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B.

1. The financial difficulties that occur after divorce are often very severve.

Divorce often leads to severe financial challenges, disrupting budgets and increasing living expenses.

1. Another major cause of stress during a divorce is loss of friends.

A significant cause of stress during a divorce is the loss of friendships, which often leaves individuals feeling abandoned and without the emotional support they need during such a challenging time.

1. For those who have to separate from their children, not seeing their children every day is extremely stressful.

For parents who are separated from their children, the absence of daily contact leads to profound emotional strain, as it deepens the challenges of maintaining a close relationship.

C.

1. Predict what stressors they will experience:

Predicting potential stressors is an essential first step for first-time college students, as it allows them to prepare mentally and emotionally for the challenges they may face.

2. Actively do things to reduce those stressors:

Actively engaging in stress-reducing activities, such as time management techniques and physical exercise, can significantly help students manage the overwhelming demands of college life.

3. Ways to strengthen their personalities:

Strengthening their personalities through self-reflection and building resilience equips students to navigate the emotional and academic pressures of college more effectively.

D.

Thesis Statement:

The three major stressors in my life-academic pressures, maintaining personal relationships, money issues for living and managing time for each subjects; each of them affects my well-being.

Topic sentences:

1. Money issues have become a big source of stress in my life, as I struggle to manage my finances while trying to meet my daily needs and long-term goals.

2. Schoolwork often affects me, as the pressure to maintain good grades and meet deadlines definitely challenges my time management and mental well-being.

3. Friend-related issues add another layer of stress, as navigating conflicts and misunderstandings with those close to me can sometimes lead to feelings of losing and emotional strain.

Opening of conclusion:

In conclusion, the three major stressors in my life are money issues, schoolwork, and friend-related conflicts, often feel like insane sources of pressure. Although these challenges can be overcontrolling at times, they have also taught me important lessons about resilience, time management, and the value of clear communication. By learning to navigate these stressors, I am gradually finding better ways to balance my responsibilities and maintain my well-being.

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B.

The person i choose is Sulli from f(x).Her death caused heartbreak for both the K-pop industry and kpop fans until now. One of the biggest stressors in Sulli’s life was the immense pressure of being a K-pop idol. From a young age, she had to follow strict rules set by her management company, constantly working to maintain a perfect image. However, when she started expressing her individuality and breaking societal expectations, she faced intense criticism from the public and the media. Online harassment and malicious comments deeply affected her mental health, making it difficult for her to cope with stress. Instead of receiving support, she was often judged and misunderstood, which further isolated her.

To deal with stress, Sulli engaged in behaviors that negatively impacted her well-being. She openly struggled with depression and anxiety, yet instead of receiving compassion, she faced even more public scrutiny. She often used social media as an outlet to express herself, but this exposed her to even more hate and cyberbullying. Additionally, the intense work schedules and lack of privacy in the entertainment industry made it harder for her to focus on self-care and mental health treatment. These factors worsened her emotional distress and made it difficult for her to find healthy coping mechanisms.

If Sulli had received more support from her management, colleagues, and fans, she might have been able to handle stress in a healthier way. Taking breaks from social media, seeking professional mental health care, and having a strong support system could have helped her manage the pressure of fame. Additionally, if the K-pop industry prioritized mental health awareness and provided better resources for idols, many artists, including Sulli, could have found the help they needed. Changing the culture around celebrity mental health could prevent future tragedies and promote a healthier entertainment industry.

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A.

synonyms

growth = development

tremendous = great

rebellion = rebelliousness

negativity = negativism

C.

I choose paragraph C. It changes the text's structure, word order and replaces both words and phrases with synonymous words and phrases.

D.

a) This version captures the essence of the original message and maintains a friendly, conversational tone. It emphasizes that late-maturing girls had a positive outlook on their experiences and highlights how they developed new interests, rather than focusing on boys.

b) This version is short and to the point, directly stating that late-maturing girls viewed their later development as a benefit. It contrasts their experiences with early-maturing girls, who were often preoccupied with boys, and emphasizes how late bloomers had the chance to explore diverse interests.

c) This paraphrase is similarly clear and succinct. It compares late-maturing girls to their early-maturing friends and underscores the advantage of being a late bloomer, particularly in terms of pursuing a variety of interests.

