# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
'Keep your eyes on the stars and your feet on the ground'

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Hi!

My name is Arwin Patrick (D20212098839), from Tamparuli, Sabah. I'm taking a Bachelor's Degree in Education(Biology) as my major, and physics as a minor at UPSI. Currently, I am in the fourth semester and still looking forward to finishing another four semesters to complete my first degree.

# data[].attributes.body
Hi everyone!

My name is Darsheni and I am 24 years old. I am current pursuing Bachelor of Education (Biology) with honors in semester 4. A girl from Kuala Lumpur with a passion in nature and wildlife conservation. When I'm not doing my assignments, I would be reading fantasy books or watching true crime documentaries. My short term goal in life is to graduate with minimum 3.9 CGPA while my long term goal is doing my PHD in wildlife conservation. When I picture my future, I am living in a small apartment filled with plants and working as a wildlife biologist.

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why are gazan's having lack of water?learn more about gaza's water crisis here

01

Bb

02

Carbs Metabolism.By; ARWIN

03

Protein MetabolismBy : IZZAH

learn what happens to thirsty proteins

04

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur

05

Aerobic and Anaerobic MetabolismBy. Mex

learn what happens to thirsty aerobic and anaerobic

06

THIRSTY TRUTHS

unraveling THE IMPACT OF DEHYDRATION ON OUR METABOLIC HARMONY based on the current water crisis in gaza

Learn what happens to thirsty enzymes

learn what happens to thirsty lipids

learn what happens to thirsty carbohydrates

learn what happens to thirsty lipids

Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that play essential roles in the structure and function of living cells. They are a class of biomolecules that includes fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are characterized by their hydrophobic nature, meaning they are not soluble in water.

Here are some key types of lipids

Fats (Triglycerides)Fats are the most common type of lipids. They are composed of three fatty acid molecules bonded to a glycerol molecule. Fats serve as a long-term energy storage form in organisms.

PhospholipidsPhospholipids have a structure similar to fats, but one of the fatty acid molecules is replaced by a phosphate group. Phospholipids are vital components of cell membranes, as they form a lipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell.

SteroidsSteroids have a distinct structure composed of four fused carbon rings. Examples of steroids include cholesterol and hormones like estrogen and testosterone. Cholesterol is a crucial component of cell membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various hormones.

LipoproteinsLipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins. They transport lipids in the bloodstream and play a crucial role in lipid metabolism.

Lipids serve several important functions in biological systems, including:

Lipid metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that involve the synthesis, breakdown, storage, and utilization of lipids (fats) in living organisms.

Imagine a busy kitchen Think of your body as a busy kitchen where lipids are the essential ingredients for various dishes.

1. Lipid Synthesis (Recipe Preparation)

In one corner, there's a chef (your liver) busy crafting new recipes (lipids) from the raw ingredients available (nutrients in your body). This chef is creating a variety of fatty acids and triglycerides, much like a chef preparing different dishes.

2. Energy Production (Meal Preparation)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

3. Energy Production (Meal Preparation)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

4. Bloodstream (Emergency Services)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

4. Ketogenesis (Emergency Reserves)

Sometimes, the kitchen faces a sudden shortage of ingredients, like during a hectic day or fasting. In response, a team (liver) kicks in to produce quick emergency reserves (ketone bodies), a bit like a chef preparing quick snacks when the main ingredients are running low.

4. Hormone Regulations (Chef's Instruction)

The head chef (hormones like insulin and glucagon) provides instructions, regulating the overall cooking process. Insulin encourages storage, ensuring excess ingredients are neatly put away, while glucagon signals for the release of stored ingredients when energy is needed urgently.

3. Energy Production (Meal Preparation)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

4. Bloodstream (Emergency Services)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

Lipid Digestion and Absorption

Lipid digestion is the process by which large dietary lipids, such as triglycerides, are broken down into smaller components, primarily fatty acids and glycerol. This process occurs in the digestive system, starting in the stomach and continuing in the small intestine. Enzymes, including lipases, play a crucial role in this breakdown, transforming complex lipids into forms that can be absorbed.

Lipid absorption is the uptake of the breakdown products of lipids, specifically fatty acids and glycerol, into the cells of the small intestine. This absorption takes place through the mucosal cells lining the small intestine. Once absorbed, these components are transported into the bloodstream and lymphatic system, where they can be utilized for energy or stored for future use.

