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The stock market crash was caused by individuals in the 1920s taking out mass loans to invest in stocks. Eventually, people got scared and started taking out their money, fast, resulting in the stock market crashing. This devastating crash lead to banks running out of money because of the amount of people who received loans from the bank without being able to pay them back.

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In the 1920s people start to take a lot of loans and invest in stocks. When peoples started to do that the market was at a constant rise which called the bull market. Eventually, amounts of debt and panic start to arose. People start to sell what they can, which led to the great depression. Even borrowing money they didn’t have before lead to debt. Basically, “buy the margin”. Chrystine Benton

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The stock market crash in 1929 was a major factors that contributed to the Great Depression. The crash was mainly caused by the overproduction of goods. The overproduction of goods caused more goods to be made than people to consume or buy it. This increase in productions and decrease of demand caused an over investment which influenced the crash. This caused many people to get laid off, businesses weren't selling as many goods, and most businesses closed.

~ Carissa

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Overproduction had a contribution the great the depression because factories and farmers were producing more good than people could afford. As a result this affected the farmers and factory workers as there pay was being affect by there items not being purchased. Leading to more issues in banks not being about to give people their money when citizens come to collect. This cause a very large portion of people to freak out and run to the banks, but the banks were unable to pay.

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Hoover, who was elected in the late 1920’s, hoped to continue the “Coolidge” way of presidency, doing little and saying nothing. Hoover was a believer of the Laissez-faire based economy, and let the people run economy. However, things took a turn for the worst when the stock market crashed in 1929, and the economy plummeted from there. Hoovervilles were made, filled with the poor. However, Hoover tried to help with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which gave loans to railroads and other companies. This failed, along with the  Emergency Relief and Construction Act, which attempted to give loans to states. In the end Hoover lost to FDR, who won in a landslide.

-Hayden

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Hoovers response to the depression. Hayden Miranda

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Hoovers response to the depression. Hayden Miranda

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Hoover approved lobes to states for $2 billion in 1932. Most of these went to banks to stop the effects of the depression or delay it.

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As the economy increased in the roaring twenties all people were gaining wealth through government policy and national tax cuts and money in turn became a commodity. With this increase in wealth people looked for ways to turn more money out of what they had and this was in the form of the stock market. However, the quick growth of the market and prospecting of stocks inflated the market and led to a scare that caused many people to sell what they had which caused a chain reaction through society which through the people, banks, and in turn the government into debt like never before.

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During the 1920s the stock market was in a constant rise called a bull market. People started to take out lots of loans and money to invest in the stocks, this l growth eventually leveled off and led to a crash. People started to get scared and started to pull out their money leading to a total crash of the banks and the stock market. From people borrowing money they didn’t have before the crash it led to bigger debts and a total economic collapse.

- max

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Bull Market - The market is stable and people invested, and it would have stocks rise and more money was put it. Eventually, if the drop in value was to happen, lots of money is lost people would panic and take what they can and sell, and the economic depression would occur. This is a massive gamble people took that led to ruin and the Great Depression. People would also do a practice known as "buying on margin" which worked alongside speculative money borrowing. This was where money was borrowee to be placed into stocks, and due to the eventual fall, there was great debt and even greater debt for those who borrowed money to "buy on the margin." Troy M Englade

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Because people were buying less, the unemployment rate increased sharply. As a result, there were more and more homeless individuals, and urban areas began to develop Hoovervilles or shantytowns. After witnessing banks fail and declare bankruptcy, this prompted people who were struggling financially to rush the banks and make large cash deposits, which caused the banks to fail.

-Logan marchetti

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Throughout Hoover’s presidency he had a laissez-faire system in the economy. Then once he intervened, it was too late. He had believed that the economy could improve itself, but that was not the case. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation would lend money to corporations, railroads and banks, but it didn’t help the citizens themselves. Then he implemented the Hawley-Smoot Tariff, which increased tariffs on foreign goods to help American businesses, but then other countries increased their tariffs on American goods. This would eventually have a negative effect on the economy.
- Sarah Van Adelberg

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Most presidents were big business for the money and they increased taxes and tariffs to support American goods, but this would cause the great depression due to the stock market being too expensive. Also l, the poor would do better than the wealthy because of tax cuts, but then when the trickle down policy was made the wealthy got wealthier. Which would be too much money used in the long run.

- Michael H

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The stock market had a great influence on the economic crash that caused the Great Depression. Many people would invest in the stock market, and often with money they borrowed and didn’t have, therefore causing them to go into intense debt when stock markets crashed and their money was lost. This is known as buying on the margin, also similar to the occurrence of Bull market, where many people invested as it was rising successfully, but when crashed, caused an economic depression due to all the money lost. A fall like this can result from speculation, where many people invest in a stock, causing a company’s bank credit to become higher than its true value and therefore disproportionate. With loss of stock value and individual money due to irresponsible investment, these occurrences in the stock market would lead to the Great Depression.

