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hero of black history Martin Luther Kings JR. by Ryan Nagelhout pg. 18

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hero of black history Martin Luther Kings JR. by Ryan Nagelhout pg. 18

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spite king's efforts to pecefully protest and work for civel right, not everyone elived in his couse or trusted his methidhoods.

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U.S.

January 24, 2013 / 11:46 AM / CBS NEWS

AP

America honors civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. every January at the time of his birthday. This collection of photos takes a look at the legacy of the famed civil rights leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner, who was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Ray.

In this Sept. 16, 1963, photo, Dr. King gives a news conference in Birmingham, Ala., announcing he and other African-American leaders have called for federal Army occupation of Birmingham in the wake of the previous day's church bombing and shootings which left six African-Americans, including four young girls, dead.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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In this Aug. 28, 1963, photo, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., gives his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington. Actor-singer Sammy Davis Jr. is at bottom right. The speech has been cited as an expression of America's essential ideals, its language suggestive of a constitutional amendment on equality: People should "not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character."

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., delivers his "I have a dream" speech on Aug. 28, 1963, in Washington DC.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen in a mugshot from Montgomery Alabama Sheriff's Office on Feb. 22, 1956.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Ralph Abernathy, left, James Forman, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the Rev. S.L. Douglas and John Lewis during a protest march to the courthouse on March 17, 1965, in Montgomery, Ala.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Library of Congress

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and wife Coretta Scott King are seen in a photo taken in 1964.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and wife Coretta Scott King are seen outside a court after the Rev. King was found guilty of conspiring in the Montgomery Bus Boycott on March 22, 1956, in Montgomery, Ala.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., then 27, and his wife, Coretta Scott King, emerge, from Montgomery Court House, March 23, 1956, following his trial on charges of conspiring to boycott segregated city buses.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is welcomed with a kiss by his wife Coretta Scott King after leaving court on March 22, 1956, in Montgomery, Ala.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., attends a prayer pilgrimage for freedom, May 17, 1957, in Washington.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Ralph Abernathy and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., are taken away by police during protests on April, 12, 1963, in Birmingham, Ala.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Coretta Scott King lead a civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Ala., on March 21, 1965.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., waves to supporters, Aug. 28, 1963, on the National Mall in Washington, during the "March on Washington."

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., center right, and other major leaders of the civil rights movement meet on March 6, 1963, in New York during a meeting dedicated to the organization of the "March on Washington." From left to right: John Lewis, Whitney Young, Philip Randolph, M. L. King, James Farmer and Roy Wilkins.

Martin Luther King Jr.

William A. Smith/AP

In this April 2, 1965, photo, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., second from right, speaks at a news conference next to John Lewis, to his left, chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, in Baltimore.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AP

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., delivers a speech at the Mason Temple on April 3, 1968, in Memphis, Tenn.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., waves to supporters, Aug. 28, 1963, on the National Mall in Washington, during the "March on Washington."

King said the march was "the greatest demonstration of freedom in the history of the United States.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., speaks at a civil rights rally at the Lincoln Memorial, Aug. 28, 1963, in Washington.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., displays his Nobel Peace Prize on Dec. 10, 1964, in Oslo, Norway.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

President Lyndon Johnson, left, shakes hands with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., July 3, 1964, in Washington, after handing him a pen during the ceremonies for the signing of the civil rights bill at the White House.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Coretta Scott King and her husband Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Dec. 9, 1964, in Oslo where the civil rights leader received the Nobel Peace Prize.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Coretta Scott King shakes hands with French Medicine Nobel Prize winner professor Jacques Monod, center, as her husband Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., third from the right, looks on March 29, 1966, in Paris' Sport Palace during the meeting of the "Movement for the Peace." From left to right, French actress Simone Signoret, U.S. actor and singer Harry Belafonte, French actor and singer Yves Montand.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., speaking Sept. 21, 1964, in London at the press conference. King was launching the British version of his latest book on the civil rights struggle in America, "Why We Can't Wait."

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., looks at a bullet hole in the glass door of his rented beach cottage on June 5, 1964, in St. Augustine, Fla.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Roy Wilkins, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and other civil rights leaders speak to the media after meeting with President Kennedy, Aug. 28, 1963, at the White House.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., receives the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1964.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., addresses, March 29, 1966, in Paris' Sport Palace the members of the "Movement for the Peace".

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., addresses the members of the "Movement for the Peace" on March 29, 1966, in Paris' Sport Palace.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Library of Congress/World Telegram and Sun/Dick DeMarsico.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen in a photo taken in 1964.

Martin Luther King Jr.