The process of lipid digestion and absorption primarily occurs during the fed state, which is the period following a meal when nutrients are being absorbed and utilized by the body.

Lipid Transportation

The transport of lipids in the bloodstream involves specialized carriers called lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complex structures composed of lipids (such as triglycerides and cholesterol) and proteins. These carriers help transport lipids through the water-based bloodstream, as lipids are hydrophobic and do not dissolve well in blood.

Origin: Formed in the small intestine after the digestion and absorption of dietary fats.Composition: Contains a high proportion of triglycerides. Function: Transports dietary fats from the intestines to various tissues. Chylomicrons are too large to enter capillaries directly and release their contents through lipoprotein lipase.

Lipogenesis

Lipogenesis is the process by which the body synthesizes lipids, specifically fatty acids and triglycerides, from simpler building blocks such as carbohydrates (primarily glucose) and other substrates. This anabolic process occurs in various tissues, with the liver and adipose tissue being key players in lipid synthesis.

Click here for a cheat sheet

Lipolysis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Lipolysis is the biological process by which triglycerides, the storage form of fats, are broken down into their constituent components-fatty acids and glycerol. This process is crucial for the mobilization of stored energy from adipose tissue and provides substrates that can be used for energy production by various tissues in the body.

Beta-Oxidation

Click here for a cheat sheet

Ketogenesis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Ketolysis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Cholesterol Syntesis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Now that you know all the concepts of lipid metabolism,

Let's look at the steps involved in all those processes.

Click on the image above for your recipe book

Lipid Metabolism in Gazans with Limited Water Access

In a war zone such as Gaza where there is limited access to water, the challenges of sustaining proper nutrition and hydration become pronounced. Lipid metabolism, being a fundamental aspect of energy balance, can be significantly impacted in such conditions.

Why?

Limited Food Supply: War zones often face disruptions in the food supply chain, leading to scarcity and inadequate nutritional intake. When food is scarce, the body may rely more on stored energy reserves, including triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. Fasting and Lipolysis: Extended periods of limited food availability may result in fasting conditions. During fasting, the body initiates lipolysis, breaking down stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol to provide energy for essential functions. Ketogenesis as an Energy Source: Prolonged fasting can lead to the production of ketone bodies through ketogenesis. Ketones, derived from fatty acid breakdown, can serve as an alternative energy source, particularly for the brain, reducing the dependence on glucose. Dehydration and Impact on Lipid Metabolism: Limited access to water can contribute to dehydration, affecting overall metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism. Dehydration may alter the balance of hormones involved in lipid metabolism, impacting the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis.

Why?

Energy Conservation: In a war scenario with limited resources, the body tends to prioritize energy conservation. Lipid metabolism becomes crucial for maintaining energy balance, and the body may prioritize the use of stored fats to sustain vital functions. Nutrient Utilization Efficiency: Efficient utilization of available nutrients becomes critical in such conditions. The body may adapt to maximize the use of available lipids for energy production, ensuring the preservation of essential tissues and functions. Health Implications: Prolonged reliance on lipid metabolism without sufficient access to a balanced diet can lead to nutritional deficiencies and health complications. Malnutrition, especially with inadequate intake of essential nutrients, can further exacerbate the challenges faced in a war zone. Medical Considerations: Healthcare in war zones must address the nutritional needs of individuals, providing interventions to mitigate the impact of limited resources on lipid metabolism. Proper medical care becomes essential to monitor and manage metabolic health.

IMPACT OF DEHYDRATION ON LIPID METABOLISM

02

Learn what happens to thirsty enzymes

Check out how many water molecules are surrounding the structure of the human salivary amylase!

What will happen to each class of enzymes if there is no water ?

01

Learn About The Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action. Click on each Subtopic to Watch Videos, Access Simplified Notes and Listen to Podcast Sessions. Remember to Pay Attention to Understand the Topics Easily.

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES

COFACTORS & COENZYMES

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES

6 CLASSES OF ENZYMES

ENZYMES AND ACTIVATION ENERGY

Introduction to enzymes catalysis

Induced fit model

SIMPLE introduction to enzyme kinetics

02

Learn About Kinetics of Enzymatic Activity. Click on each Subtopic to Watch Videos, Access Simplified Notes and Listen to Podcast Sessions. Remember to Pay Attention to Understand the Topics Easily.

What will happen to enzyme catalysis process THEre if there is no water?