Arabel Wendt

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Due to increase in investments in companies they started to produce an over abundance of product; however, many people who could afford products already had them so there was more supplies than demanded for them. This caused many companies to lose millions of dollars and star to fire a lot of people. Due to many people buying by credit when they couldn’t pay back they were in severe debt.

Lily M

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The development of technology to be used in agriculture and industries became increasingly common, essentially rendering manual labor farmers useless and taking their jobs. This allowed businesses/farmers to produce more than prior. But Industry overproduction led to businesses becoming over saturated with too much product and not enough demand.  With businesses losing money, the crashing of the stock market, and a shortage of jobs, the start of the Great Depression is shown.

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The presidents around this time were very pro-business. They based their policies around the money “trickling down” or if money goes to the rich it will eventually end up to the hands of the poor. Because of this they ended up giving lots of things like tax cuts and limited regulation on businesses. This would cause overproduction of goods.
-Aiden Crisp

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Since the presidents were pro-business, it helped cause the depression since they didn’t notice the signs that stocks were becoming too expensive. The trickle down theory gave tax cuts to wealthy businesses in order to stimulate short term investments, but it caused many people to invest what they couldn’t pay back. There was also very little government intervention through lassiez faire which allowed some companies to rapidly expand and have a surplus on consumer products.

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Ajay Sastri - 6th
During 1920’s, the US experienced a bull market where stock prices were generally on the rise. This caused a lot of people and groups to engage in speculation, where they took risks in buying stocks that could either have high reward, or a big consequence. To do this, consumers bought on the margin, meaning they invested with borrowed money, creating large gaps in the money supply. Eventually, this speculative behavior combined with buying on the margin caused a crash in the stock market. Everybody rushed to the banks to withdraw their money until the banks themselves ran out of money to pay people back, in an event known as Black Tuesday.

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Unemployment: Unemployment rampaged across the US due to businesses bottoming out. With most businesses bankrupt there’s no jobs to be acquired which further leads to no money in circulation. 15 million workers in circulation.

Bank Runs: The run on banks started because word of economy crashing spread quick. Furthermore, people “ran” to the banks to retrieve their money. Only issue is banks don’t carry that much money on them. So everyone running to the banks to gather money caused complete chaos and disarray.

Hoovervilles- Societies made up of unemployed workers looking for jobs and fighting to survive.

Bonus Army-World War I veterans who were promised a pay check for their military duties. They weren’t given these checks due to the crashing economy and stormed into Washington D.C. They still did not get their money early.

Tyler Benjamin Hanks

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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was created by President Hoover during election season to help combat the worsening recession. It used two billion dollars to help banks, Credit Unions , and insurance companies. This did very little in the end as the money went to big business instead of the common man who lost their job. The Reconstruction Finance Corporations job was to help give money to business so they could hire people install a recession. It failed due to laissez-faire (very little corporate overwatch) and the money did not go to the people (trickle down economics).
-Colin

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After the crash many Americans became unemployed resulting in poverty (about 15 million) this is because many companies lost investors and consumers as a result many people had to compete for a rough job market with little pay. The people were left without money and many went homeless living in Hoovervilles named after the president as many blamed him for the problems because this happened after world war 1, vets were cheated out of receiving bonuses until years later. One of contributors for the depression were "Bank Runs" when things started to look bad for the economy many withdrew their money out of fear resulting in banks not being able to loan people money causing them to fail. -Krystal

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Factories began to produce more goods than there was demand for, just because they had the money to. As the demand became lower, prices became lower as well, and companies were losing money. However, because of over investment, products ended up being unsold which eventually led to the Stock Market Crash of 1929, directly contributing to the Great Depression.

-Kathryn Heisey

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Dumb bozos wanting to get rich quick, so they though it was a good idea to borrow money out the bank and put it all into stocks. This was a catastrophic decision because this caused the stick market to crash since none of these bozos can pay their loans back.

Elijah Cannon

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Unemployment skyrocketed after the war ended because they didn’t have to produce so much materials cause they weren’t spending as much as they were using the industrial companies let off around 15 million people.With everyone losing their jobs they went to banks and withdrew all their money this was called bank runs this caused banks to fail.Everyone losing their jobs and banks failing caused there to be no money circulating this caused the Great Depression.
-James cowan

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During this period prices of stocks were rapidly increasing, which brought in lots of sales and money. But the problem with this is that the market could only succeed by people continuing to add more and more money, which led to its crash. Americans saw the stocks decreasing and began selling their shares putting the company at high risk. Speculation was another great risk for these stock companies because it meant people were investing into these stocks but quickly selling them to make personal profit.
- Amelia😁

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Republic presidents policies. Jacob Cummings

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Republic presidents policies. Jacob Cummings

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The overall approach towards government policy making was on of absence. The government at the time was exceedingly pro-business, and had next to no regulations for business allowing them to operate however they wished. This was done under the idea of trickle down economics, or the concept that money given to the wealthy would eventually trickle down to the poor. Due to this idea, the government also gave the rich many tax cuts.

