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''The election of 1860 shaped the future of the United States by heralding the end of slavery and marked by a time of unprecedented violence in the nation.''

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''A slave was considered by law as property, or chattel, and was deprived of most of the rights ordinarily held by free persons.''

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''Monetary and fiscal policy are different tools used to influence a nation's economy.''

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''Cultural values are a series of principles and values passed on generation after generation by our ancestors.''

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Extent and reach of the Federal government

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Extent and reach of the Federal government

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''The government sold bonds for the first time and Congress approved the first national banking system.''

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''The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South.''

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''By 1860, slave labor was producing over two billion pounds of cotton per year.''

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''On April 12, 1861, forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Less than two days later, the fort surrendered. No one was killed.''

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''The Southern states wanted to assert their authority over the federal government so they could abolish federal laws they didn't support, especially laws interfering with the South's right to keep slaves and take them wherever they wished.''

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The north and south developing differently led to increased

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The north and south developing differently led to increased

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''The North had become increasingly industrial and commercial while the South had remained largely agricultural. More important than these differences, however, was African-American slavery. Northerners generally wanted to limit the spread of slavery''

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''Sectionalism is overemphasized political, economic, and social loyalty to a region of a country rather than the country as a whole. It is associated with the belief that different regions of a country have their own individual characteristics and values.''

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''There was great wealth in the South, but it was primarily tied up in the slave economy. In 1860, the economic value of slaves in the United States exceeded the invested value of all of the nation's railroads, factories, and banks combined.''

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''Cultural values are a series of principles and values passed on generation after generation by our ancestors.''