LET'S TAKE A DEEPER DIVE

Michaelis Menten equation

LET'S UNDERSTAND MORE DEEPLY

Michaelis Menten & Lineweaver-Burk Plot

LET'S learn more

Steady states

What happens to enzymatic regulations when there is lack of water ?

03

Learn About the Regulation of Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibition. Click on each Subtopic to Watch Videos, Access Simplified Notes and Listen to Podcast Sessions. Remember to Pay Attention to Understand the Topics Easily.

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYME REGULATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYME INHIBITION

SPECIAL ALLOSTERIC ENZYMES

TYPES OF INHIBITION & FEEBBACK INHIBITION

GRAPHS OF INHIBITION

What will happen to THE STRUCTURE of enzymes if there is no water?

04

Try to Test your Knowledge of Enzymes! Check Out The Quiz Links Provided.

COFACTORS & COENZYMES

CLASSES OF ENZYMES

ENZYME KINETICS

ENZYME INHIBITION

COFACTORS & COENZYMES

learn what happens to thirsty proteins

what is carbohydrates?

molecule of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates represent the predominant source of energy for plants and animals. In food, monosaccharide and disaccharide carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose) are responsible for the attribute of sweetness. Carbohydrates form the most widespread organic compounds in the biosphere and are major constituents of most fruits, vegetables, legumes, and cereal grains (Sadasivam, 2022).

carbohydrate with water

carbohydrate without water

types of carbohydrate

What happens to thirsty aerobic and anaerobic?

ANAEROBIC ZONE

AEROBIC ZONE

References

Johnson, K. A. (2008). Role of induced fit in enzyme specificity: a molecular forward/reverse switch. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(39), 26297-26301.

Gerhartz, B., Niestroj, A. J., & Demuth, H. U. (2002). Enzyme classes and mechanisms. Proteinase and peptidase inhibition: recent potential targets for drug development. London and New York: Taylor and Francis, 1-20.

Tsou, C. L. (1993). Conformational flexibility of enzyme active sites. Science, 262(5132), 380-381.

Proteins are essential macromolecules that have diverse functions in living organisms. They are involved in structural support, enzymatic reactions, cell signaling, immune response, and many other biological processes. The unique sequence and structure of proteins determine their specific functions and contribute to the complexity and diversity of life.

What is Protein

Carbs Pathways & Metabolism

In the absence of water, carbohydrates from the food cannot be broken down or hydrolyzed into a simple form of sugar. This situation will cause the failure of biochemistry processes inside the body to occur. Then, the production of ATP will decrease and stop, resulting lack of energy source for the body. Thus, muscles are unable to move, nutrients from the food cannot be absorbed and body temperature is unstable.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat, duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit.

References

Cleland, W. (1967). Enzyme kinetics. Annual review of biochemistry, 36(1), 77-112.

Cornish-Bowden, A. (2014). Principles of enzyme kinetics. Elsevier.

Srinivasan, B. (2022). A guide to the Michaelis-Menten equation: steady state and beyond. The FEBS journal, 289(20), 6086-6098.

Hill, C. M., Waightm, R. D., & Bardsley, W. G. (1977). Does any enzyme follow the Michaelis-Menten equation?. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 15, 173-178.

Protein Metabolism

Protein metabolism refers to the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis and breakdown of proteins. It involves protein anabolism, the process of forming proteins from amino acids, and protein catabolism, the breakdown of proteins into absorbable monomers for further degradation or reassembly. Protein metabolism occurs in the liver, involving processes such as deamination of amino acids, urea formation for the removal of ammonia, and plasma protein synthesis. The main sources of amino acids for the human body are the proteins in the diet, non-essential amino acids synthesized by the liver, and amino acids that come from the body's own proteins, which are constantly degraded and resynthesized . The steps of protein synthesis include transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, while protein catabolism involves the breakdown of proteins to their amino acids, which can be used to supply energy or build energy reserves

References

Atkinson, D. E. (1969). Regulation of enzyme function. Annual review of microbiology, 23(1), 47-68.

Saboury, A. A. (2009). Enzyme inhibition and activation: a general theory. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 6, 219-229.

Spector, T., & Hajian, G. (1981). Statistical methods to distinguish competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive enzyme inhibitors. Analytical Biochemistry, 115(2), 403-409.

Generate experiences with your content.

It's got the Wow effect. Very Wow.

Make sure your audience remembers the message.