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Hoovers delayed response to manage the destruction of the Great Depression was due largely to his vision for a capitalist lassiez faire economy, free of the limitations of the government. Once it was all to obvious action was necessary, he formed the reconstruction finance corporation, responsible with the loaning money and developing of struggling businesses. Other action, like trade tariffs, only furthered the issue, making commerce more expensive and less desirable for foreign nations.
-Emit Rice

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Due to how well the US economy was doing after World War 1, in the 1920s.

Tax cuts were instituted by republican US presidents in the anticipation that the money will eventually reach the poor and help them increase their wealth. But, it didn't turn out how they had hoped, and it ultimately backfired in the shape of the Great Depression. Big corporate regulation was abandoned by the presidents, and it was obvious.

Anika

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when the stock market crashed many people ended up being in debt because they couldn’t pay back the credit due to many losing their jobs. When the great war came to an end the demand for these goods, both agricultural and mechanical, declined sharply resulting in a slowly stagnating economy. Mechanized Agriculture hurt farmers by having a huge supply causes the prices to go down
-michelle

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Mechanized agriculture is becoming more and more common as technology develops and permeates every aspect of human life.

Yet, this was bad news for farmers because it suggested that agriculture might become mechanized and that manual work might be rendered obsolete and ineffective in comparison to machines.

Tractors, new irrigation technologies, and other engineered items to "assist" in agricultural development were among the machinery in this group.

The farming community became frustrated as a result, and many were compelled to shut down their operations and look for alternative means of providing for their family.

This contributed to the Great Depression by increasing the number of people without jobs.

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Stock Market:                                   In the 1920s, there was a prolonged bull market in which the prices of stocks were rising so more people were investing; when the market starting declining, people started panicing and selling their shares, contributing to the crash. During this bull market, many buyers also engaged in speculation in which they would invest in risky stocks, and led to falsely high stock prices. People would also buy on margin, in which they would invest with borrowed money, which meant they couldn't pay back their loans, contributing to the crash.

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Stock Market:                                   In the 1920s, there was a prolonged bull market in which the prices of stocks were rising so more people were investing; when the market starting declining, people started panicing and selling their shares, contributing to the crash. During this bull market, many buyers also engaged in speculation in which they would invest in risky stocks, and led to falsely high stock prices. People would also buy on margin, in which they would invest with borrowed money, which meant they couldn't pay back their loans, contributing to the crash.

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Ryan Croley

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With the stock market crash, millions of Americans lost their jobs. Farmers lost their land and had to migrate elsewhere. Many people feared banks failure and withdrew large amounts of money. The bank could not catch up with high demands and failed. Most people collaborated and formed towns called hoovervilles full of unemployed people who were evicted. Veterans we're outraged wanting compensation for war service. Protests forced Congress to appropriate money - Angel M

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The stock market played a large role in the great depression. The first reason being the dynamic of the stock market, in early America it was a bulk market where many of Americans are investing large amounts of money in the stock market so when stocks fall many people lose money. The second reason being risky investing, people would rather invest in the market more based on the credibility of the bank being used it invest rather than the actual value of the stock.

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At first hoover didn’t do much about it, hoping the economy was going to fix its self. When the depression got more extreme hoover tried to support business, to allow for more job positions. He also tried creating tariffs for other countries to buy from america, but it failed.

Mason Golino P.4

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1920s Republican Presidentials’ Policies 

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1920s Republican Presidentials’ Policies 

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The trickle down affected the great depression because it was a simple belief that money would not.

Tax cuts hurt the government and put them in federal debt.

The limited govt regulation helped lower the amount of power that the govt had and made it fair

-Zay

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Buisness overproducing products led to them basically giving products away, which gave them a loss in profits. Many people were also taking loans out of the banks. It actually got to the point where people were taking out more loans and money then the banks could give back to them. With buisness losing tons of money and the banks not being able to pay the people back, the stock market and economy CRASHED, which starts the Great Depression

Jamari Bell

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The trickle down effect was a theory that suggests that money from the rich would trickle down to the needy.  During this time the presidents policies were pro-business letting bigger business take over the economy.  Laissez fair and trickle down economics decreased government regulation and wartime control. This allowed companies to rapidly expand and a massive surplus of consumer products.
- Braedan Lambe

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The Unemployment rate skyrocketed due to consumers buying less. This led to more and more homeless people and shantytowns or Hoovervilles started to be formed in urban areas. This led to people who were doing bad financially after watching banks fail and go bankrupt to rush the banks and take out lots of cash deposits, which caused the banks to go bankrupt.
- Jackson F

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The Great Depression was brought on by the laissez-faire policies and tax cuts of the Republican presidents of the 1920s. The laissez faire philosophy contributed to the Great Depression because the government stopped regulating the economy under the mistaken assumption that people could do so on their own. However, big business and wealthy individuals manipulated the economy solely for their own benefit, leaving the lower classes to suffer. The government lowered taxes and even gave large tax breaks to wealthy people and large businesses, which eventually resulted in federal debt. This is another reason why Republican presidents brought about the Great Depression.

