# data[].attributes.body
Access: (access time and egress time taken)

# data[].attributes.body
Route experience:

safety issues, quality of public transport, seats not guaranteed, route through which it passes, infrastructure around the station

# data[].attributes.body
Time: (to reach the destination, time in traffic, time to change a mode of transport)

# data[].attributes.headline
Low adoption of public transport in Bangalore by middle-class working population

# data[].attributes.subject
Low adoption of public transport in Bangalore by middle-class working population

# data[].attributes.body
Public transport in Bangalore is serving lesser number of people than it is designed for. Currently, only 48% of public use public transport such as metro and buses

Source:

# data[].attributes.body
Poor mental health

Louder, overcrowded public transport further deteriorates their mental health

# data[].attributes.body
Efforts that public transport takes (metro and stairs)

# data[].attributes.headline
Poor FLMC (First and Last Mile Connectivity)

# data[].attributes.subject
Poor FLMC (First and Last Mile Connectivity)

# data[].attributes.body
Insufficient accessibility to public transport at the beginning and end of a journey.

# data[].attributes.headline
Unreliable timings and schedule of buses and metros 

# data[].attributes.subject
Unreliable timings and schedule of buses and metros 

# data[].attributes.body
Buses and metro do not have arrive at the place and time that they are supposed to arrive

Source-Mental health effects of public transport

Source-https://citizenmatters.in/bangalore-needs-better-transport-for-people-and-goods-not-elevated-roads/

# data[].attributes.body
Stagnant transport system:

when people are provided with service currently, they want something additional to be served.

# data[].attributes.headline
Using private transport is perceived as a symbol of affluence 

# data[].attributes.subject
Using private transport is perceived as a symbol of affluence 

# data[].attributes.body
Using personal transportation is seen as a symbol of affluence of the owners among their peers and society

# data[].attributes.body
Personal transportation allows for last-mile connectivity .

# data[].attributes.headline
Status Quo Bias of using private transport

# data[].attributes.subject
Status Quo Bias of using private transport

# data[].attributes.body
Status quo bias: people tend to stick with the current situation, even if they would gain by changing. This bias could contribute to continued reliance on private vehicles instead of considering public transport alternatives.

# data[].attributes.headline
Safety Concerns of traveling in public transportation

# data[].attributes.subject
Safety Concerns of traveling in public transportation

# data[].attributes.body
Traveling at night is unsafe Crowds can be unsafe due to

harassment

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Inadequate Fleet of Bus Transportation: 

# data[].attributes.subject
Inadequate Fleet of Bus Transportation: 

# data[].attributes.body
BMTC needs at least 15,000 buses to accommodate the public,(according to the population that it has ) but only has about 6,000 buses, which are often in poor condition.

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Financial Incentives for using private transportation 

# data[].attributes.subject
Financial Incentives for using private transportation 

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Cheaper two-wheeler loans, (it's easier to own a two wheeler).

Source-

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Bandwagon effect: Social proof. If the majority is predominantly using private vehicles for their daily commute, then their friends/family/colleagues observe them & follow suit and tend to avoid using public transport, regardless of its actual convenience or benefits.

# data[].attributes.body
Immediate gratification: People often prioritize immediate gratification over long-term benefits. The short-term inconvenience or perceived hassle of using public transport (e.g., longer travel times, multiple transfers) may outweigh the long-term benefits of reducing traffic congestion/environmental impact/cost effectiveness etc

# data[].attributes.body
Loss aversion may indeed play a role in people's decisions regarding transportation choices, including their preference for private transportation over public transportation.

1. Perceived Loss of Convenience:

2. Loss of Personal Space and Comfort in using public transport :

# data[].attributes.body
Present bias: (Present bias is the tendency to settle for a smaller present reward rather than wait for a larger future reward, in a trade-off situation. It describes the trend of overvaluing immediate rewards, while putting less worth in long-term consequences). In bangalore’s context: citizens prioritize the immediate comfort and familiarity of their current transportation habits over the potential long-term benefits of switching to public transport.

# data[].attributes.body
Availability heuristic: mental shortcut that involves making judgments or decisions based on the ease with which relevant examples or instances come to mind. People tend to rely on information that is readily available in their memory when making assessments or evaluating probabilities, rather than considering all available evidence. In Bangalore’s context, Due to the availability of information about people’s negative experiences related to public transport, citizens often develop a perception that public transport is unreliable or inconvenient, even if statistical data suggests otherwise→ leading to low adoption rates of public transport.

# data[].attributes.body
public dominant narrative

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Mindset

# data[].attributes.headline
Inconvenience to travel by public transport 

# data[].attributes.subject
Inconvenience to travel by public transport 

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Extra Cost  of private feeder transportation

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Extra Cost  of private feeder transportation

# data[].attributes.body
The cost of using public transportation gets increased due to the usage of non public feeder systems like rickshaws and bikes ,to reach bus or metro stations

# data[].attributes.headline
Lack of usage of public transport  in Bangalore

# data[].attributes.subject
Lack of usage of public transport  in Bangalore

# data[].attributes.body
Loans and financial instruments that sell the dream of freedom , safety and convenience .are sold at EMIs of as low as rs 2000-3000 a month

# data[].attributes.body
There's a high usage of private transport in Bangalore

Source: