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African American Art and History Calendar Book 1-3 by Oran Z

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African American Art and History Calendar Book 1-3 by Oran Z

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slideshow of books contents assembled by Ms. Amy Heffernan, Gates Middle School

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365 Days: First Graphite Transfer Composition

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GIF by Abby Norris
In 1905, a group of strong black men led by W.E.B. Du Bois met near Niagara Falls to form an organization. They called for more civil and political rights for African Americans. Their persistence in fighting against racial discrimination and segregation ultimately led to the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the civil rights movement.

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May 18th: Supreme Court Hears Arguments in Plessy v. Ferguson

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May 18th: Supreme Court Hears Arguments in Plessy v. Ferguson

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By: Caitlin Madan
The United States Supreme Court heard arguments by Homer Plessy, a Black man who had been arrested for boarding a "white only" passenger car. He argued that the state segregation law violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.May 1896, the court ruled that holding that state-mandated segregation in intrastate travel was constitutional, as long as the separate accommodations were equal. This began a start of large protests for equal rights without segregation.

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By Sorina Condon

On March 2nd 1955, Claudette Colvin at the age of 15 refused to give up her seat to a white woman. Motivated by what she had learned in school about African American history along with the U.S. Constitution

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May 20: 1961 Freedom Riders attacked by mob in Alabama

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May 20: 1961 Freedom Riders attacked by mob in Alabama

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By Sasha Afanasenko

In 1961, desegregation and civil rights activists known as the Freedom Riders tested the enforcement of the Supreme Court's decision to prohibit discrimination in interstate travel. The group was confronted with extreme violence from white southerners, but continued their trip to protest segregation in the face of danger.

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October 11: The First Negro World Series 

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October 11: The First Negro World Series 

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By Caroline Railton

The Kansas City Monarchs won the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Negro Nation League (NNL) was established in 1920.

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Phillis Wheatley GIF by Sorina Condon
On September 1st, 1773, Phillis Wheatley was the first African-American, and the second woman following Anne Bradstreet, to publish a book. Her book, Poems on Various Subjects, Religion and Moral, contributed to the fight to show how equally creative, intelligent, and articulate black citizens are. Her work has been credited towards the start of the abolition movement. Phillis' first name originates from the boat she sailed in on from London. After being kidnapped: Phillis was sold to the Wheatley Family in Boston, Massachusetts. Despite being enslaved from the age of 7, Phillis educated herself with the help of the Wheatley family and the various bibles she was allowed to read. Nathaniel Wheatley took Phillis to London to give her the ability to publish her book, as his wife believed would be best. He promised to grant her freedom when she returned, and he did just that in 1774. She continued her work as an anti-slavery advocate in America when granted her freedom.

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April 4:  author Maya Angelou was born, 1928

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April 4:  author Maya Angelou was born, 1928

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by Alexandra Pacheco

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GIF by Cooper Grant

In 1870, Richard Greener became the first African American to graduate from Harvard.

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By Ciara Callanan

In 1979 Frank E. Peterson Jr. became the first African American U.S. Marine Corps general.

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GIF by Louisa Kinsley
On December 1, 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began, sparked by Rosa Parks, as she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus. Rosa Parks's bravery was very significant in paving the way for the civil rights movement.

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GIF by Matthew Short
The Amistad was a Spanish slave ship which had captured Africans from Sierra Leone. After one of the captives managed to escape from his chains and help several others escape as well, they took over the ship, and were eventually towed into New London, CT. They were faced with slavery and execution, but two court cases, one in Connecticut court, and one in the Supreme Court, voted in favor of them, and they were set free.

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Julia Levenson

Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five (later on the Hot Seven) made some of the most influential music in jazz history.

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Gif by Molly Boyle
Althea Gibson grew up in a time where segregation limited African Americans' opportunities in sports. But, in 1956 she was the first to win the French Open and then went on to win Wimbledon, the Italian National Championship and the Asian Championship.

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On May 27, 1958, Ernest Green became the first black student to graduate from Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. He was among the group of black teens - known as the Little Rock Nine - who had integrated the school in 1957.

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by Jordan Gardner

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June 12, 1991, Michael Jordan’s 1st NBA Championship

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June 12, 1991, Michael Jordan’s 1st NBA Championship

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Michael Jordan earned his first NBA championship in 1991, as he led the Chicago Bulls to their first-ever championship. The Bulls had finished with the best record in the league that season. This was one of Michael's greatest achievements, and he's been a huge inspiration to so many around the world. He is also admired for his gratitude and humbleness.

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October 15: 1966 Black Panther Party formed in Oakland, CA

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October 15: 1966 Black Panther Party formed in Oakland, CA

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The Panther Party's members confronted politicians, challenged the police, and protected black citizens from brutality. From 1967 to 1971, Cleaver was the Panthers' communications secretary, committed to eradicating the injustices that she continued to witness. Read more about the group's formation here: https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/black-panther-party-challenging-police-and-promoting-social-change

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By Casey Blanchard

Jimi Hendrix dies at 27 after a long career in music.