Harrison Green

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During this time period there were many new technologies to increase productions. Business would then try to put out as much products as they can for sale. This caused the market to tank because there were large amounts of products but little need for it. The Great Depression happened because people wouldn’t buy or couldn’t afford products and farmers weren’t making money for the products they were producing therefore, they can’t pay their loans.

Riley Sachs

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Due to over production and under consumption businesses laid off unneeded workers to save money. This led to mass unemployment. Many of these unemployed people moved into “hoovervilles”, small groups outside of major cities made up of unemployed people who blamed president hoover (hence hooverville). In addition people panicked and took their money out of the banks, causing the banks to not be able to properly function furthering the crisis.

-Matthew Oglesby

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When it came to the early signs of the depression, Hoover decided to do nothing, believing that the economy would fix itself. When the depression took full effect, Hoover tried to support businesses so they’d hire more workers and potentially fix the economy, this didn’t reach its desired affect. Hoover also tried to pass the Hawley-Smoot Tariff but this also back fired as other countries didn’t buy the America’s exports.
-Matthew Veshosky
P4

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The bull market seemed to be very successful, as stock became more popular more and more people invested. Speculation caused falsely high stock values that investors could not meet, this caused high number of people selling their stock. People began to lose a lot of their money as they owed money to the stock market and the broker they borrowed money from because of buying on a margin.

Isabel Munoz

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During the 1920’s there was a bull market, which was an upward trend in the stock market, due to this more people wanted to invest. Because of the bull market people were speculating that the market would continue to increase indefinitely, thus people began to take out loans to buy stocks with. Thus was known as buying on the margin, and as the stocks decreased people were unable to pay back loans, lost money on the stocks, and were in debt.

-Ariel Suarez

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How the stock market contributed to the Great Depression

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How the stock market contributed to the Great Depression

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The bull market was the most popular stock market in the 1920's, with people investing in it more and more as prices rose. Many people were just investing in stock on the speculation that it would come in handy later,  which obviously isn't smart. They would pay for more than they had with loans, so when the stock market crashed, it put a lot of people into financial trouble, which banks couldn't help with because they had given out so many loans already.

Lynn

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In the 1920’s because of how well the American economy was doing post world war 1. The republican US presidents created tax cuts in hopes that the money would eventually trickle down to the needy and help them obtain more wealth. But it didn’t work the way they hoped it would and it ended up blowing up in their face in the form of the Great Depression. The presidents gave up regulating big business and it showed.

-Matthew Jebb

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All 3 presidents of the 1920s (Harding, Coolidge, and Herbert) were republicans whose economic policies were based on laissez-faire, or little government control over regulating economy activities. Harding believed the best way to bring the U.S "back to normalcy" economic wise after WW1 was to raise tariff rates; his economic policy, or policies were formed by Secretery of Treasury Mellon. Coolidge was known for saying and doing very little ,but was against immigration and supported lowering government spending and cutting taxes. Hoover also believed in lowering taxes and raising tariffs with the Hawley-Smoot Tariff bill ,but eventually complied with government control when he had to deal with the Great Depression as president.  Annaliese Sulzberger Period 2

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The stock market crash of 1929 was one of the major factors that contributed to the Great Depression. Overproduction caused more good to be made then people could buy. This caused and increase in productions and lower demand. Which meant people got laid off and businesses weren’t selling as many goods.

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How 1920s Republican Presidents’ policies helped cause the Great Depression

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How 1920s Republican Presidents’ policies helped cause the Great Depression

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The 1920s Republican Presidents’ policies emphasized lazze fair economics. They cut taxes on the wealthy, cut spending on social welfare programs, and implemented tarrifs to protect American businesses from competition. These policies initialy facilitated a period of economic growth but when the rich got richer,the poors wages became stagnant the imbalances became clear.

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One of the major effects of the Great Depression was unemployment. Due to corporations losing thousands of consumers and investors, they were forced to lay of millions of employees; over 15 million. Another effect was “Bank Runs,” when people rushed to withdraw their money from the banks out of fear of their closing. This resulted in the banks having no money for loans, leading to banks collapsing.

