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-George Floyd's murder sparked the largest racial justice protests in the United States since the civil rights movement
-The movement went beyond the nation's borders -> it inspired a global reckoning with racism

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-he was criticised and derided by young Black-power enthusiasts because he stood for patience and a measured approach to social change

—>these enthusiasts wanted a confrontation and immediate change

-> King was considered as irresponsibly passive and old beyond his years

-he also got a negative rating by many Americans regarding his popularity

-views towards King became more positive by the mid-1970

-nowadays, he’s seen as an American hero by most of Americans

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Name: Rosa Louise Parks

Birthday: 4th February 1913

Birthplace: Tuskegee, Alabama

Husband: Raymond Parks

Parents: Leona McCauley, James McCauley

Siblings: Sylvester McCauley

Died: 24th October 2005 Detroit, Michigan

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•She is a civil rights activist
•1955: refused to give up her seat for a white person
––> lead to discussion with the police & got arrested
• started the  Montgomery bus boycott
––> was a 13 month mass protest that ended with the US. Supreme court ruling that segregation  on public busses is unconstitutional

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What did he do for the civil right movement(Achivement):

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What did he do for the civil right movement(Achivement):

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1955 – The Montgomery Bus Boycott

King led the boycott, which lasted 385 days and was in response to Rosa Park’s arrest under the segregation laws. Following a 1956 ruling, it ended when the Supreme Court announced that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional.

1963 – The Birmingham Campaign

King led the Birmingham community to call out police brutality and injustice. The campaign proved that consequences exist for those that act unfairly based on race. It also set precedence for future hearings involving similar acts.

1963 – The Great March on Washington

King was one of the leaders that arranged the March on Washington for job creation and freedom. The march took place in Washington, D.C.with over 250,000 participants.

1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964

This act ended segregation in public places and banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It is considered one of the primary legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. King’s activism helped to shape the qualifiers of the act.

1964 – Nobel Peace Prize

King received a Nobel prize for his non violent struggel for civil rights for the Afro American population

1965 – 1965 Voting Rights Act

King led marches in Selma, Alabama, dramatizing the voting inequality issue. It prompted President Johnson to send a bill to Congress to remove race-based restrictions. After passing into law in 1965, the act outlawed discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states. It prohibited unfair practices such as literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.

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-His dying words “I can’t breathe” became famous
-People all over the world started protests against police brutality, especially towards black people
-Derek Chauvin was fired and charged with second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter
->he was found guilty on all 3 charges
->was sentenced to 22 1/2 years in prison
-His family revived 27million dollars

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• right thing is the most admirable trait one can have
•don’t worry about other peoples opinions
•because it positively benefits not only you but it’s good for the world too

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-he was standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee and was shot by a racist

->he was leading a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city

->since 1986, he is memorialized on the third Monday of January every year

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”You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right.“

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”You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right.“

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Name: Ruby Nell Bridges Hall
Date of birth: September 8th 1954
->was born in the middle of the civil rights movement; racial segregation abolished in schools
-she was part of an Integration program
->participated in an entry exam, only for african American (she got in)
-she was discriminated
->Crowds screaming slurs at her
->Woman Holding a Black Baby doll in a coffin
->she was a class of one
-she was escorted to school
-decision divided society
->resentment against her Family; parents lose jobs & prohibition from local stores

Famous quote
“Don’t follow the path. Go where there is no path and begin the trail.”

Why she is still relevant today
-she was a pioneer, visiting an all-white school
->she created a new path/opportunity for Black children
-racism still common occurance

Who she is today
– 68 years old
– founded the ruby bridges foundation
– famous painting of her in the white house

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-Derek Chauvin killed him during an arrest after a store clerk suspected Floyd may have used a counterfeit 20$ bill
-The police officer knelt on Floyd‘s neck and back for 9 minutes and 29 seconds which caused a lack of oxygen

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First African American President of the United States, breaking a major racial barrier in American history.

Passed the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), which expanded access to healthcare for millions of Americans.