Activate and surprise your audience.

Create a new layer with all the Genially features.

Bring it to life with an interactive window

Got an idea?

Carbs processes that require water.

Carbohydrate from the food will be hydrolyzed by water to form a simple sugar, such as glucose. This glucose is broken down through glycolysis resulting in the production of energy (ATP). The energy produced is used by body tissues and cells to perform their role.e.g.: Body movement, nutrient absorption, body temperature regulation, active transport, etc.

Carbs metabolism is a process of breakdown of carbohydrates to produce energy (ATP)

Carbs Pathways & Metabolism

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Types of Carbohydrates

Sugar

Starch

Fiber

Main source of natural sugar is fruit.

Most of vegetables are high in fibers.

Starch are found in grains, potatoes, etc.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
why are gazan's having lack of water?learn more about gaza's water crisis here 01 Bb 02 Carbs Metabolism.By; ARWIN 03 Protein MetabolismBy : IZZAH learn what happens to thirsty proteins 04 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur 05 Aerobic and Anaerobic MetabolismBy.

# data[].attributes.body
Hello Assalamualaikum and greeting!

My name is Nurul Izzah binti Ali, I was born on October, 17, 1999 and grew up in Besut, Terengganu Malaysia. I am majoring in bachelor's degree in education (Biology) with Honour and Chemistry as my minor. Currently in the end of my second year from 4 years study. From the days of yore, the study of biology has been my heart's passion. Its mysteries and wonders captured my imagination since my days in high school, and the more I delved into its secrets, the more I reveled in its enchantments. Now, as a future educator, I aspire to impart this same magic to my students, to ignite a passion within them that will burn bright now and forevermore.

# data[].attributes.body
Check out my Learning Artifact here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
why are gazan's having lack of water?learn more about gaza's water crisis here

01

Bb

02

Carbs Metabolism.By; ARWIN

03

Protein MetabolismBy : IZZAH

learn what happens to thirsty proteins

04

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur

05

Aerobic and Anaerobic MetabolismBy. Mex

learn what happens to thirsty aerobic and anaerobic

06

THIRSTY TRUTHS

unraveling THE IMPACT OF DEHYDRATION ON OUR METABOLIC HARMONY based on the current water crisis in gaza

Learn what happens to thirsty enzymes

learn what happens to thirsty lipids

learn what happens to thirsty carbohydrates

learn what happens to thirsty lipids

Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that play essential roles in the structure and function of living cells. They are a class of biomolecules that includes fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are characterized by their hydrophobic nature, meaning they are not soluble in water.

Here are some key types of lipids

Fats (Triglycerides)Fats are the most common type of lipids. They are composed of three fatty acid molecules bonded to a glycerol molecule. Fats serve as a long-term energy storage form in organisms.

PhospholipidsPhospholipids have a structure similar to fats, but one of the fatty acid molecules is replaced by a phosphate group. Phospholipids are vital components of cell membranes, as they form a lipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell.

SteroidsSteroids have a distinct structure composed of four fused carbon rings. Examples of steroids include cholesterol and hormones like estrogen and testosterone. Cholesterol is a crucial component of cell membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various hormones.

LipoproteinsLipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins. They transport lipids in the bloodstream and play a crucial role in lipid metabolism.

Lipids serve several important functions in biological systems, including:

Lipid metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that involve the synthesis, breakdown, storage, and utilization of lipids (fats) in living organisms.

Imagine a busy kitchen Think of your body as a busy kitchen where lipids are the essential ingredients for various dishes.

1. Lipid Synthesis (Recipe Preparation)

In one corner, there's a chef (your liver) busy crafting new recipes (lipids) from the raw ingredients available (nutrients in your body). This chef is creating a variety of fatty acids and triglycerides, much like a chef preparing different dishes.

2. Energy Production (Meal Preparation)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

3. Energy Production (Meal Preparation)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

4. Bloodstream (Emergency Services)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

4. Ketogenesis (Emergency Reserves)

Sometimes, the kitchen faces a sudden shortage of ingredients, like during a hectic day or fasting. In response, a team (liver) kicks in to produce quick emergency reserves (ketone bodies), a bit like a chef preparing quick snacks when the main ingredients are running low.

4. Hormone Regulations (Chef's Instruction)

The head chef (hormones like insulin and glucagon) provides instructions, regulating the overall cooking process. Insulin encourages storage, ensuring excess ingredients are neatly put away, while glucagon signals for the release of stored ingredients when energy is needed urgently.