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Hoover had a Laissez Faire beliefs in how he handled economics and for the most part he did nothing until it was too late to fix the economy. He created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which gave out loans to big business and tried to recapitalize the banks which Hoover hoped would provide new jobs. The Harley-Smoot Tariff raised tariffs on US goods but backfired when foreign governments wouldn’t but American exports.
-Noah Boatright

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Bull market- over inflation values on stocks. Market is on the rise when the economy is sound.

Stock speculation- people borrow large sums of money to invest in the stock market, eventually led to crash

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How 1920’s Republican president caused the Great Depression 

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How 1920’s Republican president caused the Great Depression 

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The 1920’s Republican presidents caused the Great Depression because of laissez faire and because of tax cuts. The laissez faire aspect cause the Great Depression because the government gave up regulating the economy, thinking that people can control it themselves, but big business and rich people manipulated the economy to help themselves only, leaving the lower classes to suffer. The other reason why Republican presidents caused the Great Depression was because of tax cuts, where the government lowered the amount of taxes and even gave large tax breaks for big businesses and rich folk, eventually leading to Federal debt.

-Elijah Whaley

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Credit helped cause the Great Depression because a mass of the population accumulated debt because of the credit system. Additionally overpopulation led to lots of wasted money and company’s having to lay off workers because of this. Lastly mechanized agriculture forced several farmers to go out of business.
Anahy. I

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Businesses were producing way too many products. There was a surplus in consumables, and when there is a surplus, the price goes down. The overproduction was so bad, that businesses had to sell items for a loss. Also, people were taking out too many loans from the bank, and using credit. The bank didn’t have the money to reimburse everyone with their money at once, so when a wave of people came to withdrawal money, things went sideways. Mechanized agriculture created non-sustainable food production. There were dust storms and droughts. This would cause there to be famine and diseases.

Ethan H

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President Hoover was not prepared for the severity of the Great Depression. Hoover believed in the laissez-faire policy which was a contribution to the collapse of the stock market. In 1930, the Hawley Smoot tariff was implemented to protect farmers and other industries from foreign competition but this worsened the effect of the Great Depression. Hoover attempted to install the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act to provide emergency loans to banks and other institutions, but it wad already too late and had hardly any effect. -Lara

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The Presidents during this time favored the big businesses over anything. This left the lower class people with no money or resources. Major tax cuts also happened during the 1920s, so the government wouldn’t be able to pay debts or earn as much money as they used to.

-Diego Lopez

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Some effects were unemployment, “bank runs”, hoovervilles, and the bonus army. people suffered unemployment because companies lost consumers so they began to lay off workers. When people had money problems they would take out money from the banks. A panic started making everyone take out money. Banks didn’t have enough money to give everyone so the banks collapsed. Hoovervilles were shantytowns around major cities made up of unemployed people. These people blamed the economic situation on president Herbert Hoover.  WWI veterans went to D.C. during the Great Depression to get their promised bonus pay. The Great Depression left many in need of money quickly. Despite the group of veterans and demonstrators they didn’t get the bonuses early.

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In the 1920's many companies had excess production which created an oversupply. The rising shared prices convinced people that it was easy money. Eventually, in 1929, the stock market crashed due to over speculation (the stocks worth more than the actual company).

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Hoover had multiple ideas to restore business and the economy after the Depression. One of the most effective things he did was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. This corporation was designed mainly to promote confidence in business, they were loans that were given out in order for businesses to hire more workers. After this, in 1930, Hoover created the Hawley-Smoot Tariff to raise tariffs on imported goods which ultimately backfired. When foreign governments refused to buy these highly priced American goods it only forced companies out of business which worsened the depression. This outcome is much like his attempt with the Laissez-faire that didn’t help anything, it only led to his defeat in 1932.

- Sora Cofone

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Overproduction & Underconsumption helped cause the Great Depression by producing goods for the higher demands with an addition in materials being used. This would ultimately lead to the Stock Market Crash of 1929. But companies would continue to skyrocket in supply production although multiple amounts of people couldn’t afford said products. This would lead into the introduction of the tariff which were set in place to generate revenue and protect Americans of essential goods such as wheat, sugar and corn.

