking a supplement?

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Julia is a 19-year-old college athlete on the volleyball team. She maintains a healthy weight and body composition for her age, height and activity level. She eats a variety of foods from all food groups on a regular basis, has no health issues or food allergies. Her energy level and athletic performance is consistent, and her weight is stable. Recently, some of her teammates have started taking vitamin supplements to promote overall wellness. She wonders if she needs vitamin supplements too.

1. Is Julia at risk for any nutrient deficiencies? If so, which nutrients?

2. Are there any dietary or lifestyle modifications this person could make to decrease his risk of nutrient deficiency?

3. Would you recommend this person take the vitamin supplements that her teammates are taking? Why/Why not?

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Vanessa is a 16-year-old sophomore in high school. She is on the cross-country team and plans to become a long-distance runner in college. She is so busy with school and running, she struggles to eat enough food throughout the day to meet her calorie needs. She feels exhausted. She doesn't eat meat, poultry or fish because she doesn’t like the textures or the flavor. She does eat eggs and dairy products.

1. What nutrient deficiencies is Vanessa at risk for?

2. Are there any dietary or lifestyle modifications this person could make to decrease his risk of nutrient deficiency?

3. Would you recommend this person take a supplement?
Why/Why not?

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Ben is a 1-year-year-old child, who was born at 8 pounds. At the 3-month mark, he weighed 11 pounds. But then at his 6 month and 9 month follow ups, he did not grown much at all. His parents are worried because he is so quiet and sleepy all the time. He hasn’t been accepting his formula bottle as he had been before.
1. What are some possible nutrient deficiencies that could cause Ben to be quiet and tired?
2. What about nutrient deficiencies that will stunt normal growth patterns in children between infancy and 12 months of age?