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Today in CAL 1, I explored brightspace further and made sure that I could use everything correctly. I also made a CV and uploaded it to both brightspace and padlet. Additionally, I made a padlet account and am now adding to it, with the plan to submit the link as soon as I'm done typing!

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Blog: careersnews.ie

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Going to College: New Systems - New Challenges - Many thoughts will occupy your mind as you prepare for college. Will I make new friends? Will I fit in? Will I be academically able for my chosen course of study? You may also be worried about moving away from home. Rest assured that most of your concerns will pass without too much complication and you will welcome a fresh start. Things to note:

The CAO Application: Choosing what you are interested in is key to success in college. There is still plenty of time to work on this. List your courses in order of genuine interest and have lots of choice.

Changing communication channels: At school, the relationship was between you, your parents and the school. At college it's between you and the college and your parents will be depending on a healthy relationship with you to let them know how you are getting on. Each college and course will have its own unique way of communicating with you, likewise each lecturer will too. It is important to read your course handbook to find out key information including dates, deadlines, examinations and what supports and services are available to you.

Fitting in Socially: College life is more than an academic experience. The pressures of making new friends yet remaining loyal to old ones can bring on anxieties and fears. Fresher's week is an exciting and eventful week in which you will be introduced to college life, sports, clubs and societies. It's a great opportunity to meet new people and form lasting friendships.

Managing the learning process: This is something quite different from the demands of the second level system where reward is mainly given for memorisation and rote learning. To be successful at college you need to be proactive and take ownership and responsibility for your own learning.

Changing finances: College is an expensive business and funding is a very big issue for students and families as we see the costs rising every year. The discussion of what these bills are and how they can be met is an important one and should be fully explored before you start college.

Homesickness: Most students suffer a little homesickness. Those at home miss the daily predictable routines of the school years and those who live away also miss the daily exchanges at the kitchen table. Being involved in clubs and societies will help you overcome this.

Believe in your own ability: You have come this far, don't stop now. Things will seem very strange at first: new structures, new people, new system. You are not alone. Give it time.

Know yourself: Understand your strengths and weaknesses, know your friends, your confidants, know when you are comfortable in situations and when you feel threatened. Remember there is help at hand in every college for all situations whether you get into social, personal or academic difficulty. It's good to ask and it's good to talk.

Make things happen: Going to college is about becoming informed, taking control and responsibility. Be your own driver in all that you do.

If you want to hit the ground running, check out 'Cracking the College Code' which is written from the third level perspective with lots of practical tips for students in how to make a successful transition. Described by the President of the Institute of Guidance Counsellors as the 'must have' essential guide for all students, parents and guardians -- the book that should be in every Leaving Cert student's bag". It is endorsed by third level institutions, Provost of TCD, Minister for Education and Skills, President of the institute of Guidance Counsellors, National Parents Council post primary, School Principals, teachers, parents and students.

Published by CJ Fallon, it is available at all good bookshops and at: www.crackingthecollegecode.ie

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The Challenges of Going to College Going to College: New Systems - New Challenges - Many thoughts will occupy your [...]

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News website: RTE

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Opinion: higher education had a plethora of challenges before the arrival of Covid-19, but the situation is even harder now
While the reopening of schools has been the focus of attention recently in Ireland, higher education is also under major pressure at the start of a new academic year. As a fresh intake of students embarks on a new journey, third level institutions here and abroad are enduring a bumpy ride in the face of four major challenges: funding shortages; expectations; rising pressures and the impact of Covid-19.

Funding shortages - where's the money?

The role of the State in funding higher education varies greatly. A 2017 European Commission report found that 11 of 42 systems levied no fees at all for first time undergraduates, with some countries also offering grants and other supports. At the opposite extreme, notably in the United States, Australia and England, the state has minimised its funding role, leaving higher education institutions to compete in an open market. Rising tuition fees, typically £9,000 per year in England and significantly higher at US private universities, have filled the gap. Payment is often via loans, with over 40% of students owing more than $20,000 on graduation in 2017.

