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In our opinion, YES, Pg Muda Hashim was the reason why British Intervention happened in Brunei starting back in 15 August 1839, where he was in desperate need of help to end the Sarawak rebellion that was linked to antimony, a natural substance that was found in Sarawak in 1824. In addition to this point, when James Brooke arrived in Brunei, Pg Muda Hashim didn't think twice of the consequences and went forward to ask James brooke, a british man who is a stranger to Brunei's law and tradition for help to end the rebellion in . Also, The Sarawak rebellion happened due to forced labor and slavery of the locals done by the governor of Sarawak, Pengiran Indera Mahkota and this was because Pg Muda Hashim's image as Pengiran Bendahara has become vulnerable due to him and Pengiran Indera Mahkota's failure to restore law and civilization in Sarawak, they were also in a conflict where both of them didn't want to settle so it wasn't easy. Pengiran Muda hashim was also unsuccessful because the rebellion happened at remote areas of the mountainous Sarambo and Siniawan, they were also provided with food and weaponry support by Sultan sambas which gave them a big advantage but a big disadvantageto Brunei government. Furthermore, Pg Muda Hashim also didn't confirm the governor ship of Sarawak to James Brooke for 3 months without any update and without the confirmation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II, this caused a whiplash against the Brunei royal administration and the country itself. In conclusion, British intervention happened because of long term vision by the royal administration of local needs.

However, we also disagree with this statement because due to the rebellion happening because of forced labor and slavery of the dayaks, women and children from Pengiran Indera Mahkota, James Brooke felt a need to save the declining Malay economy and save the locals from all the unnecessary taxes and slavery that was becoming overboard by the time. Also, due to the hesitation that was shown by Pengiran Muda Hashim of his promise to James Brooke, James Brooke felt livid and loaded 'The royalist' and went over to the palace and blackmailed the Sultan into giving him the governor ship of Sarawak. Thus, due to the intense pressure caused by James Brooke, an agreement was signed on 24 September 1841 with terms and conditions applied. In conclusion, the reason of British Intervention in Brunei didn't only happen because of Pengiran Muda Hashim but also many reasons that did not involve his doings and this didn't happen intentionally as it was beyond his control and power to stop it because by the time the promise was made, it was too late to go back.

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Yes , I agree with this statement, Pengiran Muda Hashim played an important role on British Intervention in Brunei. He was sent to Sarawak to stop the rebellion. He failed to control the situation, he was scared to lose his position. So in 1839, Pengiran Muda Hashim asked for help from James Brooke. He promised Brooke rewards if he succeed, this gave James Brooke a chance to enter Borneo and later takeover Sarawak. In 1842, Brooke was given the position of Governor Of Sarawak. This was the beginning of British control in Brunei which is Sarawak. After Pengiran Muda Hashim was killed, the British used that as a reason to step in and get more involved in Brunei politics, the British wanted justice.

However, Pengiran Muda Hashim was not the only reason. At that time, Brunei was already weak. There were many problems and conflict. The British saw Brunei as a good place to increase their trading and power. The British wanted to be more powerful and important in Southeast Asia. Pengiran Indera Mahkota was also the reason. He mistreated the local people and force them to work without payment. This caused a rebellion against Pengiran Indera Mahkota. Due to Pengiran Indera Mahkota's failure to restore law and order in Sarawak, the sultan sent Pengiran Muda Hashim to assist.

In conclusion, without Pengiran Muda Hashim's help, Brooke would not have gained power. So, Pengiran Muda Hashim was the main reason British Intervention started.

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I agree that Pengiran Muda Hashim was the reason for the start of British because Pengiran Muda Hashim were involved in political conflict with Pengiran Indera Mahkota that both were unable to cooperate and settled the unsolved rebellion. When James Brooke arrived in Sarawak in 15 August 1839, Pengiran Muda Hashim pleaded James Brooke to assist him because he became extremely desperate to find ways to end the rebellion. James Brooke hesitate and return to Singapore. In 1840,he came back to Sarawak and decided to help Pengiran Muda Hashim. James Brooke with Pengiran Muda Hashim made their way to remote the areas of siniawan on 18 October 1840. However James Brooke had to face challenges as the army were poor at fighting. James Brooke then successfully put down the rebellion. After the rebellion ended, Pengiran Muda Hashim started to feel uncertain about the promise he made with James Brooke. He promised that James Brooke would be given local assistance, abolition of taxation except for a fixed tax on rice and abolition of forced labour.