Implemented the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which allowed young undocumented immigrants to temporarily stay in the United States without fear of deportation.

Advocated for LGBTQ+ rights and became the first sitting president to openly support same-sex marriage.

Navigated the United States through significant crises, including the 2008 financial crisis and the Ebola outbreak.

Pursued a policy of engagement with Cuba and worked to normalize diplomatic relations with the country.

Addressed the issue of climate change and implemented the Clean Power Plan, which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 for his efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples.

Maintained high levels of public approval throughout his presidency, with approval ratings often above 50%.

Continues to be a prominent figure in public life and has used his platform to advocate for social causes such as voting rights and climate change action.

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-His words empowers generations of Americans to fight for equal rights.
-He is also known for his president Leadership in the US civil right movement
-His Speeches–>“I have a Dream“ .His message is still relevant today,He believes that America could live up to its principles,his principles of non-violence and equal rights which created monumental change in the US legislation.
->influenced the federal government to take more direct actions to fully realise racial equality

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Born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii

Graduated from Columbia University in 1983 with a degree in political science

Worked as a community organizer, civil rights attorney, and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School

Elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996, served until 2004

Elected to the United States Senate in 2004, became the fifth African American senator in U.S. history

In 2008, he became the first African American president of the United States

Passed the Affordable Care Act, implemented the DACA program

Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009

Continues to be active in public life and social causes after leaving office in 2017

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Born:January 15th 1929 in Atlanta,USA
->grew up with Siblings in a religious household
->>Studied Sociolagy and theology
Parents:Martin Luther King senior and Alberta Williams
->followed his Fathers role and joined the Babist Church and became Pastor
Family:Has 4 Children with his wife Coretta Scott king

~Death:murdered on April,1968 in Tennessee

—>He got known for being a Civil Right activist

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-He was born october 14 1973 and died may 25 2020
-Floyd has 5 children
-He was convicted of 8 crimes one of them being aggravated robbery for which he served 4 years in prison

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"I believe our sorrow can make us a better country. believe our
righteous anger can be transformed into more justice and
more peace."

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“Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.”

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Nelson Mandela after release from prison

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famous quote:

“No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love”

Profile:

Name: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Date of Birth: July 18, 1918

Place of Birth: Mvezo, Transkei, South Africa

Date of Death: December 5, 2013

Occupation: Anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, politician

Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, and politician who served as the first black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was a key figure in the movement to end apartheid in South Africa and was imprisoned for 27 years for his activism. Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his work in ending apartheid and promoting reconciliation in South Africa.

Brief Biography:

Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in the Transkei region of South Africa. He became involved in the African National Congress (ANC) in the 1940s and was a key figure in the struggle against apartheid. In 1964, he was sentenced to life in prison for his activism.

During his 27 years in prison, Mandela became an international symbol of the struggle against apartheid. After his release in 1990, he worked to negotiate an end to apartheid and became South Africa's first black president in 1994. During his presidency, he worked to promote reconciliation between South Africa's different racial and ethnic groups and to address issues such as poverty and inequality.

Mandela died in 2013 at the age of 95, but his legacy continues to inspire people around the world to work for justice, equality, and human rights. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in modern African history and is often referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in South Africa.

Achievements:

Leading the fight against apartheid

Spending 27 years in prison

Negotiation the end of apartheid

Promoting reconciliation

Winning the Nobel Peace Price

Inspiring people around the world

Overall, Mandelas achievements played a significant in role in shaping the course of South African history and continue to serve as an inspiration to people everywhere who fight for justice and equality.

Public response:

During his lifetime:

widely regarded as a hero and an icon of the struggle against apartheid

celebrated for his leadership, his courage, and his commitment to nonviolence and reconciliation

symbol of hope around the world

After his death:

outpouring of grief and tribute from people around the world

praised for his vision, his integrity, and his enduring legacy of peace and justice.

Overall, public responses to Mandela have been overwhelmingly positive, reflecting his status as one of the most important and beloved figures of the 20th century.