-Jonathan Hibbett

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The Great Depression caused a lot of drastic and long lasting changes in the US. Some of the major ones were unemployment, bank runs, Hoovervilles, and Bonus Army. During the Great Depression many individuals lost their jobs so many families were left without a way to pay their bills and were then searching and competing basic jobs that barely pay. Another effect would be bank runs which is when people reacted to the stock market crash in a panic by taking out all their money which leads to the bank failure. Next, Hoovervilles were shanty towns caused by the Depression which help large amounts of jobless people holding on to only their money from their bank withdrawal and nothing else. Lastly Bonus Army was a large group of WWI veterans that gathered to redeem cash for their service after becoming unemployed. - Renee Ficker

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Leading up to and during the Great Depression, Hoover was president. However, even though he was, his initial response to the depression was that America would fix itself in time, as he had a "laissez-faire" approach to the issue. He realized later something needed to be done, but the efforts he made proved to be too little too late. Efforts that he took included the formation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the signing of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff. The corporation would support economic confidence in businesses by funding them, but not to the people directly. The tariff that was put in place was meant to lower American imports to increase production within the country, but other countries would respond with higher tariffs against American exports, which made matters worse. (James Kennedy)

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The Great Depression caused various effects that affected Americans tremendously. When the stock market crashed it caused many workers to lose their jobs and put people in poverty. With the increase of homeless people, the idea of Hoovervilles started to arise which provided people in need a place to stay although the overall condition of these “shantytowns” were very poor. Along with the terrible living conditions, bank runs started to occur because of a large wave of people trying to take their money out of the bank in fear of losing it, causing the banks to stop people from withdrawing because of the lack of money. - Manny V

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The stock market was doing well in the 1920s, causing more people to want to invest in it. When a person didn’t have enough money to buy a stock outright, they took out a loan and paid a small amount upfront (similar to a down payment). As demand increased, prices increased, so the loans had to grow to keep up. Eventually, the market did crash and many were left in debt, unable to pay back their stock loan 📉 The lenders were unfortunately brought down as well since they would not receive their money back.

Alyssa M.

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The bull market saw the stock market rising in the 1920s, leading people to invest, creating a cycle of consistent rise and investing. Many investors engaged in speculation, taking on substantial risks for a chance at substantial gains. The confidence in the stock market led people to buy on margin—buying into a market with loans, and when failing, losing money and going into debt.

-Angela Menguito

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Throughout Hoovers presidency he integrated a lot of laissez-faire but when he  finally started to intervene it was already too late. He believed the economy would fix itself. Hoover created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which would give loans to companies, banks, and businesses but would be useless when it comes to actually helping the country’s citizens. He then created the Hawley-Smoot Tariff which would increase tariffs on foreign goods to help American businesses but this resulted in foreign countries raising their tariffs on American goods. This would negatively affect the economy in the long run.

Yehoshua Fuentes

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Bull market- investing in the stock market became very popular as stocks rose. So when everyone has some kind of investment in stocks, so when the value of stocks falls, everyone who had an investment would lose money, being a cause of the Great Depression.

Speculation- people would invest large amounts of money into the stock market hoping to make quick profit. When the market crashed these investors lose large amounts of money

Buying on margin-this is a risky way of investing where you invest with large amounts of borrowed money. This process benefited investors only especially when the stocks increased. This lead to people losing money and getting themselves into debt

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The stock market was essential to this time period. When people started selling a lot of stocks at the same time this caused the gradual decline of stock prices. When the stock market crashed investors lost their life savings which led to less consumer spending which led to less money for businesses and more people getting unemployed.

-Willie

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1920s Republican Presidents Policies - Nathan H

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1920s Republican Presidents Policies - Nathan H

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In the roaring 20’s, politicians promoted business interests and believed prosperity would “trickle down” to the average person. The limited government regulation (laissez-faire) allowed for excessive investment in the speculative market, leading to a stock market crash - one of the causes of the Great Depression

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In the late 1920’s once the Great Depression began its reign on America some immediate effects occurred. The most important one being unemployment, people all around America lost their job and it changed a lot of peoples lives in a negative way. Another is all the “Hoovervilles” that are just people that are homeless and have no jobs. They were named after the republicans president at the time. The problem is that many of them went malnourished and hungry which went on through the whole depression. JOHN ARCENEAUX, ROWAN CARON

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Immediate Effects of the Great Depression

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Immediate Effects of the Great Depression

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Unemployment: As soon as the market crashed, people were let off their jobs due to employer's not having the money to pay workers or due to them losing the business to bankruptcy.
Bank Runs: Many people feared the bank would lose their money, so a bunch of family all at once went to withdraw their savings which caused the banks to close after losing all their money.
Hoovervilles: Many people weren't able to pay their morgages/rent after being let off and losing all their money, which ended with a lot of people homeless and forming communities called hoovervilles.
Bonus Army: Veterans and veteran families went to DC to demand service bonuses for serving the war, but there was no money to give them.
Lovie D

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How did overproduction & underconsumption cause the Great Depression?

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How did overproduction & underconsumption cause the Great Depression?

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Because business started to produce more than there was demand for (overproduction) and caused a lot of deflation in the process. People didn’t buy as much as businesses were expecting and thus operated at a loss (underconsumption). It led to other effects such as unemployment and loans. The loans especially were used by farmers for farming equipment, which they couldn’t pay back with their accumulated debt.