3. Energy Production (Meal Preparation)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

4. Bloodstream (Emergency Services)

To deliver these energy-packed ingredients, there's a dedicated delivery team (lipoproteins) ensuring the safe transportation of fatty acids and glycerol through the kitchen (bloodstream) to different cooking stations (cells) where energy is needed.

Lipid Digestion and Absorption

Lipid digestion is the process by which large dietary lipids, such as triglycerides, are broken down into smaller components, primarily fatty acids and glycerol. This process occurs in the digestive system, starting in the stomach and continuing in the small intestine. Enzymes, including lipases, play a crucial role in this breakdown, transforming complex lipids into forms that can be absorbed.

Lipid absorption is the uptake of the breakdown products of lipids, specifically fatty acids and glycerol, into the cells of the small intestine. This absorption takes place through the mucosal cells lining the small intestine. Once absorbed, these components are transported into the bloodstream and lymphatic system, where they can be utilized for energy or stored for future use.

The process of lipid digestion and absorption primarily occurs during the fed state, which is the period following a meal when nutrients are being absorbed and utilized by the body.

Lipid Transportation

The transport of lipids in the bloodstream involves specialized carriers called lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complex structures composed of lipids (such as triglycerides and cholesterol) and proteins. These carriers help transport lipids through the water-based bloodstream, as lipids are hydrophobic and do not dissolve well in blood.

Origin: Formed in the small intestine after the digestion and absorption of dietary fats.Composition: Contains a high proportion of triglycerides. Function: Transports dietary fats from the intestines to various tissues. Chylomicrons are too large to enter capillaries directly and release their contents through lipoprotein lipase.

Lipogenesis

Lipogenesis is the process by which the body synthesizes lipids, specifically fatty acids and triglycerides, from simpler building blocks such as carbohydrates (primarily glucose) and other substrates. This anabolic process occurs in various tissues, with the liver and adipose tissue being key players in lipid synthesis.

Click here for a cheat sheet

Lipolysis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Lipolysis is the biological process by which triglycerides, the storage form of fats, are broken down into their constituent components-fatty acids and glycerol. This process is crucial for the mobilization of stored energy from adipose tissue and provides substrates that can be used for energy production by various tissues in the body.

Beta-Oxidation

Click here for a cheat sheet

Ketogenesis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Ketolysis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Cholesterol Syntesis

Click here for a cheat sheet

Now that you know all the concepts of lipid metabolism,

Let's look at the steps involved in all those processes.

Click on the image above for your recipe book

Lipid Metabolism in Gazans with Limited Water Access

In a war zone such as Gaza where there is limited access to water, the challenges of sustaining proper nutrition and hydration become pronounced. Lipid metabolism, being a fundamental aspect of energy balance, can be significantly impacted in such conditions.

Why?

Limited Food Supply: War zones often face disruptions in the food supply chain, leading to scarcity and inadequate nutritional intake. When food is scarce, the body may rely more on stored energy reserves, including triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. Fasting and Lipolysis: Extended periods of limited food availability may result in fasting conditions. During fasting, the body initiates lipolysis, breaking down stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol to provide energy for essential functions. Ketogenesis as an Energy Source: Prolonged fasting can lead to the production of ketone bodies through ketogenesis. Ketones, derived from fatty acid breakdown, can serve as an alternative energy source, particularly for the brain, reducing the dependence on glucose. Dehydration and Impact on Lipid Metabolism: Limited access to water can contribute to dehydration, affecting overall metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism. Dehydration may alter the balance of hormones involved in lipid metabolism, impacting the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis.

Why?

Energy Conservation: In a war scenario with limited resources, the body tends to prioritize energy conservation. Lipid metabolism becomes crucial for maintaining energy balance, and the body may prioritize the use of stored fats to sustain vital functions. Nutrient Utilization Efficiency: Efficient utilization of available nutrients becomes critical in such conditions. The body may adapt to maximize the use of available lipids for energy production, ensuring the preservation of essential tissues and functions. Health Implications: Prolonged reliance on lipid metabolism without sufficient access to a balanced diet can lead to nutritional deficiencies and health complications. Malnutrition, especially with inadequate intake of essential nutrients, can further exacerbate the challenges faced in a war zone. Medical Considerations: Healthcare in war zones must address the nutritional needs of individuals, providing interventions to mitigate the impact of limited resources on lipid metabolism. Proper medical care becomes essential to monitor and manage metabolic health.

