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Caliph Al-Mansur strategically chose Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid Empire. Its location near water and important trade routes made it perfect for growth and prosperity.

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Baghdad was designed as a perfect circle, known as the 'Round City'. All important buildings were located in the centre, symbolizing the city's importance as the heart of the empire.

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Under Caliph Harun al-Rashid, Baghdad entered its Golden Age. He encouraged scholars and artists, making Baghdad a centre of learning and culture.

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By 800 AD, Baghdad had become a major centre for trade between East and West. Goods such as silk, spices, and precious stones flowed through the city's markets.

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The House of Wisdom, a grand library and translation institute, was established. Scholars from around the world came here to study and translate texts from Greek, Persian, and Indian sources.

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Al-Kindi, known as the 'Philosopher of the Arabs', made significant contributions to mathematics, medicine, and philosophy in Baghdad during this period.

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By 900 AD, Baghdad had become the largest city in the world outside of China, with a population reaching about 1 million people.

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The Mongol invasion led by Hulagu Khan marked the end of Baghdad's Golden Age. The House of Wisdom was destroyed, and many scholars were killed or fled.