Patrick

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5) Effects of the Great Depression

Unemployment - U.S. Citizens were being laid off because businesses were forced to close due to the crashing stock market that caused many to lose money, turn to banks whom then had to close, and then they became unable to afford to pay their workers.
Bank Runs - During the Great Depression, many feared the banks would lose their money and ran to withdraw their savings so they wouldn’t lose their money, which caused banks to lose all their money and be forced to close.
Hoovervilles - Due to people losing their money, they lose their mortgages for their residences and therefore we’re homeless. Areas of homeless people were called Hoovervilles (nicknamed after the U.S. president of the time).
Bonus Army - Veterans and Families of veterans paraded to D.C. to demand their service bonuses for assisting in the war early. There was no money to do this though.

-William

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The government engaged into the “trickle down” theory where they would loan money, give banks tax breaks, big businesses, and rich so that eventually this money would make its way into the lower classes. This created a demand in the economy for more jobs and higher wages which couldn’t happen with the stock market crash.
Bella

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Hoover’s attempts to end the depression were somewhat futile. He believed in laissez-faire, which is the governments withdrawal or avoidance from/of business and economics. Hoover initially believed that the laissez-faire approach would help the economy; evidently, that was not the case. The Smoot-Hawley-Tariff (signed 1930) was originally intended to help farmers. This tariff raised (already high) imports—ranging from agricultural to industrial goods—by around 20%, making imports only affordable for the wealthy while decreasing the amount of exported goods to other countries. This would contribute to the failure of banks and the reduction of trade.  Another attempt at providing ailment to the wavering economy was the RFC. Signed by Hoover in January of 1932, the RFC was a government sponsored financial institution that lended to banks and other financial institutions. It had some success, but also some fallings; they often took a bank’s best loan as collateral and controversy surrounding the RFC lending discouraged banks.
— Bianca

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During World War I, the demand for products, especially crops, greatly increased. To keep up with this growing demand, farmers went into debt buying loans to switch to mechanized agricultural systems which allowed them to plant and harvest more efficiently. After WWI, though, the demand dropped and farmers were harvesting more than they could sell (overproduction), not earning enough to pay off their debts. (Furthermore, mechanized agriculture had led to overtilled land, killing the soil and causing a natural disaster called the Dust Bowl). After the stock market crash caused people to lose their jobs, people had less income to buy products and thus demand fell (underconsumption), prices of goods dropped to compensate, and farmers and producers made even less money off of their products.

Bee

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It helped cause the Great Depression due to the fact that stock brokers encouraged people to buy stocks on margin meaning they bought stocks with loaned money. Rampant speculation led to falsely high stock prices, and when the stock market began to tumble, speculative investors couldn't make their margin calls, and a massive sell-off began. The collapse of the long bull market led to debt and ruin for millions of Americans.

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Coolidge believed in keeping the government mostly out of the market and wanted to let it run itself. This would backfire, however, as the market crashed and led to the Great Depression.

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Due to the low interest rates of the stock market, the prices were reaching into higher digits by the minute until it became so unbearable that the market crashed. Herbert Hoover was a follower of the Laissez-faire, but didn't think it meant it restricted the government help with employment, resulting a series of acts and plans to better the employment. Despite his efforts working for a couple years, it latter would fall and the economy ended up  crashing again -Chivas Yager

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During the 1920, the republic government at this time  brought back the Lasses fair, “trickle down theory” and ensuring to bring back “normality”. The lasses fair allowed business to do whatever they desire while the government won’t intervene. The “normality made it so they could reject both activism and idealism ideals. Finally they introduced “trickle down” which is a theory that supports corporations and also tax breaks which then the wealth will trickle down to everyone in the community. Following this, the demand for more jobs arose but because they stock market couldn’t keep up it eventually crashed.
-Emily b

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stocks fell, and with them, businesses and banks did too. This caused about 1/4 of people to be unemployed, losing thier jobs, their savings, and homes. In 1932, there were large hinger strikes and riots becuase people were angry that they were going hungry while there were huge food surpluses.

Victoria

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While Hoover believed in Laissez-Faire economics, he would violate those beliefs in the midst of the depression in order to launch his anti depression deal, this being the “Hoover New Deal.” This new deal offered economic support to businesses and workers in order to bolster wage rates as well as prices. In order to further assist American workers, most notably the farming population, the Smoot-Hawley Act was passed under Hoover’s administration. This act increased the tax on imported goods, encouraging production within the United States in order to combat the depression at hand. While Hoover claimed to support Laissez-Faire ideas and the belief the economy could fix itself, his response would directly challenge this through the government support of American goods and wages in the economy.