IMPACT OF DEHYDRATION ON LIPID METABOLISM

02

Learn what happens to thirsty enzymes

Check out how many water molecules are surrounding the structure of the human salivary amylase!

What will happen to each class of enzymes if there is no water ?

01

Learn About The Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action. Click on each Subtopic to Watch Videos, Access Simplified Notes and Listen to Podcast Sessions. Remember to Pay Attention to Understand the Topics Easily.

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES

COFACTORS & COENZYMES

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES

6 CLASSES OF ENZYMES

ENZYMES AND ACTIVATION ENERGY

Introduction to enzymes catalysis

Induced fit model

SIMPLE introduction to enzyme kinetics

02

Learn About Kinetics of Enzymatic Activity. Click on each Subtopic to Watch Videos, Access Simplified Notes and Listen to Podcast Sessions. Remember to Pay Attention to Understand the Topics Easily.

What will happen to enzyme catalysis process THEre if there is no water?

LET'S TAKE A DEEPER DIVE

Michaelis Menten equation

LET'S UNDERSTAND MORE DEEPLY

Michaelis Menten & Lineweaver-Burk Plot

LET'S learn more

Steady states

What happens to enzymatic regulations when there is lack of water ?

03

Learn About the Regulation of Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibition. Click on each Subtopic to Watch Videos, Access Simplified Notes and Listen to Podcast Sessions. Remember to Pay Attention to Understand the Topics Easily.

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYME REGULATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYME INHIBITION

SPECIAL ALLOSTERIC ENZYMES

TYPES OF INHIBITION & FEEBBACK INHIBITION

GRAPHS OF INHIBITION

What will happen to THE STRUCTURE of enzymes if there is no water?

04

Try to Test your Knowledge of Enzymes! Check Out The Quiz Links Provided.

COFACTORS & COENZYMES

CLASSES OF ENZYMES

ENZYME KINETICS

ENZYME INHIBITION

COFACTORS & COENZYMES

learn what happens to thirsty proteins

what is carbohydrates?

molecule of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates represent the predominant source of energy for plants and animals. In food, monosaccharide and disaccharide carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose) are responsible for the attribute of sweetness. Carbohydrates form the most widespread organic compounds in the biosphere and are major constituents of most fruits, vegetables, legumes, and cereal grains (Sadasivam, 2022).

carbohydrate with water

carbohydrate without water

types of carbohydrate

What happens to thirsty aerobic and anaerobic?

ANAEROBIC ZONE

AEROBIC ZONE

References

Johnson, K. A. (2008). Role of induced fit in enzyme specificity: a molecular forward/reverse switch. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(39), 26297-26301.

Gerhartz, B., Niestroj, A. J., & Demuth, H. U. (2002). Enzyme classes and mechanisms. Proteinase and peptidase inhibition: recent potential targets for drug development. London and New York: Taylor and Francis, 1-20.

Tsou, C. L. (1993). Conformational flexibility of enzyme active sites. Science, 262(5132), 380-381.

Proteins are essential macromolecules that have diverse functions in living organisms. They are involved in structural support, enzymatic reactions, cell signaling, immune response, and many other biological processes. The unique sequence and structure of proteins determine their specific functions and contribute to the complexity and diversity of life.

What is Protein

Carbs Pathways & Metabolism

In the absence of water, carbohydrates from the food cannot be broken down or hydrolyzed into a simple form of sugar. This situation will cause the failure of biochemistry processes inside the body to occur. Then, the production of ATP will decrease and stop, resulting lack of energy source for the body. Thus, muscles are unable to move, nutrients from the food cannot be absorbed and body temperature is unstable.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat, duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit.

References

Cleland, W. (1967). Enzyme kinetics. Annual review of biochemistry, 36(1), 77-112.

Cornish-Bowden, A. (2014). Principles of enzyme kinetics. Elsevier.

Srinivasan, B. (2022). A guide to the Michaelis-Menten equation: steady state and beyond. The FEBS journal, 289(20), 6086-6098.

Hill, C. M., Waightm, R. D., & Bardsley, W. G. (1977). Does any enzyme follow the Michaelis-Menten equation?. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 15, 173-178.