Even in countries where state funding is the primary model, the 2008 recession led to reductions in government support, reported at a third for Ireland, 21% for Spain, and 11% for France between 2008 and 2016. Countries have worked hard to attract international students who pay higher fees. Students from abroad constitute more than a fifth of the total higher education population in Australia and the UK and over a tenth in Ireland, but the coronavirus crisis has made revenue from this group very uncertain.
From RTÉ One's Six One News, 1,500 scientists warn of third-level funding crisis in May 2020
Ireland is badly positioned regarding higher education funding and is experiencing the worst of all worlds. Students are paying the second highest undergraduate fees in Europe, while State funding has fallen well below demand. The Irish Universities Association (IUA) has campaigned to point out serious deficits, including the halving of state funding per student between 2008 and 2017, below-average percentage of GDP expenditure and outdated facilities and equipment. Students have marched and scientists have written to highlight the need for investment. Successive governments have nevertheless failed to grasp the nettle and commit to a sustainable funding model from the options presented in the Cassells Report in 2016.

Great expectations - what's higher education for?

More is expected of higher education institutions than ever before. Student numbers have risen dramatically in recent decades, due to a combination of demographic factors, higher social aspirations and government policies to widen participation. Raewyn Connell in The Good University notes that the percentage of the relevant age group participating in higher education globally more than trebled between 1970 and 2015, rising from 10% to 36%, with some countries recording figures higher than 50%.

Accommodating this growth in a difficult funding climate is a major ongoing challenge. This is especially true for Ireland which the IUA highlights as the most highly educated state in the EU, with the overall student population expected to rise by 40,000 by 2030. This will supplement a growth of 50% in university enrolments since 2000.
From RTÉ Radio 1's This Week in January 2020, Jim Miley from the IUA on why third level funding should be a general election issue
The student body is not just larger but also more diverse in terms of age, socioeconomic background, part-time participation and family responsibilities. A more diverse mix of students brings a wider range of expectations around transitional supports, flexible routes to academic qualifications and online learning opportunities.

As tuition fees have risen so have the expectations of students from all backgrounds. A more consumerist view is evident among students. Choice of where to study is informed by research on institutional track record and, especially for those taking out loans, perceived value for money which is a key measure in the annual UK Student Academic Experience Survey. Future employability is a strong focus for students in a competitive and rapidly evolving job market in which it has been estimated that 65% of children starting primary school in 2018 will take on jobs not yet in existence. The onus is on higher education institutions to ensure dynamically evolving, relevant programmes and qualifications.

Rising pressures - accountability and competition

Accountability and competition are sources of increasing pressure for higher education institutions. Governments may have scaled back their funding, but many have intensified their emphasis on monitoring performance. This may focus on measuring the quality and impact of research and teaching, exemplified in the UK by the Research Excellence Framework and the Teaching Excellence Framework. For Ireland, each institution agrees a Performance Compact with the Higher Education Authority (HEA), including annual targets and a provision that "HEA may, based on material assessed and underpinning metrics/indicators withhold up to 3-5% of funding.".
From RTÉ Archives, Una O'Hagan reports for RTÉ News in 1989 on the Higher Education Authority's survey of Irish graduates and how they have fared since graduation over the last two years
Public scrutiny of higher education has also increased. Gender equality is an area of particular focus and one where much remains to be done. The European Commission reported in 2017 that women were heads of only 22% of Europe's higher education institutions and in 2016 held only 24% of Grade A academic positions. The University of Limerick appointed Ireland's first female university president in July 2020.

Higher education institutions operate in a highly competitive environment, intensified by the need to win funding from a diversity of sources due to declining state support. Building a strong international reputation is vital to attracting students, staff, donors and research funding. Success is often measured by positioning in the league tables of a range of global ranking systems whose influence has grown despite widely recognised flaws. These include a lack of differentiation between types of institution and limited emphasis on teaching. Irish universities have struggled for position in these rankings in recent years despite some improved placings in 2020.

