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The Aedes mosquito transmits a positive-stranded enveloped RNA virus (Dengue). The dengue Virus has three structural proteins, four antigenically distinct stereotypes, and seven non-structural proteins.

The dengue virus infection presents a broad spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms, ranging from a slight fever to a severe physiological condition, including dengue fever or dengue shock.

Dengue fever is an acute disease symptom characterized by :

Myalgia

Body rash

Biphasic fever

Headache,

Joint pain,

Retro-orbital pain

Thrombocytopenia

Lymphadenopathy

Leukopenia

Dengue Shock Syndrome

It is a form of hypovolemic shock that causes a reduction in one's peripheral perfusion. This can lead to tissue injury and multi-organ failure.

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Dengue has been reported in more than 100 countries in the world's tropical and subtropical regions.

The dengue epidemic occurs annually and affects people in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia and travelers within these regions.

Dengue has increased in the Americas over the past 40 years, from 1.5 million reported cases in the 1980s to 16.2 million reported cases in the last deceased (2010-2019).

In 2023, the highest number of dengue cases were reported in the Americas region, with a total of 4 565,911 cases reported.

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In most cases, dengue can be treated at home with pain medicine

Acetaminophen is often used to control pain

Rest

Fluids for hydration

The Dengvaxia vaccine is available for people who have had dengue at least once in their lives and live where it is common.

If symptoms become severe, then it is a medical emergency.

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The Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization provide technical support and advice to help control and prevent the spread of dengue.

The Prevention and Control of Arboviral Diseases

The Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Member States adopted the Prevention and Control of Aboviral Diseases in 2016. It carries out work to help prevent and control dengue.

The Arboviral Diagnosis Laboratory Network of the Americas (RELDA)

RELDA was established in 2008 to help strengthen the technical capacities for dengue diagnosis and establish a standardized laboratory protocol.

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The Arbovirus Diagnosis Laboratory Network of the Americas (RELDA). PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization. (n.d.-b). https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue/arbovirus-diagnosis-laboratory-network-americas-relda

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, September 20). Symptoms and treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/index.html

Dengue. PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization. (n.d.-a). https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue

Kularatne, S. A., & Dalugama, C. (2022a). Dengue infection: Global Importance, immunopathology and management. Clinical Medicine, 22(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2021-0791

Kularatne, S. A., & Dalugama, C. (2022b). Dengue infection: Global Importance, immunopathology and management. Clinical Medicine, 22(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2021-0791

Roy, S. K., & Bhattacharjee, S. (2021). Dengue virus: Epidemiology, Biology, and Disease Aetiology. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 67(10), 687–702. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0572

World Health Organization. (2024, January 9). Neglected tropical diseases. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/neglected-tropical-diseases

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Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease caused by the flavivirus dengue virus (DENV).

Dengue is an arboviral infection commonly transmitted by the mosquitos Aedes aegypti, which are extremely common in tropical and subtropical climates.

It results in approximately 400 million cases and 22,000 deaths worldwide each year.

It is one of the most important fast growing mosquito borne infections around the world and remains a major public health concern.

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Dengue can be detected in two ways:

Through laboratory diagnosis from a blood sample or culture.

Through the detection of anti-dengue antibodies in serum/plasma.

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Immediately go to the emergency room or a local clinic if you have the following symptoms:

Vomiting at least 3 times as day

Bleeding from the nose or gum

Vomiting Blood

Restlessness

Abdominal tenderness

Blood in stool