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Saliva is a vital biological fluid with essential fucntions:

Aids in disgestion by mixing with food.

Coats mucous membranes/ keeps mucous membranes moist, to prevent microscopic cracks that allow artificial solutions.

Without saliva, survival would be difficult.

Gender diffrences in spitting:

Men are more socially permitted to spit.

Women face stricter norms.

Spit is saliva in the wrong place/time.

Plant vs. weed: A weed is a plant in the wrong place.

Crime perception: Armed robbery vs. white-collar crime ,treated differently.

Kosher wine/holy water: Socially/ spiritually significant.

Our sense of reality is socially constructed.

Sociology is a scientific study, sociologist go out and do research in very organized scientific ways.

Particulary interested in humans in the aggregate.

Social groups/human societies.

Scientific study of human societies social groups and social institutions. Maintaining the idea of social groups perspective.

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 Book: Introducing Sociology Using the Stuff of Everyday Life

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 Book: Introducing Sociology Using the Stuff of Everyday Life

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Making sociology accessible: by connecting it to real-life material culture.

Encouraging critical thinking: about how social structures shape everyday life.

Providing an interactive learning experience: through examples, exercises, and discussions.

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Introduce sociology as a tool to uncover hidden social patterns in everyday life.

The concept of "sociological imagination", linking personal troubles to broader social structures.

Talk about how culture shaped human behavior.

How society constructs gender roles through socialization.

Explores how societies enforce norms and shape any behavior that violates established social norms.

Methods used to study social life.

Use relatable stories to illustrate theories.

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Sociology explores the link between history (large-scale societal events) and biography (individual lives). Ex: The pandemic.

Personal problems(unemployment/poor housing) often stem from systemic issues ( economic policies and capitalism).

People shape their lives but are constrained by social structures (language, culture, laws).

Hepls analyze how institutions influence behavior.

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Sociology: Studies human society, social groups, and institutions.

Psychology: Focuses on individuals ( thoughts, emotions, behaviors), with some overlap in social psychology.

Cultural Antropology: Examines other cultures ( vs. sociology, which often studies one's own society).

Political Science: Analyzes power structures (governments, authority).

Economics: Studies choices, especially financial.

History: Examines past human behavior, whiles sociology often focuses on present/future trends.

Philosophy: Underpins all social sciences.

THREE KEY LENSES SOCIOLOGISTS USE:

1. Cultural vs. Material.

2. Structure vs. Agency.

3. Micro vs. Macro.

Durkheim's Study of Suicide:

Suicide rates vary by social groups, not just individual psychology.

Theory of Social Integration: More social connections= lower suicide risk ( married people, Catholics with communal rituals).

https://www.cdc.gov/

An article about rising loneliness in the U.S

Link to Durkheim’s social integration theory: Isolation correlates with mental health crises.

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1. Structural Functionalism

Focus: Examines the structure of society and how its parts function together to maintain stability / identifies parts of social institutions.

2. Social Conflict Theory

Focus: Studies inequality, privilege, and power struggles in society.

Concepts:

Inequality: Limited resources lead to disparities.

Privilege: How certain groups gain and maintain advantages.

Ideology: Beliefs that justify inequality.

3. Symbolic Interactionism

Focus: Analyzes small-scale interactions and the meanings behind symbols.

different lens to analyze society:

Functionalism: Stability and order.

Conflict Theory: Power and inequality.

Symbolic Interactionism: Meaning in everyday interactions.