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April 12 - The American Civil War begins - David Murphy

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April 12 - The American Civil War begins - David Murphy

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On the dawn of April 12th 1861, rebel forces in South Carolina fired their guns in the first ever battle of the Civil War, shelling Fort Sumter after the fort refused to surrender. Most historians note this day as the beginning of the American Civil War. In the following months, 11 slave states seceded from the Union to officially declare the creation of the Confederate States of America. What followed would be the most deadly war in American history, lasting 4 years and costing the United States over 600,000 lives. However by the end of the war, slavery would finally be abolished once and for all.

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By Emily Quinn
Bessie Coleman was the first female African-American pilot. She went to France to learn to fly, because she wasn't able to in America. Once she had learned, she opened a flight school for women of all races in the United States.

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Gif by Manny Grant
Jackie Robinson was the first ever black MLB player in history. He has made a way for not only black MLB players but for other races to make the major leagues.

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by: Nadia Anacleto
Wangari Maathai was an environmental activist, scientist, and Assistant Minister for Environment and Natural Resources in Kenya who became the first African woman to receive a Nobel Prize for her work in the Green Belt Movement (GBM) in Kenya.

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Gif by Chloe Ross

Prince performs at Plaza de Toros in Malaga, Spain August 8, 1998.

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by: Zack Nidositko

Jimi Hendrix was an american musician who's work was revolutionary. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential singers, songwriters, and guitarists ever.

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GIF by Nora Lindblom
On July 22, 1963, American professional boxer Sonny Liston knocked out Floyd Patterson in just two minutes and six seconds.

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By: Christian Pitten
On March 28th, 1990 Jesse Owens received the Congressional Gold Medal

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By- Charlie Hoover
Meredith started a 220- mile walk on foot.In 1962 he was the first black person to enroll to the University of Mississippi. He told reporters he was doing this “to challenge the all-pervasive overriding fear."

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By Jason Bellucci
On October 29, 1974 Muhammad Ali, also known as Cassius Clay beat George Foreman in the Heavyweight title.  Muhammad Ali wins the heavyweight title in front of 60,000 people. The match took place in Kinshasa which is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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April 15th: Jackie Robinson debut in the MLB by Thomas McMellen

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April 15th: Jackie Robinson debut in the MLB by Thomas McMellen

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He was the first black man to play in the MLB.

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By Meyer Gack
Willie O'Ree was was the first ever Black NHL player to every play in a game on January 18th, 1958. Players remember him today as a historic cornerstone in NHL history.

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GIF by Kelsea Lee
In December of 1971, PUSH (People United To Serve Humanity) was founded by Jesse Jackson. He created PUSH help advance Economic Status of African Americans.

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By Isabella Monteiro

Isaac Hathaway was a famous black sculptor born in 1872. When he was just a kid his father took him to a muesam where there were many sculptures of famous white men but not one black man. He was determined to make a changed and atteneded several universitys including the State University of New York. Here he studied art and later went on to sculpt, teach, and desighn the furst U.S coin to feature an African American man. This man was Booker T. Washington and he was feautured on the coin in 1946.

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By Olivia Marinucci

On November 12, 1922, the Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority was founded. It was organized in Indianapolis, Indiana by seven young educators striving for positive change to help uplift their community.

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By: Sydney Lydon
This Gif represents when Carl Lewis won his 4th consecutive Olympic Gold Medal in 1996. This pictire is of him entering the finish line with confetti and firework popping above him.

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By Liam Harrington
American Abolitonist and Womens rights activist
1797-1883
"Truth is powerful, and it prevails"

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Edward Waters College was founded

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April 9th: 1866 Congress passes the Civil Rights Act

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April 9th: 1866 Congress passes the Civil Rights Act

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By: Sophie Cahoon
On this day Congress passed the Civil Rights Act which declared that all people born in the United States were U.S. citizens. They were allowed rights like owning property and being able to sue in court.

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GIF by Daimani Pagan
Ronald Erwin McNair was an American NASA astronaut and physicist. He died during the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, in which he was serving as one of three mission specialists in a crew of seven

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Illustration by Lauren Mann

On September 8th 1986, Oprah Winfrey aired the first episode of her talk show. This show helped Winfrey become the United States’ first Black multi-billionaire and helped make her one of the most influential people in the world and its television legacy will be felt forever.

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Fats Domino played his hit song Blueberry hills on CBS

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Melissa Grazioso
Wilma Rudolph was an American track and field athlete who ran in the 1956, and 1960 summer Olympics. She broke three world records, and became the first African American female to win three gold medals for track and field at the Olympics. She survived both polio and scarlet fever, resulting in the need of a leg brace at a young age. Despite being told she may never walk again she went on to break world records, and shed light on social issues.

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GIF by Brooke McCarthy

Toni Morrison was an American novelist, essayists, book editor, and college professor who is best known for creating several books.

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By Sarah Fogarty

Rosa Parks was an American Civil Rights Activist who refused to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man. This was known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama in 1955-1956.

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By Stella Bulman

Coretta Scott King was a civil rights activist, author, singer, actor, and much more. She was the wife of Martin Luther king, and advocated along side him for African American rights and became a leader in the movements.