Individuals on campus are feeling the pressure too. Academic staff are expected to publish in highly ranked journals and win research funding to advance their careers and to push their institutions up global ranking lists. Teaching has received less emphasis and reward than research, but has been made more challenging by the coronavirus and, for Ireland, higher staff-student ratios than elsewhere. Job security has become an issue globally as temporary employment of staff has grown. This and other factors prompted President Michael D Higgins to express concerns in 2019 about academic freedom and engagement with pressing world issues above the demands of the marketplace.
From IIHA Fordham, President Michael D Higgins' October 2019 lecture on "Humanitarianism and the Public Intellectual in Times of Crisis"
Administrative staff have experienced the deepest cuts in numbers and budgets since the 2008 recession. Academic libraries, for instance, struggle to support more students while reshaping their role in higher education.

Students also face a range of challenges. These include affordability as tuition fees have risen worldwide, including in Ireland where undergraduate fees are €3,000 a year. Another major worry is the increase in mental health issues as students encounter many pressures, including transition to college, costs, loan debt, examination stress and a competitive job market. Student suicides have hit a record high in the UK, while a 2019 survey by the Union of Students in Ireland found that 38% of students reported experiencing extreme anxiety and 30% reported symptoms of depression. The survey highlighted pressures arising from difficulties with accommodation and the need to take on jobs to pay fees or rent.

The word of the year - the Covid impact

The coronavirus pandemic has made a difficult operating environment for higher education much tougher. As noted earlier, international students represent a significant source of income, but they will now be less willing or able to travel. The IUA has calculated a loss of revenue of €374 million for Irish universities in the 2020 and 2021 financial years, while one commentator estimates that it will take five years for international student numbers to return to 2019 levels globally.
From RTÉ Radio 1's Drivetime, John Cooke reports on the reopening of universities
Moving to primarily online teaching and learning is far from straightforward. Progress had been slower than expected before the pandemic as lecturers grappled with how best to leverage online technologies, often with limited time and familiarity, alongside concerns about their effectiveness for learning. The sudden shift online following campus closures in March has been followed by intensive preparation for a more concerted online offering across most if not all of the 2020/21 academic year.

The on-campus experience is a vital element of student life and institutions are challenged with providing this as far but as safely as possible in a highly unpredictable virus situation. The intended proportion of in-person teaching had looked like averaging about a third for Ireland, with variations per course. An escalation in cases has, however, resulted in Government advice that institutions deliver entirely online tuition in the immediate term.

Over 10% of US institutions will teach fully online throughout autumn 2020. High numbers of infections reported soon after reopening at universities in North Carolina and Alabama are worrying, and there are concerns for campus safety. The only certainty seems to be that student life will be very different than before March.

Since the world's first university was founded in 859, higher education has shown resilience in the face of many challenges over more than a millennium. It continues to have a huge societal, economic and cultural impact worldwide, and the IUA estimated a university contribution of almost €9 billion to the Irish economy in 2017/18. Demand remains high, with student participation at record levels globally. There are some positive signs of state support too. Financial aid against the coronavirus impact has been welcomed in some countries, including Ireland, where the positive early work of the new Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science is encouraging in difficult times.
The views expressed here are those of the author and do not represent or reflect the views of RTÉ

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University challenge: higher education faces some tough questions

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Higher education had a plethora of challenges before Covid-19, but the situation is even harder now

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Image: researchgate.net

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Challenges for Starting College or University

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Newspaper article: irishtimes.com

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And you thought your first day of secondary school was scary. Starting in college is a whole new world: yes, you're independent, but you're also responsible for yourself. Food, bills, study and friends are all on you now. It's unfamiliar terrain and for some students, it can be daunting. So is college, as the old cliché goes, really "the best time of your life"?