I also disagree that Pengiran Muda Hashim was the reason for the start of British because the rebellion against Pengiran Indera Mahkota,the Governor of Sarawak.The rebellion was closely related to antimony,a natural resource that had been discovered in Sarawak in 1824 and become an economic source for the people.This led to Sarawak increasing in the eyes of the Brunei Sultan.Pengiran Indera Mahkota was immediately resented by the Sarawak people who had been autonomously administered by a local chieftain.Moreover Pengiran Indera Mahkota mistreated the local people and forced them to work without payment called forced labor. Pengiran Indera Mahkota failed to restore law and order in Sarawak. So Omar Ali Saifuddien ll sent Pengiran Bendahara in 1836 to assist Pengiran indera Mahkota to end the rebellion.

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I agree to some extent. The first reason is because Pengiran Muda Hashim didn't fulfill his promise to make James Brooke the governorship of Sarawak. Pengiran Muda Hashim promised James Brooke the governorship of Sarawak if he continued the war effort and ended the rebellion without the Sultan knowing. He kept delaying his promise and that made James Brooke angry towards Pengiran Muda Hashim which lead to him threatening Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II to appoint him as the Governorship of Sarawak and sign and an agreement with him.

The second reason is because of James Brooke becoming the Rajah of Sarawak. During 1846, James Brooke kept pressuring the Sultan to sign an additional agreement with him. For this reason, Brunei lost territories from Tanjung Datu to Samarahan River. This treaty marked the beginning of the loss of Brunei territories to the British.

In conclusion, I agree that Pengiran Muda Hashim was the reason for the start of British intervention in Brunei. If he didn't make the promise from the start, James Brooke wouldn't have became the Governorship of Sarawak and steal Brunei's territories.

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We agree with this statement because of the Sarawak Rebellion. Pengiran Muda Hashim had promised James Brooke the Governorship of Sarawak if he could end the rebellion in 1842.However, Pengiran Muda Hashim took too long making James Brooke the governor of Sarawak this led to James Brooke forcefully take Sarawak. By loading up the guns of The Royalist and reached the Sultan's palace. Signing an agreement for James Brooke to be appointed as governor of Sarawak in 24 September 1841. Another point is whereby, when Pengiran Muda Hashim died because of him needing help from a foreigner. This made James Brooke in rage, he enlisted the help of Thomas Cochrane (a British Rear-Admiral) to attack Brunei.

However,we also disagree with the statement, as Pengiran Indera Mahkota was also one of the reason why British intervened in Brunei. James Brooke saw an opportunity when he found out Pengiran Indera Mahkota mistreated the locals by forced labor to reach maximum profit from antimony mines. This led to an outbreak of a local rebellion against Pengiran Indera Mahkota. That made the Sultan send Pengiran Muda Hashim to end the rebellion but he couldn't, he had no choice but to seek help from James Brooke.

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Yes, i agree to some extent. PMH was extremely desperate in ending the Sarawak rebellion in 1839 due to PMH and PIM had political conflict so both couldn't solve the rebellion. other than that, the rebels had a huge advantage because they were supported by Sultan Sambas so they were supplied food and medicine. In addition, JB then arrived in Sarawak on 15th August 1839. PMH sought JB assistance in ending the rebellion. JB accepted the offer he made a deal with PMH regarding the governorship of Sarawak. After several months , PMH hasn't officially made JB the governor of Sarawak which made JB lose patience causing him loading guns of the royalist to approach the Sultan Of Brunei. An agreement was immediately drawn up and signed. Brooke was finally appointed as the Governor of Sarawak on 24 September 1841.Then, JB had felt like PMH's presence was a political obstacle and asked PMH to return back to Brunei. When PMH went back to Brunei JB and the British Naval Forces forcibly re-installed PMH as Pengiran Bendahara which made some nobilities including Pengiran Temenggong to plot PMH's murder. When JB heard of the murder of PMH he was furious.He enlisted the help of Thomas Cochrane, a british rear admiral to attack Brunei. In early July 1846,the British gunships arrived in Brunei and overcame the Brunei's meagre defence. In August 1846 , SOAS II was able to return to the palace after fleeing to Limau Manis for protection where he was pressured to sign an agreement on 2 August 1846. This was the start of the early Political impacts of foreign intervention including the Birtish

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Pengiran Muda Hashim was not entirely at fault for the start of british intervention. I disagree because the Sarawak governor, Pengiran Indera Mahkota He mistreated and forced the locals to work without payment and it was unfair towards them because Brunei earned maximum profits from the antimony mines through forced labour by the locals which started the rebellion in 1839. This led to Sultan sending Pengiran Muda Hashim to settle down the rebellion. In desperation, he did not want to fail his duty as the highest ranking wazir and get asked about his credibility as Pengiran Bendahara. Pengiran Muda Hashim was unable to complete his mission because of political conflict with Pengiran Indera Mahkota. Pengiran Muda Hashim seeked help from James Brooke to end the rebellion.

