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Description:

Free climbing is a style of rock climbing where climbers use only their

hands, feet, and gear for safety (like ropes and harnesses)

but not to assist in upward movement. It focuses on using physical strength and technique,

with gear solely for protection to prevent falls. Free climbing means using no form of artificial

or mechanical aid to help progression in ascending a route. There are various sub-disciplines within free climbing, including: bouldering, sport climbing, multi-pitch climbing and trad climbing.

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Free climbing emerged in 1950s and 1960s, influenced by climbers like Royal Robbins in the U.S., who wanted to climb in a more natural and pure way without using gear for assistance. It developed as a way to test human limits and promote skill and mental focus, foucsing on the respect for the environment and personal challenge.

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1. No Aid tools - in free climbing, climbers don't use artificial aids, but they do use ropes for safety in case they fall;

2. No pulling on the rope;

3. Route reading;

4. Respecting the place they chose to climb on and leave the area as they found it;

5. Wear proper safety gear;

6. Practice controlled falls and understand the terrain you're climbing;

7. Climbers should always be aware of their ability level and climb routes appropriate for their skill;

8. They should practice climbing on real rocks and/or climbing walls to improve their skills and confidence while climbing.

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https://climbingjunkie.com/what-is-a-free-climb/

https://www.insure4sport.co.uk/blog/rock-climbing-equipment/

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1. Harness;

2. Belay device;

3. Carabiners;

4. Quickdraws;

5. Climbing cams;

6. Climbing helmet;

7. Climbing shoes;

8. Chalk bag;

9. Chalk;

10. Climbing tape;

11. Crash mat.

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Alex Honnold.

The frist 'free solo' climb of El Capitan was achieved by Alex Honnold (USA) in Yosemite National Park California, USA, on 3 june 2017, he climbed the entire 2,900ft (884m) franite monolith in 3 hours and 56 minutes

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free climbing continues to expand, driven by a passion for adventure, community, and the thrill of scaling natural rock formations. As the sport evolves, it retains its core values of respect for nature and the pursuit of personal challenges, fostering a vibrant and inclusive climbing culture worldwide.

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free climbing is generally considered to be the IFSC(Internation Federation of Sport Climbimg). This event encompasses various disciplines, including lead climbing, bouldering, and speed climbing, attracting top climbers from around the globe.

Another significant competition is the Rock Master Festival in Arco(Italy),which features both bouldering and lead climbing competitions and is known for its festive atmosphere and high level of competition.

In recent years, climbing has gained more visibility and recognition, especially with its inclusion in the Olympic Games, starting from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, where climbing was featured for the first time.

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1-Freedom and autonomy

2-Adventurous spirit

3-Personal expression

4-Psychological and physical challenges

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Free Climbing transcends mere sporting activity, incorporating values of freedom, community, responsibility, and self-expression that resonate strongly in contemporary culture.

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Description:

Base jumping is an extreme sport where participants jump from fixed objects such as buildings, cliffs, or bridges, using a parachute to break their fall. "BASE" stands for the four types of objects from which they jump: Buildings, Antennas, Spans (bridges), and Earth (cliffs).

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Base jumping is a very dangerous sport, in According to BLiNC Magazine, a website dedicated to the sport, more than 425 people have died while BASE jumping since 1981. It originated in the USA in the late 1970s, with early jumps being made by pioneers like Carl Boenish, who is often credited with popularizing the sport.

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1.Training and Experience: Always undergo proper training and gain experience through skydiving before attempting BASE jumps.

2.Equipment Checks: Use appropriate BASE jumping gear, including a BASE-specific parachute system, which is designed for lower altitudes and slower speeds.

3.Jump with a Partner: Whenever possible, jump with others.

4.Plan the Jump: Create a detailed plan that includes the jump altitude, exit point, approach, landing area, and emergency procedures.

5.Use a Reserve Parachute: Always carry a reserve parachute and know how to deploy it properly in case of a main parachute malfunction.

6.Emergency Procedures: Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures, including how to handle malfunctions and how to navigate safely to your landing zone.

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Valery Rozov On October 5, 2016, Rozov broke his own record for highest altitude BASE jump when he leapt from a height of 7,700 metres (25,300 ft)

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BASE jumping has evolved from a niche practice to a global activity, with a passionate and growing community. Despite the associated challenges and risks, the sport continues to attract new practitioners in search of adrenaline and new experiences, always with a focus on safety and responsibility.

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Events such as the "Red Bull Aces" and the "Base Jumping World Cup" are popular, attracting competitors from many different countries and offering an exciting spectacle for sports lovers. These competitions not only test the skill of the participants, but also promote safety and innovation in jumping techniques, contributing to the development of the sport.

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conclusion:

Base jumping transcends mere sporting activity, incorporating elements of life philosophy, camaraderie, individual expression, and a deep connection with the environment. These facets help to understand their cultural significance within contemporary society.