Fear not: the road through college is a well-worn path and the trails are clearly marked. We asked three people for their advice.

Ben Doyle (19) is entering his second year of a four-year corporate law degree at NUI Galway. Catherine O'Connor is an education consultant who specialises in student recruitment at Trinity College Dublin, and the author of Cracking the College Code: a Practical Guide to Making the Most of the First-Year College Experience. Helen Vaughan is a psychotherapist and the owner of MaynoothCounselling.ie.

The first month Catherine O'Connor: My job is to recruit students, so I have to understand their needs. Some years back, I was looking into how students adjust to college both socially and academically, especially in the first year. So I met with more than 1,000 parents and students (mainly in focus groups) from a variety of backgrounds.

I found that people didn't really know how to navigate the college experience. How will they adjust to managing finances? Can they cook? If they're living at home, how will they get on with their parents or guardians? Will they make new friends in college, and how will they mind their mental health? Students worry that they won't make the most of the experience and this can make them anxious. I wrote the book to help answer some of these questions. Ben Doyle: I'd always wanted to do a commerce degree, but was also interested in the law. Corporate law was a good mix for me. I knew a few people going to NUI Galway, and it was reassuring to have them; the first day in a campus like this is exciting, but it's also daunting. You do feel thrown in the deep end - at first. That changes fast. Helen Vaughan: The biggest problem I see with my student clients: social anxiety. Not just among first years, though the first months in college can be really hard. In school, you're looked after, and you're furious about being constantly hounded to do your homework. In college, if you don't do the homework, nobody really cares and suddenly you'll miss that parent giving out to you. It can be hard to cope with independence when you finally have it, and hard to be responsible for your own work, food, finances, social life and friends.

Suddenly, you have to drive yourself; the chauffeur is gone. Some people are very good at it if they're particularly diligent and self-disciplined, but people can be thrown for all sorts of reasons, often unexpectedly. I see the ones who know they need help, but I suspect most don't think or know they need help, and they can find it hard to talk and explain how they feel.

Making friends BD: I wasn't scared, because almost as soon as you're in the college gate, there's a really well-thought orientation for new students. In the first week of college, you're really busy and there's plenty of events and activities in the first week where you meet new people. With your classmates, you find out more about your course. You get involved in societies. And everyone around you wants to meet new people and make new friends.

Clubs and societies make that easier because you're with people who share your interests. I joined loads of societies straight away - for the bags of sweets! I got involved with the debating and law societies.

Social media is great for talking to friends, planning activities and group assignments. But we're not wedded to it: most of my interaction is still person-to-person. I like hanging out with my friends for an hour or two, having a cup of tea, talking in person.

I don't think my age group drink as much as others. But if you are going to have a few drinks during the week, just make sure you can recover for the next day. Especially if you have a 9am lecture.

I didn't join any sports clubs in college, but I kept playing rugby with the under-20s in Tullamore. We won the league and the cup. It's not always the easy to find the time, but I'm glad I kept this big part of my life before college. C O'C: My research shows that 62 per cent of students worry about fitting in socially. You will meet people in tutorials and at lectures. You need to seek out the clubs and societies that interest you. Try new things and see what you like.

Some students worry about remaining loyal to old friends but you can keep the old ones and make new ones too. H V: I talk to people about how to manage their mental health. Recognise anxiety: heart beating faster, sweaty palms, feeling really tense - once they recognise it they know it is not a heart problem; it is anxiety, and it will pass. A panic attacks feeds on you fighting it. Tell yourself it is not pleasant, but it is not dangerous and it will pass. There are breathing exercises you can do if you feel pressured.

Most colleges have counselling services but they can be overprescribed. You don't have to be suicidal to call The Samaritans [see below: Support and help].

Academics H

V: Students can be stressed about lectures or walking into the room if they're late, so they don't go in the first few weeks and can find it harder to make friends.

