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The Middle East has been the main site for the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. They have been part of many fund, train, and equipping opposing sides in various conflicts. Both states, however, haven't actually been part of a direct attack between each other. In fact, their involvement in local battles around the Middle East have been considered as contributions for the deaths of thousands of people in Syria. Also bringing to starvation millions of people in Yemen. Basically, a conflict affecting the prosperity of a whole region.

Actors: Iran, Saudi Arabia

Events: Yemen Civil War, Syrian Civil War

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Upon the rise of civil war in Libya, NATO saw itself forced to step in a military intervention, to stop the civil war in a ceasefire, and further avoid the loss of civilian lives and more crimes against humanity. Upon the successful intervention, Muammar Gaddafi's empire came to a halt.

Actors: NATO, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Events: Bombing of cruise missiles, killing of Muammar Gaddafi

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A border conflict erupted in 2021 about an illegal trespass of Azerbaijani into the regions of Syunik and Gegharkunki, due to the fact about the Azerbaijan government expanding its troops into Armenia territory, despite the warnings advised by the international and european community, which has also implied violations to law policies and caused several ceasefires.

Actors: Armenia–Azerbaijan

Events: Military oppositions in July 2021, Troops clash of September 2022

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From violent crackdowns coming from religious beliefs, the military army of Myanmar has dedicated themselves to commit genocides regarding the existence of the Rohingya, without any other support from the outside to help the Rohingya.

The actors in this conflict are the the government, the Tatmadaw who is the military force in Myanmar, Rakhine Buddhists, and the Rohingya.

In 1982, the Parliament passed a law in which the Rohingya and other minorities were excluded from citizenship because of their ethnicity. In recent years, the Rohingya rebel group, known as ARSA, has attacked several military posts, however the military responded with a disproportionate attack on Rohingya villages that destroy them. This lead to more than 700,000 Rohingya flee to Bangladesh.

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As a difference between both actors, Israel has a strong military equipment and warfare, in contrast with Palestine, which decided to attack in asymmetric tactics, like gunfights and knife attacks.

Actors: Palestine, Israel

Events: Hamas Terrorist Attack, Gaza Bombings

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The ongoing crisis in Ukraine has been caused due the violation of Russia from international law, its independence has already established a freedom from Russia’s totalitarian regime for more than 30 years. However, for almost a decade, Ukraine has highly attempted to demonstrate their ultimate independence from Russia’s violation of sovereignty.

Actors: Ukraine, Russia

Events: Kiev Bombings, Russia's Alliance

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In 2012, the violence erupted in the Central African Republic as the Séléka, a coalition of rebel factions, accused the government of violating peace agreements. In the following year, the mainly Muslim Séléka rebels ousted President Francois Bozize and forcibly seized power. A transitional government was then established and entrusted with restoring peace. However, the ex-Seleka rebels continued committing violent acts.

Actors: Muslim Séléka rebels, Christian anti-Balaka movement, government

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Ethnic differences in Somalia have been present for a long time within the nation. There are many subgroups like the Isaaq, Darood, and Hawiye within the Somali peoples, each with its own practices and clans. Apart from the other issues regarding this crisis, ethnicity has become the main problem currently.

Actors: Somalia, Issaq

Events: Siad Barre's government, United Somali Congress topples Barre

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The drug cartels entrenched in Mexico not only pose a significant challenge to the national government but also find themselves entangled in internal disputes for supremacy within the nation. Beyond their confrontation with the authorities, these cartels engage in fierce rivalries with one another, fighting for control over lucrative territories, drug trafficking routes, and other illicit activities. This intense competition for power often leads to violent and armed conflicts, causing considerable harm to the civilian population.

Actors: The government, major drug cartels such as the Sinaloa Cartels, Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, the Zetas.

Events: Capture of "El Chapo" Guzmán, Veracruz violence

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(De)colonization wars (about the consolidation / liberation from colonial rule)​

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This conflict between the Republic of Turkey and various Kurdish groups have demanded separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan, securing their culture and ethnicity from Turkey.

Actors: Turkey, Kurds

Events: Kurdish Rebellions, Armenian Genocide

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Since the onset of the conflict in Mali, various campaigns against the government have surfaced, reflecting the complex socio-political landscape of the region. The emergence of these campaigns has been characterized by a desire among certain factions, particularly in northern Mali, for independence or increased autonomy. The motivations behind the movements are multifaceted, rooted in historical, ethnic, economic and political factors.

Actors: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, the Malian government

Events: Tuareg Rebellion, Peace Agreement in 2015 that did not work

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The Assad family, a Syrian political family, have ruled the nation since the 1970s, provoking a reputation gained from controversy and disgrace, and causing the Syrian people to protest and demand for urgent democracy and a better government rule which doesn’t affect the prosperity for the nation to emerge properly.

Actors: Syria, Assad Family

Events: Arab Springs Protests, Free Syrian Army Emergence

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The root causes of Turkey’s Kurdish Challenge | Brookings. (2016, 28 julio). Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-root-causes-of-turkeys-kurdish-challenge/

The root causes of Turkey’s Kurdish Challenge | Brookings. (2016, 28 julio). Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-root-causes-of-turkeys-kurdish-challenge/

Symmetry in war. (s. f.). https://changingminds.org/disciplines/warfare/articles/symmetry_war.htm#:~:text=Symmetry%20in%20war%20is%20concerned,and%20tactics%20on%20either%20side.

What is interstate conflict? (s. f.). World101 from the Council on Foreign Relations. https://world101.cfr.org/understanding-international-system/conflict/what-interstate-conflict#:~:text=When%20countries%20come%20into%20conflict,full%2Dscale%20war%20has%20disappeared.

Perlez, J. (1991, 6 enero). The world; Somalia, abandoned to its own civil war with others’ weapons. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/06/weekinreview/the-world-somalia-abandoned-to-its-own-civil-war-with-others-weapons.html

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Central African Republic: Closing Civic space. (2023, June 5). Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/04/04/central-african-republic-closing-civic-space

A Timeline of Rohingya History - Burma’s Path to Genocide - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.). https://exhibitions.ushmm.org/burmas-path-to-genocide/timeline

https://www.worldvision.ca/stories/disaster-relief/central-african-republic-conflict-fast-facts

Mlh. (2018, January 30). Conflict Map of Myanmar and the Rohingya – Conflict Analysis Research Centre (CARC). https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/carc/2018/01/30/conflict-map-of-myanmar-and-the-rohingya/