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Life is divided into different stages, each with unique experiences and challenges. Early adulthood (20–40 years old) is a time of exploration, career-building, and personal growth, while middle adulthood (40–65 years old) focuses more on stability, responsibility, and reflection. Although both stages involve self-improvement and progress, they differ in priorities, struggles, and sources of happiness. In early adulthood, individuals strive for independence, establish careers, and build relationships. However, they also face challenges such as financial stress, job uncertainty, and decision-making pressure. Despite this, the freedom to explore life and pursue dreams makes this stage exciting and fulfilling. Middle adulthood, on the other hand, is a period of stability and responsibility. Many individuals focus on maintaining careers, raising children, and planning for the future. However, they may experience challenges such as health concerns and the pressure of balancing work and family. Despite these struggles, middle adulthood brings a sense of accomplishment, deeper relationships, and long-term satisfaction. While both stages have their advantages, middle adulthood may be preferable for those who value stability and fulfillment. Although early adulthood offers excitement, middle adulthood allows individuals to enjoy the rewards of their hard work and experience a greater sense of purpose.

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A. Choose the best summary

a. You can get major benefits from being a good nonverbal communicator, including increased popularity, attractiveness, well-being, and success in communicating in business, school, politics, healthcare and personal situations.

This sentence serves as a perfect summary for a paragraph about gestural communication because gestures are a key part of nonverbal communication, influencing how others perceive and respond to us. Gestures enhance clarity and effectiveness in various settings, such as business, school, and personal interactions. For example, confident hand movements can make a speaker appear more persuasive, while expressive gestures can help convey emotions and intentions more clearly. Additionally, using appropriate gestures can increase attractiveness and popularity by making interactions more engaging and relatable. In professional settings like politics or healthcare, effective gestural communication can build trust and improve understanding. Overall, since gestures contribute significantly to nonverbal communication, the sentence accurately summarizes their impact on social, professional, and personal success.

B. Write summary

Dr. Paul Ekman, the real-life inspiration for Lie to Me, developed a system to detect lies by analyzing micro expressions, but while trained experts like the FBI and CIA may use it successfully, most people cannot reliably tell if someone is lying just by their facial expressions.

C. Choose the best summary

4. How we use our eyes plays a very important role in our everyday communication and in our relationship.

This sentence is a perfect summary for a paragraph about eye communication because it highlights the essential role of eye behavior in daily interactions and relationships. Eye contact conveys confidence, honesty, and engagement, while avoiding eye contact can signal discomfort or dishonesty. Additionally, eye movements help regulate conversations, showing when someone is interested, distracted, or ready to speak. In relationships, expressive eye contact strengthens emotional connections and enhances understanding between individuals. Since eye communication influences both verbal and nonverbal interactions, this sentence effectively captures its importance in human connection.

D. Matching

a. 4

b. 2

c. 5

d. 1

e. 6

f. 3

g. 7

E. Choose the best summary

Our facial expressions can express how we feel, hide how we feel, and even affect how we feel. Common facial expressions, such as happiness or fear, easily express how we feel and are fairly easy to interpret. We are also, however, capable of putting expressions on our faces that deceive people and don't allow them to perceive what we are really feeling. Finally, according to the facial feedback hypothesis, it seems that simply adopting a certain facial expression can influence our emotional state.

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Handbook on Nonverbal Communication in Vietnam

1. Gestures

Nodding and Shaking Head: Nodding typically means agreement or understanding, while shaking the head may indicate disagreement. However, subtle differences exist, so context is key.

Pointing: It’s considered rude to point with a finger. Instead, use your whole hand or a gesture with your chin to indicate direction or objects.

Hand Gestures: The "OK" sign (thumb and index finger forming a circle) can be interpreted as vulgar in Vietnam. Use caution with hand gestures

2. Facial Expressions

Smiling: A smile is often used to convey politeness or to ease tension. It may not always indicate happiness; it can also be a response to discomfort or embarrassment.