Others stress about their course work and why they're not doing better, but it takes time to adjust to college. Let go of perfectionism - there comes a point when your work is good enough. I see students leaving it too late to start projects or get the book before it disappears from the library. They have to get used to setting their own deadlines without parents breathing down their neck. You can drink seven nights a week if you like, but you won't pass.

I found myself on the wrong course. I had to eventually admit that French wasn't for me, so I transferred to another course in another college and never looked back. People change their careers a few times in their life and it's fairly common to change course or do a new one - although, of course, this can be a financial challenge as you have to pay college fees. C O'C: If you set out to have discipline in your study from Monday to Wednesday, Thursday can follow the same pattern easy enough. Attend all lectures and tutorials. Take notes, keep them well, and back them up, remembering that technology doesn't always work. Read your notes and write down where your gaps are. Read beyond your own discipline, read everything. And remember: no matter how bright you are, you will meet brighter minds.

But no matter how motivated you are to study, you can feel lonely in the first semester and wonder if you're in the right course. I advise students to stick with it as long as they can and give it their best shot. Find out early on about the academic demands (read the handbook) and establish what you like about the course. Don't cut and run after three weeks; they can be tough anyway and it may be other factors making you question your course choice. If the student works hard to develop a strong work ethic and gets those three good days in, they can feel a lot better.

College doesn't share academic results with parents. Students also quickly learn that if they don't attend college it will affect their grades. B D: My biggest struggle in first year was the academic adjustment. For the Leaving Cert, core textbooks are your bibles and you have all the resources you need to hand. In college, you have to sift through a lot of information and perspectives, come to conclusions and back it up with research and references. I found my first assignment hard; we had to think creatively and be very open-minded. I didn't do great but, assignment by assignment, I'm learning how to research and write.

Finances

C O'C: Financial pressure can lead to dropping out. There needs to be a discussion early on about where the money for college comes from and who is paying. If the student takes a part-time job, how will that impact on their commitment to study or on their college experience? They need to budget: write out what the costs are and what the sources of finance are, including bank or credit unions loans, support from family and summer work. StudentFinance.ie is a good resource. B D: I'm lucky that I have support from my parents, and I work part-time to supplement that. I learned through experience how to budget and how much money I needed for groceries, food and books. Lots of nights out can damage your wallet. I'm learning how to cook: I do a mean beans on toast and chicken curry.

I share a student apartment in Corrib Village, the on-campus accommodation. We all clean up after ourselves and look after our own rooms, respect each other's space. H V: Finding accommodation is a big stress for students; it's in short supply. It can be hard to manage your own finances and learn to cook and clean for yourself, but it's a big kick in the arse to help you grow up.

Self-care is important:eat well, exercise, be among nature when you can, even if it's just a walk along the canal (if you're in Maynooth). Keep up the sport you did in school. Take a few moments now and again to check in with yourself and where you are in this moment, rather than where you were earlier or will be later. I give clients breathing and meditation exercises. And finally, I recommend a gratitude journal, where you write down three things every day - it could be a nice lunch, meeting someone you like, or even that it didn't rain. It helps the brain appreciate the nice things and worry less.

Support and help Samaritans: email jo@samaritans.org, text 087-2609090, or freephone 116123

Some student unions operate confidential and anonymous listening services. The biggest of these is NiteLine, run by and for students of several universities, colleges and institutes of technology (Freephone: 1800-793793), Student union welfare officers, college chaplains, counselling services and students advisers are all there, while most tutors and lecturers know how to help and support students who are going through a tough time.

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Tips for surviving your first year in college

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First year in third level can be a challenge but there are steps you can take to help ease the transition

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Government agency: the Department of Education and Skills

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Interest group: University of Waterloo

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Written by Erin (she/her), student

University is an amazing time in your life. There's the promise of new, exciting experiences, personal growth, and freedom. But it's not without its own challenges and growing pains.