AFP/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., center, is accompanied by famed pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock, Father Frederick Reed and union leader Cleveland Robinson, March 16, 1967, during an anti-Vietnam War demonstration in New York.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Secretary of Labor James P. Mitchell, right, shakes hands with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., as Vice President Richard Nixon looks on Aug. 8, 1957, in Washington.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., with President Lyndon B. Johnson in the background, March 18, 1966, at the White House.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen testifying before the U.S. Senate Government Operations subcommittee on Dec. 15, 1966, in Washington, DC.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Coretta Scott King, left, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, and Constance Baker Motley are seen at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference on Aug. 9, 1965, in Birmingham, Ala.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., sits in the back seat of a police car before returning to jail after a grand jury testimony in St. Augustine, Fla., on June 12, 1964.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen in a photo taken on Sept. 17, 1964.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., right, and Ralph Abernathy are barred from entering a restaurant by the manager James Brock on June. 12, 1964, on St. Augustine, Fla.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen in an undated photo.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and his associates lead a procession behind the casket of civil rights marcher Jimmy Lee Jackson during a funeral service on March 1, 1965, in Marion, Ala.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., speaks at civil rights rally on June 11, 1964, St. Augustine, Fla.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., pats a young picketer on the back on June 10, 1964, St. Augustine, Fla.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen in a photo taken on Oct. 10, 1966.

Martin Luther King Jr.

National Archives/Newsmakers/Getty Images

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., at the civil rights rally at the Lincoln Memorial, Aug. 28, 1963.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is seen in a portrait taken on Feb. 1, 1968.

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Jesse Jackson, left, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Ralph Abernathy are seen on a balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, on April 3, 1968, the day before King's assassination.

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Iconic photos of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

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America honors civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. every January at the time of his birthday. This collection of photos takes a look at the legacy of the famed civil rights leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner, who was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Ray.

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hero of black history Martin Luther Kings JR. by Ryan Nagelhout pg. 18

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hero of black history Martin Luther Kings JR. by Ryan Nagelhout pg. 18

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on augusr 28,1963, the american civil rights movement reached an important moent with the march on washington for jobs and fredome.

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Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/biographical/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/biographical/

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Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family.

In 1954, Martin Luther King became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank.

In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama, that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. and inspiring his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail", a manifesto of the Negro revolution; he planned the drives in Alabama for the registration of Negroes as voters; he directed the peaceful march on Washington, D.C., of 250,000 people to whom he delivered his address, "l Have a Dream", he conferred with President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was arrested upwards of twenty times and assaulted at least four times; he was awarded five honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure.

At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.

On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated.
Selected bibliography
Adams, Russell, Great Negroes Past and Present, pp. 106-107. Chicago, Afro-Am Publishing Co., 1963.

Bennett, Lerone, Jr., What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. Chicago, Johnson, 1964.

I Have a Dream: The Story of Martin Luther King in Text and Pictures. New York, Time Life Books, 1968.

King, Martin Luther, Jr., The Measure of a Man. Philadelphia. The Christian Education Press, 1959. Two devotional addresses.

King, Martin Luther, Jr., Strength to Love. New York, Harper & Row, 1963. Sixteen sermons and one essay entitled "Pilgrimage to Nonviolence."

King, Martin Luther, Jr., Stride toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York, Harper, 1958.

King, Martin Luther, Jr., The Trumpet of Conscience. New York, Harper & Row, 1968.

King, Martin Luther, Jr., Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? New York, Harper & Row, 1967.

King, Martin Luther, Jr., Why We Can't Wait. New York, Harper & Row, 1963.

"Man of the Year", Time, 83 (January 3, 1964) 13-16; 25-27.

"Martin Luther King, Jr.", in Current Biography Yearbook 1965, ed. by Charles Moritz, pp. 220-223. New York, H.W. Wilson.

Reddick, Lawrence D., Crusader without Violence: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. New York, Harper, 1959.

This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished inNobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.

* Note from Nobelprize.org: This biography uses the word "Negro". Even though this word today is considered inappropriate, the biography is published in its original version in view of keeping it as a historical document.

To cite this section
MLA style: Martin Luther King Jr. - Biography. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. Sun. 3 Dec 2023. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/biographical/>

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The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 was awarded to Martin Luther King Jr. "for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population"

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I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity... Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring — when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children — black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics — will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: “Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”

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Martin Luther King, Jr.
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But 100 years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men - yes, black men as well as white men - would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check that has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and security of justice. We have also come to his hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end but a beginning. Those who hoped that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.

As we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "for whites only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no we are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.

Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today my friends - so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification - one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

This will be the day, this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning "My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my father's died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!"

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi - from every mountainside.

Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring - when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children - black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics - will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"

August 28, 1963
Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C., United States of America

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"I Have A Dream" - Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. 1963-08-26

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Martin Luther King, Jr. I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

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The Black Lives Matter movement started a massive wave of Americans uniting to call for defunding the police and eradicating white supremacy to make positive changes for Black Americans. But experts reflecting on the movement’s scorecard in 2022 say Black America hasn’t benefited.

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the civile rights movement by Craig E. Blohm

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the civile rights movement by Craig E. Blohm

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1972: the equal rights amendment passed congress, but is never ratified but the states.
2008 barack obama is the firsst african american president of the united states
2013:the black lives matter movement is when founded by three women activist