Seriousness: In formal situations, maintaining a serious expression demonstrates respect, especially in business or when meeting elders.

3. Eye Communication

Eye Contact: Direct eye contact is generally acceptable but can vary based on context. In formal situations or with elders, prolonged eye contact may be seen as disrespectful.

Looking Down: In conversations, especially with authority figures or elders, it’s common to lower one’s gaze as a sign of respect.

4. Touch

Handshakes: Handshakes are common in formal settings. A gentle grip is preferred. Men may shake hands with each other, while women may prefer a slight bow or nod instead.

Hugging: Hugging is less common in Vietnamese culture and is generally reserved for close friends and family.

Physical Contact: Touching someone’s head is considered disrespectful, as the head is seen as the most sacred part of the body.

5. Space

Personal Space: The concept of personal space varies. In crowded areas, people may stand closer than in Western cultures. However, during conversations, maintaining a respectful distance is important, especially with elders.

Seating Arrangements: When sitting, the most senior person typically sits first and chooses where to sit. It’s polite to wait for them to indicate where others should sit.

Tips for Visitors

Be Observant: Pay attention to how locals use nonverbal cues. Mimicking their behavior can enhance your interactions.

Respect Cultural Norms: Always be respectful of elders and authority figures. Use nonverbal communication that aligns with local customs.

Avoid Assumptions: Interpret gestures and expressions in context; nonverbal cues can vary widely based on the situation and relationship dynamics.

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Reading 1 - Exercise 5

1. What having a friend and being a friend means to me?

Friendship is one of the most important parts of life. Having a friend means having someone who understands me, supports me, and shares both my joys and struggles. A true friend is someone I can trust, someone who listens without judging, and someone who stands by me no matter what. Friends make life more meaningful, bringing laughter and comfort even in difficult times.

But friendship is not just about receiving—it is also about giving. Being a good friend means being there for others, offering kindness, and showing respect. It means listening when they need to talk, helping when they are in trouble, and celebrating their successes without jealousy. A real friendship is built on honesty, loyalty, and care.

To me, having a friend and being a friend means creating a bond based on trust and understanding. It is about being present for each other, not just when times are good, but also when things get tough. Friendship is a two-way street where both people give and receive, making life brighter and more fulfilling.
Ex 3A:

When meeting someone new whom you want to get to know, use the following nonverbal and verbal behaviors:

Nonverbal Behaviors:

1. Smile: Creates a welcoming atmosphere.

2. Eye Contact: Shows interest and confidence.

3. Open Body Language: Demonstrates relaxation and approachability.

4. Nod: Indicates attentiveness and understanding.

5. Respect Personal Space: Maintain a comfortable distance.

Verbal Behaviors:

1. Introduce Yourself: Start with a friendly introduction.

2. Ask Open-Ended Questions: Encourage deeper conversation.

3. Listen Actively: Reflect on what they say to show you’re engaged.

4. Share Personal Information: Balance the conversation with personal insights.

5. Express Interest: Use affirmations to show your engagement.

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Stages of the Relationships:

My friendship with a college peer followed the typical developmental stages described in psychological literature. We began at the "initiating stage", engaging in superficial conversations, which aligns with readings that emphasize this phase as one of exploration. As we progressed into the "deepening stage", sharing personal stories fostered intimacy and trust, echoing the idea that self-disclosure strengthens bonds.

In contrast, my romantic relationship started with a strong "attraction phase", where physical chemistry and shared values drew us together. This connection quickly led to the "exploratory stage", where compatibility became evident, reinforcing the matching hypothesis from our readings.

Reasons for Attraction and Needs Served:

Attraction in my friendship emerged from shared interests, while my romantic connection thrived on emotional intimacy and physical attraction. Each relationship satisfied different needs: my friendship provided emotional support, echoing the idea that friends enhance well-being, while my romantic partner fulfilled my needs for love and companionship, in line with attachment theory.