Protein Metabolism

Protein metabolism refers to the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis and breakdown of proteins. It involves protein anabolism, the process of forming proteins from amino acids, and protein catabolism, the breakdown of proteins into absorbable monomers for further degradation or reassembly. Protein metabolism occurs in the liver, involving processes such as deamination of amino acids, urea formation for the removal of ammonia, and plasma protein synthesis. The main sources of amino acids for the human body are the proteins in the diet, non-essential amino acids synthesized by the liver, and amino acids that come from the body's own proteins, which are constantly degraded and resynthesized . The steps of protein synthesis include transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, while protein catabolism involves the breakdown of proteins to their amino acids, which can be used to supply energy or build energy reserves

References

Atkinson, D. E. (1969). Regulation of enzyme function. Annual review of microbiology, 23(1), 47-68.

Saboury, A. A. (2009). Enzyme inhibition and activation: a general theory. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 6, 219-229.

Spector, T., & Hajian, G. (1981). Statistical methods to distinguish competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive enzyme inhibitors. Analytical Biochemistry, 115(2), 403-409.

Generate experiences with your content.

It's got the Wow effect. Very Wow.

Make sure your audience remembers the message.

Activate and surprise your audience.

Create a new layer with all the Genially features.

Bring it to life with an interactive window

Got an idea?

Carbs processes that require water.

Carbohydrate from the food will be hydrolyzed by water to form a simple sugar, such as glucose. This glucose is broken down through glycolysis resulting in the production of energy (ATP). The energy produced is used by body tissues and cells to perform their role.e.g.: Body movement, nutrient absorption, body temperature regulation, active transport, etc.

Carbs metabolism is a process of breakdown of carbohydrates to produce energy (ATP)

Carbs Pathways & Metabolism

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Types of Carbohydrates

Sugar

Starch

Fiber

Main source of natural sugar is fruit.

Most of vegetables are high in fibers.

Starch are found in grains, potatoes, etc.

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why are gazan's having lack of water?learn more about gaza's water crisis here 01 Bb 02 Carbs Metabolism.By; ARWIN 03 Protein MetabolismBy : IZZAH learn what happens to thirsty proteins 04 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur 05 Aerobic and Anaerobic MetabolismBy.

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Hi, my name is Subhashini Hettige. I am from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. During my free time, I enjoy gardening, and making compost in my backyard using food scraps. I also enjoy dancing and swimming. Recently, I have also started to learn to cook. I enjoy making all types of cuisines depending on my mood. When surfing the internet, I love watching content related to conspiracy theories( in my opinion they are not just theories) and also dance videos.

The group activities of this course has helped me grow closer to my groupmates, Arwin, Izzah, Mex and Darsh and for that I am very thankful.

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"Embrace the Journey, Cherish the Moments"

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Hello, Kopisanangan, Bonjour, Ni Hao Everyone!

My name is Mexzender Miun, i'm from Kota Belud Sabah. I took a Bachelor's Degree in Education Biology with honors as my major, and took Geography as my minor. Currently, i'm in my 4th semester and at the end of my second year. This e-portfolio was created as my reflection for this subject. My infinite thanks to Dr. Shake for patiently guiding us throughout this semester. Thank you also for all the knowledge that is very useful not only for our studies but for the future as well.

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FULL LAB REPORT (ENZYME, LIPIDS, CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN)

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FULL LAB REPORT (ENZYME, LIPIDS, CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN)

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This reflection was done spontaneously to make it as genuine as possible. Watch to know my thoughts and feelings throughout this journey

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Say hello to my avatar aka digital me

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The full and hopefully comprehensive report

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Using ai to create cheat sheet for lipid metabolism

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Using ai to create cheat sheet for lipid metabolism

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Using AI to create cheat sheet for lipid metabolism

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My not aesthetic quick notes on glycolysis

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My not aesthetic quick notes on glycolysis

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Using AI to help with lab report

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Comparisons between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis made by AI

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Comparisons between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis made by AI

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The intricate work of enzymes..

https://www.canva.com/design/DAF7ochF1Xs/f7lH94gnOtYLDcn1-2VmDg/view?utm_content=DAF7ochF1Xs&utm_campaign=share_your_design&utm_medium=link&utm_source=shareyourdesignpanel

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Using Microsoft Copilotto create pictures

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Using Microsoft Copilotto create pictures

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This is how I created the pictures in the "storybook"

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This is how I created the pictures in the "storybook"

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Dr. Shake explains about enzymes lab report and enzymes