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The original vol 1 book by Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852

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Uncle tom's cabin had a big social and political significance. Socially, it made many people in the North see how wrong slavery was. Politically, it made the north and south argue even more, leading to the civil war. It also had an intellectual impact because it spread ideas about freedom and equality. The book changed how many Americans thought about slavery.

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The author of the image is John h fitzgibbon, shows a drawing of Dred Scott, his wife and two kids. This was made on June 27, 1857 

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I chose the Dred Scott decision because of its political impact. It made tensions worse between the North and South. The supreme court ruled that slaves were not citizens. This angered the north because it made slavery seem legal everywhere. The south, however, celebrated the decision, which deepened the divide.

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“The Railsplitter” was a campaign newspaper for Abraham Lincoln, published in Chicago from June 23 through October 27, 1860.

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The election of 1860 had a major political and social impact. Politically, Abraham Lincoln's win cause many Southern states to leave the union because he feared he would end slavery. Socially, it divided the country even more between the north and south. It also had an economic impact because the south worried their slave based economy would be destroyed. Overall the election made the start of the civil war almost certain.

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In this 1867 illustration from Harper’s Weekly, a Pony Express rider gallops past workers building the new line. Note the bison skeleton at lower right. 

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I chose the telegraph because it had a big technological signifigance on the civil war. It sended messages and orders quickly over long distances. President Lincoln used it to talk directly with his generals and get battle updates faster. This helped the Union make better decisions and react quickly to changes in the war. The telegraph gave the North a major advantage in communication and control.

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A geographic map of the railroads. made by Rand McNally in 1883

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I chose the railroads cause of it's technological significance. It let armies move more supplies, weapons and soldiers much faster. The North had more railroads than the south, so they had more reinforcements more faster as well. This helped the North win the civil war.

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The battlefield of Gettysburg, photograph by Timothy O'Sullivan, July 1863.

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July 1 - July 3, 1863. Battle of Gettysburg 

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July 1 - July 3, 1863. Battle of Gettysburg 

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I chose the battle of Gettysburg because of its big social and political signifigance. Socially, it gave people in the North hope that they could win the war. Politically, it made more people support president Lincoln and the union. It also had an intellectual impact because it led to Lincoln's Gettysburg address about freedom and equality. The battle becomes a symbol of hope and unity.

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artist Alfred Rudolph Waud depicted "The First Vote" of Black men in Virginia. In the image, a white man is seen conducting the election while the new voters drop their ballots in the glass bowls. This was published in November 16, 1867,

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The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments had a social, political and intellectual significance. Socially, they ended slavery and gave African Americans new rights and freedom. Politically, they changed the constitution to protect equality and voting rights for all men. Intellectually, they spreaded new ideas about justice and citizenship. These amendments helped shape America into a fairer and more equal society.

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Photograph of a group of students standing outside James' Plantation School, a freedmen's school, likely located in Pitt County, in October 1866.

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The freedmen's Bureau had a social, economic and intellectual significance. Socially, it helped formerly enslaved people adjust to freedom by giving them food, housing and education. Economically, it helped many find jobs and fair pay. Intellectually, it built schools and taught thousands to read and write. The freedmen's bureau helped many African Americans start new lives after slavery.

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An illustration depicting two members of the Ku Klux Klan, in Harper's Weekly magazine, December 19, 1868

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The Force Acts had political, social, and intellectual significance. Politically, they gave the federal government power to stop groups like the KKK from keeping African Americans from voting. Socially, they helped protect the rights and safety of freedom in the south. Intellectually, they showed that the government must defend equality and justice. The Force Acts helped enforce the new rights gained after the civil war.

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An African American man drinking at a water cooler for “colored” people at a streetcar terminal in Oklahoma City in 1939

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Jim Crow Laws had a social, political and intellectual significance. Socially, they kept black and white people separated in schools, transportation, and public places. Politically, they took away African Americans voting rights and power in government. Intellectually, they spread false beliefs about racial inequality. These laws strengthened racism and unfair treatment in the south for many years.