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Aim: How did river valleys shape the outcome of ancient civilizations?

Essential Question: What were the essential features of the ancient world?

Do Now: Imagine yourself as someone living in ancient times. What are some resources you believe would be essential to you and your family?

Important Vocabulary:

Ancient River Valley Civilization

Fertile

Nile River

Agriculture

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Mesopotamia, known in modern times as Iraq, was one of the very first civilizations to settle close to a river valley in Southwest Asia.

The first to settle in Mesopotamia called themselves "Sumerians", and were some of the first to develop what are known as "city-states".

Most living in Mesopotamia settled along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which gave off rich, and fertile soil. The benefit of having easy access to fertile land meant that the people of ancient times could transition from hunting and gathering, to more permanent places of living while relying on farming for food.

As fresh water, and fertile land became more reliable, agriculture became a dominant component of everyday life, and cultures began to flourish. With civilizations beginning to live in more permanent locations, they were able to change their focus and create technological advancements that would benefit all people living in the land.

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The Ancient Egyptians had access to one of the most fertile rivers, known as the Nile River. Similar to Ancient Mesopotamia, the Nile River provided fresh water, and soil good for farming. However, the Nile River featured abundant amounts of wildlife that could be used to hunt such as fish and ducks. The Ancient Egyptians used the fertile land to grow wheat, grain, fruits and vegetables.

One negative impact of living so close to rivers, was that often times intense flooding would occur. These floods gave no warning to those living within its borders, and would often be very destructive and cause significant loss of life.

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Ancient India/Pakistan arose along the Indus River Valley around 2500 BCE. Those living within Ancient India raised cattle (cows), pigs, goats and sheep. They also grew crops such as melons, and utilized wheat.

Ancient Indian society was based upon the Caste System, which utilized a social hierarchy. Men were placed higher than women, and had a higher role in society. Men were also better fed, and usually had more wealth than women.

Unfortunately, much of the Ancient Indian texts have not been deciphered, and the language has not been translated. This has made it difficult to understand key components of the ancient society, such as their religion and ways of life.

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The Yellow River is known as the "Cradle of Chinese Civilization". Just as the Nile River would often flood in Ancient Mesopotamia, so would the Yellow River in China.

The Ancient Chinese unified and created a singular society around the idea of working together to stop the devastation of the river floods. In 1600 BCE, the first Chinese Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, arose.

The Shang relied on the river for wheat, cabbage, and soybeans. They also hunted as well in order to acquire food, and clothing.

The Shang government was led by a king who wanted a standing army at all times. The Ancient Chinese utilized chariots, and foot soldiers.

The Shang are most known for being the first dynasty within China, as well as their ability to create a new language based around symbols.

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Nile River Cruises, El Tahrir, St, Dokki, Egypt