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Matter and its Transformations  Teacher: Ruiz Segura Aneli

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Group: 223

Team 1

Members:

Uriel Orozco Rivera

Alexander Hernández Salgado

Jonathan Loredo Hernández

Jorge Emilio Valdéz Bernal

Alejandro Rada Medellín

DIGITAL MURAL "Matter and Its Transformations

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In this work we'll talk about in general about Chemistry, we'll discuss different topics about the atoms and elements, also the applications in our everyday lives, how they classify and identify the different aspects of them.

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The importance of the relation of chemistry with other sciences. How it influences in everyday life?

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The importance of the relation of chemistry with other sciences. How it influences in everyday life?

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Chemistry is used in medicine, food preservation, cleaning products, environmental protection, and energy production, and energy production, also help with sustainable development and technological advancements.

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How matter can undergo physical and chemical changes? How the aggregated states of matter and energy are involved?

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How matter can undergo physical and chemical changes? How the aggregated states of matter and energy are involved?

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A fundamental characteristic of matter is that it has mass and it occupies a place in space and |requires energy to change| Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only transforms.

Energy to be involved in the aggregated states of matter needs conditions like temperature and pressure on the surrounding environment.

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Atomic theories and models of Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, Shrôdinger, De Broglie, and Heisenberg.

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Atomic theories and models of Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, Shrôdinger, De Broglie, and Heisenberg.

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Dalton (1803): Proposed that atoms are indivisible particles and the fundamental units of matter.

Thompson (1897): Discovered the electron and proposed the "Plum Pudding" model.

Rutherford (1911): Conducted the gold foil experiment and established that atoms have a nucleus.

Bohr (1913): Suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels.

De Broglie (1924): Proposed that all matter exhibits wave-like properties, particularly electrons.

Schrödinger & Heisenberg (1926): Introduced quantum mechanics, describing electron behavior probabilistically.

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Alpha particles: Positive particles of two protons and two neutrons.

Beta particles: Small and fast particles of negative electrical charge that have mass. The decay of radioactive nuclei produces them.

Gamma rays: They are packets of energy without mass or charge and are called photons.

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Nuclear energy, its uses and applications, advantages and disadvantages.

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Nuclear energy, its uses and applications, advantages and disadvantages.

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The usage of the energy liberated naturally or artificially from nuclear reactions.

Is primarly used for electricity generation, providing a low-carbon energy source. Nuclear power plants use controlled nuclear reaction to produce heat, and producing electricity.

Has applications on medicine such as cancer treatment, space exploration through nuclear propulsion, and also the sterilization of equipment.

Its advantages are: High energy output, low greenhouse gas emissions, reliable energy source.

Its disadvantages are: Risk of radioactive contamination, high costs of waste management, protential for catastrophic accidents.

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The various classifications in the periodic table and that with refers to chemical bonds.

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The various classifications in the periodic table and that with refers to chemical bonds.

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The elements are separated by their physical properties or chemical properties helps us to identify each element with their own group or familiy and each one of them has similar properties and using the periods show us the energy levels which help us know the electronic configuration accompanying the use of blocks s, p, d and f and the groups, knowing the division of the Groups A and B helps us know the last electons, they are also accommodated by the amount of protons and atomic mass each element has, the periodic table has a very important aspects which are the periodic properties and the most important are Ionization energy that states the amount of energy required to release and electron and this helps with the chemical bonds when transfering or sharing electrons, this bonds can create new substances or compounds that are essential to life, one important aspect of them is that exist 3 types, ionic, covalent (polar and non-polar) and metallic, these are related to a property of the periodic table which is the electronegativity, each element has a different amount of attraction of electrons and are displayed around the periodic table from the top right corner to the left corner, these property shows what element will get the electrons transfered, another aspect is the valence electrons, the elements need 8 electrons in their last layer of energy to be stable, that is the reason some elements créate bonds, to achieve their 8 valence electrons.

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In every chemical substances, are made up of elements and each one is made up different ones. Their can be designated by a unique symbol consisting of one, two, or three letters arising from either their element name of their Latin name. Elements can have positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anion) inside the chemical compounds so they can become neutral to be stable. Chemical compounds can be created by physical methods. Chemical compounds can be in solid, liquid and gas state. Some chemical compounds can be found toxic and harmful to humans, this can be cause by even a single element inside the formula. Chemical compounds can be classifed as organic and inorganic. Chemical compounds can be classified by chemical function and there’s 4: Salts, Bases, Acids and Oxides.

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Alexander Hernández Salgado: Thanks to the understanding of this different points, we can learn about the essential things that compose everything like compounds, elements and their bonds and characteristics, uses, applications, etc.

Uriel Orozco Rivera: The study of this topics can show us about what everything is made of, such as how they classify, their uses and how to form and identify them.

Jonathan Loredo Hernández: Learning this can help us in the future if we chose a career or job related to chemistry, and understand more how everything works.

Jorge Emilio Valdéz Bernal: The topics we were introduced explained us the functions of how everything is made of, how we use it in our lives.

Alejandro Rada Medellín: Chemistry showed us how since ancient times, we were already investigating about how everything that existe is formed and how they work, and thanks to them in our daily lives we got satisfied our needs and technology.

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Silberberg, M. S. (2014). Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., Bursten, B. E., Murphy, C. J., & Woodward, P. M. (2014). Chemistry: The Central Science (12th ed.). Pearson.

UANL (2025) Matter and its transformations Chemistry textbook

Matter and its Transformation Book

• Pages: 53, 62 and 77

• Dimensions 2, 3 and 4

Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., Burstein, B. E. (2014). Chemistry: The Central Science. Pearson.

Foro Nuclear. (s.f.). ¿Qué es la energía nuclear?

https://www.foronuclear.org/descubre-la-energia-nuclear/que-es-la-energia-nuclear/

https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1026-87742008000200004

https://www.britannica.com/science/periodic-table/The-first-periodic-table

https://www.vedantu.com/evs/facts-about-chemical-bonds

https://www.google.com/search?q=aspects+of+chemical+compounds&client=opera-gx&sca_esv=c59b6cae3955ab0c&biw=1705&bih=842&sxsrf=AHTn8zq_kybgkrC25BRNyglLy7ggCVwZUQ%3A1747272140112&ei=zEElaNXXBsO_kPIPxLG5kQo&ved=0ahUKEwjV7fL5p6SNAxXDH0QIHcRYLqI4ChDh1QMIEA&uact=5&oq=aspects+of+chemical+compounds&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHWFzcGVjdHMgb2YgY2hlbWljYWwgY29tcG91bmRzMggQABiABBiiBDIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBUjlBlAAWOYDcAB4AZABAZgBbKABpgKqAQMyLjG4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgKgAr8BmAMAkgcDMS4xoAe9CbIHAzEuMbgHvwE&sclient=gws-wiz-ser

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Chemical_Compounds/Chemical_Compounds

https://enthu.com/blog/chemistry/properties-of-compounds?srsltid=AfmBOor40vSIw6wKrlXBTkl-Q2eG-Ae4o39uOemUnyGoml5jb2qqIcKV

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Introducción a la Tabla Periódica de los Elementos y sus Iones para Ciencias de la Tierra

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Introducción a la Tabla Periódica de los Elementos y sus Iones para Ciencias de la Tierra