However, I agree that Pengiran Muda Hashim was the reason because, Pengiran Muda Hashim carelessly promised the role governorship of Sarawak to a foreigner who is not familiar with the Brunei laws and religion which was James Brooke. Pengiran Muda Hashim also offered the role to James Brooke without the Sultan's comfirmation and validation. Few months go by in April 1841 and Pengiran Muda Hashim still haven't fulfilled his promised to James Brooke. James Brooke lost patience and threatened the Sultan Palace with his ''Royalist''. This led to the Sultan forcefully appointed James Brooke as the Governor of sarawak on 1st August 1842.

In conclusion, it was not partially Pengiran Muda Hashim's fault because he wasnt the only one who was involved in the British intervention in Brunei.

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I agree to some extent, because Pengiran Muda Hashim was the first one to approach James Brooke due to the rebellion that occurred at Sarawak in 1839. He witnessed a rebellion against Pengiran Indera Mahkota, the governor of Sarawak. The rebellion was closely related to Antimony, a natural resource that had been discovered in Sarawak in 1824 and became an economic source for the people. Pengiran Muda Hashim made a deal with James Brooke that he will get the tittle as Governor of Sarawak if he helped Pengiran Muda Hashim stop the rebellion. After that getting the Governor of Sarawak tittle, he signed a treaty with the Sultan and soon became the Rajah of Sarawak and he slowly starting to intervene with Brunei since then.

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We agree that Pengiran Muda Hashim (PMH) was the reason for the start of British intervention in Brunei. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II in 1836 sent PMH to Sarawak to assist Pengiran Indera Mahkota (PIM) in ending the rebellion. However, back in 1839, James Brooke (JB) arrived in Sarawak and witnessed a rebellion against PIM caused by Antimony, a natural resource and valuable item that was discovered in 1824. Furthermore, it became economic sources for the Sarawak people. Also, it led to a profitable trade link between Sarawak and Singapore. PMH saw JB as a solution to the rebellion and sought his help. In addition, he showed his weakness and desperation to end the rebellion, especially when he was unable to work with PIM due to political conflict. This marked the beginning of Brooke's involvement in local affairs.

However we also disagree with this statement because PIM was also the reason for British intervention involvement in Brunei. While PMH did invite the British to help with internal problems , PIM thought this was a big mistake. He believed that letting the British into Brunei's affairs would weaken the country and take away its independence, especially from people like JB, who later took control of Sarawak. Back in 1839, PIM was the Governor of Sarawak and was hated by the Sarawak people because he treated the people unfairly. Moreover, PIM forced them to work without payment and pay taxes. This made Brunei can gained economic control over the locals and natives. On top of that, PIM failed to bring back law and Brunei's system. He felt that this kind of intervention would cause more problems, making Brunei lose its power and control.

In conclusion, instead of blaming Pengiran Muda Hashim alone, Pengiran Indera Mahkota was also the reason why the British involvement in Brunei happened. Both of them had a political conflict that making them unable to end the rebellion themselves.

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I agree with the statement that Pengiran Muda Hashim was partially the reason for the start of British intervention in Brunei. This is because of the fact that he had desperately needed James Brooke's help in ending the Sarawak rebellion with the promise of becoming governor of Sarawak in 1839. When Pengiran Muda Hashim had prolonged his promise, James Brooke loaded up the Royalist with guns and forcefully claimed governorship of Sarawak in 1841, which was confirmed by SOAS II in 1842. This marked the beginning of Brunei losing territory.

However, I also disagree, Pengiran Muda Hashim did not start the British intervention and it was not completely his fault due to the fact the locals had been working on finding antimony relentlessly without any rest or payment in return, Pengiran Indera Mahkota had started the rebellion in the first place. He also had a disagreement with Pengiran Indera Mahkota in 1836, leading to difficulty to end the rebellion.

In conclusion, although I agree Pengiran Muda Hashim had some part for the start of British intervention in Brunei, it wasn't completely his fault as Pengiran Indera Mahkota had also contributed to this problem by not wanting to help end the rebellion he had started.