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By Jakob Henderson

1963 Cassius Clay wins firsts Heavyweight fight

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June 6 - 1869 Opening of Dillard University

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June 6 - 1869 Opening of Dillard University

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GIF by Claire Murray
Dillard University is a private, historically black university in New Orleans, Louisiana. Founded in 1930 and incorporating earlier institutions that were founded as early as 1869 after the American Civil War, it is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the United Methodist Church. Below is was the founder of the college with a student.

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By Tate Norman
On October 8th, the YMCA in Harlem was established

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Marvin Gay was born, Marvin went on to be a world renowned musician and pioneer in the Motown sound.

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illustration by by Eddie O’Donnell
Mahalia Jackson was a gospel singer. Her beautiful voice brought light to racial injustices.

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He invented the automatic gear shift for cars. He had eight patents to his name and was mostly focused on automobile mechanics.  He also worked as a mechanic, a saloon keeper, and a barber.

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art by Ava Dukhon
This riot was one of the worst riots of World War 2, revolving around police brutality and black migrants entering the city. It involved a lot of violence and ended with 34 people dead, 25 who were black, mainly murdered by the police, and 9 who were white, who died while in a fight.

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Jackie Robinson was the first African American in the MLB.

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January 20: First National Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday celebration

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January 20: First National Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday celebration

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GIF by Louisa Kinsley
On January 20, 1986, the first national Martin Luther King Jr. Day  was celebrated, almost twenty years after his death.  Martin Luther King Jr. left a lasting impact on the world, as he was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize.  His leadership in the civil rights movement was vital, as he was supported by so many people, and played a major role in changing the way society thought about race and inequality.

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Gif by John Driscoll

Woodson created the predecessor to Black History Month, _____ History Week. This took place on the second week of February, it recognized and celebrated black history.

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by Emma Braun
Marsha P. Johnson was one of the most prominent figures of the gay rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s in New York City.  The photograph recreated here as a drawing shows Johnson at her own party in uptown NYC before going to the Stonewall Inn on the corner of Christopher Street and 7th Avenue, where the Stonewall Riot (Uprising) started on June 28th. After Stonewall, Johnson's activism continued—she joined the Gay Liberation Front, ACT UP, and cofounded the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR) with Sylvia Rivera.  Johnson was an important advocate for homeless LGBTQ+ youth, those effected by H.I.V. and AIDS, and gay and transgender rights.

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April 13th - novelist Nella Larson was born

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April 13th - novelist Nella Larson was born

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by Ashley Doherty

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Jan 20, 2021 Kamala Harris, the first female and first black Vice President of the United States of America

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Jan 20, 2021 Kamala Harris, the first female and first black Vice President of the United States of America

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illustration by Juliet Racette

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February 11th: Nelson Mandela Released From Prison

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February 11th: Nelson Mandela Released From Prison

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By Kendall Zarycki

On February 11th, Nelson Mandela was released from prison., after a 27 year sentence.  Nelson Mandela was a politician and activist, and was the first black president of South Africa.

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Amanda Gorman is a poet and activist who uses her words to fight against oppression of race and gender. On January 20th, 2021, Amanda preformed her poem "The Hill We Climb" at the inauguration of Joe Biden in Washington D.C. She was the youngest inaugural poet in U.S. History along with a multi-award winning writer and Harvard graduate. Her words have taken her so far in life and she is pulling the nation along with her.

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February 21st: 1965 Malcolm X Assassinated

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February 21st: 1965 Malcolm X Assassinated

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Malcolm X was a civil rights activist, encouraging people of color to fight for their rights. His death was a symbol for members of the black community to continue to work towards equality.

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On February 17th Micheal Jordan was born. He has made an impact on many and some would argue that he is best basketball player of all time.

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Matthew Carolan

On February 1, 1901, Langston Hughes was born, and would grow up to become one of the most influential black poets in the United States, and the world.

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Emma Braun
On February 15th, 1968, Henry Lewis became the first Black conductor and music director of a major American orchestra.
I am also not sure why it added a pinkish film over the image

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By Maeve Cochran

In 1995, Bernard Harris became the first African American astronaut to walk in space.

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By Colin Jamison

Hank Aaron was an American professional baseball player who played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball, from 1954 through 1976.

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By Brian Lannon
Jack Johnson was a famous Boxer. He was the first African American to win the world heavyweight award.

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February 19: William Edward Burghardt DuBois 

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February 19: William Edward Burghardt DuBois 

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By: Sumner Harris
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. On Feb. 19th 1919, the first Pan-African Congress took place and DuBois was at the center of its proceedings.

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by Arden O'Connell

Oscar Micheaux was a the first African American to make a film. He wrote, directed, and produced the film.

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By Molly Lovering
On this day, the NAACP was founded by a group consisting of W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, and others concerned with the challenges facing African Americans. The goal was to secure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights in order to eliminate race-based discrimination.

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Feb 26, 1928 - Antoine “Fats” Dominoe is born

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Feb 26, 1928 - Antoine “Fats” Dominoe is born

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GIF by Reid Fulton