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The standard for civic education should be set higher

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The standard for civic education should be set higher

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Once students had completed eighth grade, the public schools had met their responsibility to enable children to "eventually function productively as civic participants.”

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Argument basis

This education level is adequate for minimum wage labor

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Capable civic education includes the ability to make sense of ballot propositions, and DNA evidence at trial

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"meaningful civic participation” and prospects for "competitive employment," not simply minimum-wage employment, demanded a twelfth-grade level of verbal and math skills and similarly advanced competence in social studies and economics."

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The court ordered New York City to increase school funding

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"Inequality has been a choice." Joseph Stiglitz: Rewriting the Rules of
The American Economy (2015)

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caused the state to fail to deliver

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Systems are already resource-strained; raising the bar without feasible funding widens the inequity between districts that can/can’t comply.

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Over-weighting civics can undercut students aiming straight for work.

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Emphasizing STEM targets and wage opportunities

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Emphasizing STEM targets and wage opportunities

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“Massively increased investment in STEM” responds to “a technology-dependent economy.”

Expanding technical pipelines can raise earnings faster than abstract civics reforms.

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An education focused not merely on technical skills, but also on participatory readiness, provides a distinct and better way to promote equality through schooling.

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Civic education is necessary to a certain extent

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Civic education is necessary to a certain extent