-Ashley LaFlamme

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The Hawley-Smoot Tariff increased tariffs on foreign goods by 20 percent and made imports only affordable to the wealthy which decrease the amount of exported goods and led to bank failures. Laissez faire was basically the government having no part in the economy business could do whatever they wanted without government

interference this caused the stock market collapse. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a corporation that made loans to banks, railroads and other agricultural institution this was the first time that the government had stepped in to help the economy but didn’t do enough to stop the depression.
- Kiara L.

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Banks failed, life savings were lost, leaving many Americans destitute. Decline in spending, investing, and the GDP. Hoovervilles we’re the poor cardboard shacks that thousands of jobless Americans were living in along the edges of cities.

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The Long Bull market was a period of time after the roaring 20’s that allowed for stocks to grow in value and during this time, people bought stocks off of loans that after heavy speculation of a depression would collapse. People saw the changes in the stock market and they all pulled their money out at about the same time and caused to value of these loans and stocks to fall heavily. Overall, the stock market was the root reason for the mass debt that many people amassed during the Great Depression.

-Aiden Shilling

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Unemployment: many businesses went bankrupt due to the stock market crash and many lost their jobs as employers couldn't afford to pay them.
Bank runs: people feared that the banks would lose their money so they would go to withdraw their savings but this made banks lose money so they closed down.
Hoovervilles: people struggled to find work and couldn't afford to pay off their houses so many became homeless and lives in hoovervilles which were communities of homeless people.
Bonus Army: veterans from WWI struggled to find work and went on a march in D.C. to demand early pay for their services in war but they weren't given money.
-Asma

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Because of the pro-business standing of the Republican Party, and their conservative views, the policies passed during the 1920 allowed business to do as the pleased. With a Laissze-faire approach towards the industry, this combined with the poor regulations, would make for poor working environment. This cause a surplus of goods priced at whatever the company wanted, and people who are now buying things on credit living lives the can’t offered would later be one of the cause for the Great Depression

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1) 1920’s republican government policies 

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1) 1920’s republican government policies 

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Republican policies help the development and growth of the economy and business success with higher tariffs and trade imports it help American companies grow and improve and strengthen the economy.

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During the 1920’s, laissez Faire aspects began to come back into government politics which allowed people to control their money and limit government intervention. The “trickle down” theory also played an effect in which money from upper class would go down through steps to the lower class. All these in mind played an effect in causing the great depression.
- Adrian

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The bull market caused an economic bubble before the Great Depression by causing people to expect too much growth. Speculation caused people to take on excessive risk. Buying on margin caused investors to take on debts which would come back to bite them. All of this led to the bubble bursting and the economy going into the Great Depression.

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Hoover’s Response to the Great Depression

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Hoover’s Response to the Great Depression

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Herbert Hoover was unprepared when the United States entered the Great Depression. Hoover initially limited the government’s involvement (laissez-faire). However, the government began to become involved once there was no end in sight. The government launched the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which was tasked with providing liquidity Roy he banking system. In addition, the government created the Hawley-Smoot Tariff which increased foreign import tariffs by 20%. Ultimately Hoover was in affective in his response and left the White House with a large disapproval rate.

- Matthew Fannin

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Credit during the 1920s allowed for more ability of consumer goods to be sold, but most people didn’t have enough money to pay back the banks. Mechanized agriculture allowed for the country to expand their land and grow triple the amount they had before, but this overproduction was wasted and the country couldn’t consume the amount produced. Tariffs were becoming higher, which caused limited exports, and U.S. investors would become injured in due time because of foreigners not being able to repay their loans and become in debt. Overproduction caused the overproduction of products than what was needed, which was the underconsumption of said products causing a huge imbalance in the economy.
-Kiya Wilson

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Overproduction and Underconsumption helped cause the Great Depression due to businesses producing more goods than people could afford. This led to prices depreciating, factories closing, workers losing jobs, which created a cycle of poverty. Deflation grew and as deflation grew more and more businesses would shut down.

Sam Amyx
P.7

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At the start of the Great Depression, numerous bank runs occurred when thousands of depositors all withdrew funds from the bank causing the banks to collapse. The collapse of the banking system caused widespread poverty, unemployment, and economic collapse. Unemployment peaked at nearly 25%. During the depression, many were forced to live in Hoovervilles, which were small shantytowns built by the unemployed for housing. The anger of citizens was revealed during the Bonus Army conflict when thousands of WWI veterans came to Washington D.C. to demand immediate payment of war bonuses in cash to alleviate the hardships of the depression.

Owen Szymanski

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Preceding the Great Depression was a massive mechanization of agriculture. Farmers started buying trucks and tractors with the intention of producing more crops and making more money. While they did produce more crops, they actually made less money than before because there was now more food than people could buy. Without the profits they needed, farmers couldn't pay back the loans they took out to buy the tractors. Farmers all across the country quickly went bankrupt.
- Liam Sucich