So, how do you successfully navigate those roadblocks to make your university experience the best it can possibly be? First, you have to know some of the common problems you may face!

10 potential challenges and how to deal with them

1. Homesickness

One of the first challenges you may face in university is missing home. Even though you're meeting lots of new people and trying new things, it's easy to miss your friends and family (heck, even your own bed) back home. This is totally normal and lots of people go through this.

Luckily, we live in a digital age so video calling can help bridge that gap and keep you connected with your folks back home. Personally, I found putting my own personal touch on my residence room helped me to feel more comfortable and at home.

Related article: How to personalize your residence room

2. Transitioning to university life

Another common obstacle is learning to adapt to the differences between university and high school. You may have difficult classes, more homework, and you're now responsible for managing your own time.

I've found it helpful to make friends with people in class, form study groups, and learn how to take effective notes. Waterloo's Student Success Office offers great resources to help with the transition into university life and run workshops like note taking and leadership development.

Another tip is to introduce yourself to your professors and get to know them better. They're great resources if you're struggling with class work.

3. Roommates

Although residence teams work hard to pair you with people you will get along with, we all know people aren't perfect and there may come a time when you face some conflict with your roommates.

A great way to deal with potential problems before they arise is to make a roommate agreement. This helps outline commitments like rent, cleaning, house rules, and other obligations.

If for some reason conflict arises, don't be afraid to contact your residence life assistant/don. They're there to support you and can help you solve your problems with roommates.

Related article: Roommate relationships 101

4. Effective studying

A big part of transitioning to university life is learning how to study effectively. This ranges from learning your study style (i.e., cue cards, note taking, etc.) to finding your favourite place to study. Personally, I like to study by rewriting my notes out in an organized fashion and I study best away from home in cozy coffee shops.

On the other hand, my best friend likes to make cue cards and study at home where it's quiet. It's all about what works best for you. You also need to learn how to effectively manage your time. It's helpful to set up a schedule for when you need to study so you don't end up cramming.

7. Relationships

From new friendships to romantic relationships, university is a time to meet new people and have new experiences. It's important to always remember to love yourself first and not to change for anyone else. Make sure you surround yourself with people who uplift and support you and who make your university experience a positive one.

University is a time to meet new people and have new experiences. It's important to always remember to love yourself first and not to change for anyone else

8. Partying

Now I won't tell you not to party, but please make sure you're partying responsibly. It can be easy to fall into a routine of partying and drinking but make sure it doesn't negatively impact your studies or relationships. You're the only one who can control you, so know your limit and party safely.

9. Physical and mental health

Firstly, there are lots of amazing services offered at university. From health services to counselling services, there's lots of support if you need it. Your health should always be a priority, so be proactive about it.

Waterloo's Health Services is a great place to go if you're feeling under the weather, need a prescription, or just want a general checkup. Anything your family doctor does for you, Health Services can do for you.

If you're feeling homesick, anxious, overwhelmed or just like you need to talk to someone, don't be afraid to go to Counselling Services. They are a great support system and your mental health is very important.

Remember to take time for yourself when you need it, don't spread yourself thin, and make the most of your time at university!

Don't be afraid to ask for help, take advantage of tutoring or accessibility services if needed, they can be a ton of help

Stephen, fourth-year civil engineering student

10. Cost of an education and student debt

Money can be a huge stressor when paying for your education but there are options to help you finance university. Government aid such as the Ontario Student Assistance Program can provide loans and grants to help with your education. There are also lots of opportunity for part-time work, whether it's a part-time job on or off campus.

Personally, I worked at a coffee shop one year and I also worked part-time as a student ambassador for Waterloo. Both were great for helping me to pay off a bit of tuition and have some extra spending money. Scholarships are also a huge asset, so take the time to fill them out. I know it can seem tedious, but I was able to pay for my first year of university through the scholarships I earned.

I hope you find these tips helpful and remember that each challenge you face only helps in preparing you for the future and pushing you to become your best self.

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