# data[].attributes.body
This Supreme Court decision decided that whether enslaved or free, African Americans could not be seen as citizens in the court. This greatly jeopardized the status of freed people in the North and perpetuated slavery in the South.

# data[].attributes.body
Abolished slavery throughout the United States, marking a monumental step in the fight for civil rights and laying the groundwork for future legal and societal changes supporting equality. However, an included clause state that slavery or involuntary servitude is still legal as a punishment for a crime.

# data[].attributes.body
Guaranteed equal protection under the laws to all citizens, significantly impacting civil rights by establishing the principle of equal treatment and protection for all, regardless of race.

# data[].attributes.body
Granted all men the right to vote, including African American men, attempting to ensure more inclusive participation in the democratic process and addressing one of the fundamental injustices of the time.

# data[].attributes.body
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Named after a black minstrel show character, these laws were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and were a blatant form of racial discrimination.

# data[].attributes.headline
Beginning with Jim Crow Laws, De jure segregation

# data[].attributes.subject
Beginning with Jim Crow Laws, De jure segregation

# data[].attributes.body
Legal segregation or separation enforced by law, as was common in the American South through practices like 'Jim Crow' laws, illustrating a formalized structure of racial inequality and discrimination.

# data[].attributes.body
This act marked the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States, specifically targeting Chinese laborers, and reflecting racial prejudices and economic fears of the time. Despite being a clearly and explicitly racist piece of legislation, the Chinese Exclusion Act continued for 60 years.

# data[].attributes.body
The Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine, paving the way for the establishment of Jim Crow laws across the South.

# data[].attributes.body
Widened the scope of civil rights by granting women the right to vote, a pivotal moment in the women’s suffrage movement and a significant advancement toward gender equality in America.

# data[].attributes.body
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's order prohibiting racial discrimination in the national defense industry, the first federal action to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Authorized the forced relocation and internment of Japanese-Americans during WWII, highlighting the vulnerabilities of civil rights during periods of national crisis.

# data[].attributes.body
The Supreme Court's decision that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, signaling a significant blow to the practice of segregated education.

# data[].attributes.body
Marks the courageous attempt to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, by the 'Little Rock Nine,' demonstrating the challenges and resistance faced in the implementation of Brown v. Board of Education.

# data[].attributes.body
Comprehensive legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, marking a critical point in the civil rights movement and altering the social and legal landscape of America.

# data[].attributes.body
A landmark piece of federal legislation that prohibits racial discrimination in voting, reinforcing the 15th Amendment and ensuring greater enforcement of voting rights for minorities.

# data[].attributes.headline
Beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, De facto segregation

# data[].attributes.subject
Beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, De facto segregation

# data[].attributes.body
Refers to racial segregation that occurs 'by fact' rather than by legal requirement, often manifesting through economic disparities and social behaviors, highlighting ongoing challenges in achieving racial equality.

# data[].attributes.body
The Supreme Court decision that established a woman's legal right to an abortion, marking a significant milestone in the women's rights movement and the ongoing debate around reproductive rights.

# data[].attributes.body
Policies designed to promote access to education or employment among minority groups and women. A controversial yet impactful approach towards creating more equitable opportunities across American society.

# data[].attributes.body
The Supreme Court ruling that upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy but forbidding the use of quotas. It underscored the complexities of addressing racial inequalities in education.

# data[].attributes.body
The Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, representing a historic victory for LGBTQ+ rights and an important affirmation of the principle of equality under the law.