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Matter is anything that has

mass and takes up space.

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An atom is a small particle that is a building block of matter.

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A substance is matter with a composition that is always the same.

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An element is a substance that consists of just one type of atom.

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A compound is a type of substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are physically blended together. The amounts of the substances can vary in different parts of a mixture and from mixture to mixture.

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mixture. A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the individual substances are not evenly mixed. Because the substances in a heterogeneous mixture are not evenly mixed, two samples of the same mixture can have different amounts of the substances.

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A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the

individual substances are evenly mixed. In a homogeneous

mixture, the particles of individual substances are so small

and well mixed that you cannot see them, even under a microscope.

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To dissolve means to form a

solution by mixing evenly.

Because the substances in a solution, or homogeneous

mixture, are evenly mixed, two samples from a solution will

have the same amounts of each substance.

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Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is a size-

dependent property of a given substance because its value

depends on the size of a sample.

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A physical property is a characteristic of matter that you

can observe or measure without changing the identity

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Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve in

another. The drink powder is soluble in water, but sand is

not. The table below explains how physical properties such

as conductivity and solubility can be used to identify

objects and separate mixtures.

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A physical

change is a change in size, shape, form, or state of matter in which the

matter’s identity stays the same. During a physical change, the

matter does not become something different even though

physical properties change.

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A chemical property is a characteristic

of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of

matter. For example, can you tell by just looking at paper

that it will burn easily? The only way to know that paper

burns is to bring a flame near the paper and watch it burn.

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a chemical change is a

change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter

change into other substances with new physical and chemical

properties. When iron undergoes a chemical change with

oxygen, rust forms. The substances that undergo a change

no longer have the same properties because they no longer

have the same identity.

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The amount of substance in a certain volume is the

concentration of the substance. A reaction occurs faster if the

concentration of at least one reactant increases.