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Dermal tissue covers the plant in most parts, and is found on the outer layer. The epidermis and periderm are examples of dermal tissue. It often has thicker walls and is covered with a waxy cuticle. Functions include defense against diseases, animals, and water loss.

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Meristem tissue is an area of actively dividing undifferentiated cells, called meristematic cells. These cells are found in area of the plant where it grows. These cells mature into different specialized cells and tissues.

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Vascular tissue consists of the xylem and the phloem. Its main role is to transport water and other nutrients to the different part of the plant. Supporting the plant's structure is another role it takes.

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There are three different types of ground tissues, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. The functions of these tissues is to: perform cellular processes, store carbohydrates, and to support and protect the plant structure.

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Parenchyma is a type of ground tissue. Consisted of thin walled cells they are only functional and living at maturity.

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This type of ground tissues are cells with cells lignin in their cell walls. They are dead at maturity.

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The final type of ground tissue is collenchyma which are thick walled cells that are living at maturity.

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Chloroplast are plastids that contain chlorophyll so that photosynthesis can take place. Chloroplast looks green inside plants.

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The blade is the flat part of the leaf which is attached to the stem by the petiole.

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The petiole is the stem/stalk like structure that connects the leaf to the rest of the plant, either a branch or stem.

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A simple leaf is a leaf that only has one blade.

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A compound leaf is a leaf that has multiple blades attached to the petiole.

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The cuticle is the outer casing or protective layer that covers the dermal tissue.

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The spongy mesophyll is a layer of loosely packed cells with air spaces between them, it is located on the lower part of the leaf.

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This type of stem is not made of wood, and is relatively pliable and flexible, containing a thin epidermis. These stems also have the ability to perform photosynthesis.

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The second type of stems, woody stems, are made of mostly bark, found on trees and branches. These stems do not usually perform photosynthesis. Palms and bamboos are also regarded as having woody stems. All gymnosperms have a woody stem.

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Vascular Cambium is a layer of meristematic cells located in the vascular tissue. This allows the woody stem to grow thicker and stronger over the years, because the vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem tissues.

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Cork cambium, which produces cork, is part of the bark and is a meristematic tissue layer that prevents water loss, and helps protect the stem from insects, and other predators.

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The periderm is the group of tissues that protect the stem, often the outer layer. Comprised of cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm.

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A monocot is a plant that only has one cotyledon.

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A dicot means a plant with two cotyledons.

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The xylem is one of the two transport tissues in vascular plants. The function of the xylem is to transport nutrients and water from the roots to various parts of the plant, such as the stems and leaves.

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The phloem is the second transport tissue which transports soluble compounds made during photosynthesis. It especially specializes in the transport of sugars to the rest of the plant. This process is called translocation.

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Transpiration is the process in which water is lost through evaporation, through the leaves of the plant. This is a passive way of moving water around in a plant, meaning it requires no energy, which is why it is used.

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Translocation is the process of which nutrients move throughout the plant. The phloem helps in this process by alowing the nutrients to to use its pathways.

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Companion cells are a type of parenchyma cell that support the phloem by cell metabolism and regulation.

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Turgor pressure is pressure buildup that occurs when the water inside the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall.

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Adhesion allows a substance to stick or attach to a certain object. In the case of plants, adhesion allows the plant to cling to water.

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Cohesion allows the same molecules to remain attached to each other without getting mixed with others.

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Tracheids are specialized cells in the gymnosperms that conduct water upwards to the plant.

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Sieve cells are special cells that are long and narrow. Their job is to conduct nutrients to the plants tissues evenly.

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The palisade mesophyll is located in the leaves of a plant and specializes in photosynthesis because most of the chloroplast is found here, hence why leaves are green. The palisade mesophyll is more organized and compact than the spongy mesophyll below it. They are closely packed for the function to absorb as much sunlight to help in photosynthesis.

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Root hairs are basically just extensions of the epidermal cells. Their function is to increase the surface area to absorb water and help extract nutrients better from the soil.

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The epidermis is like the plant's skin. It covers every part of the plant. It's job is much like our own skin, to protect it against diseases and infections. It also help retain water.

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The endodermis is the very most inner layer in vascular plants, made of tightly packed cells. The endodermis also separates the outer and inner tissues from each other.

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The casparian strip is a wax like strip that runs through the cell walls.

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The cortex, in plants, are tissues made of unspecialized cells. Its location is between the epidermis and the vascular tissues. Used for storage of carbohydrates, especially starch.

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The vascular cylinder is is found throughout the plant and is comprised of the phloem and xylem. Obviously its function is to transport water and nutrients.

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Root pressure is the osmotic force pushing xylem sap upward in root vascular tissues.

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Tropism is a directional change in growth in response to a stimulus.

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Phototropism is a change in direction of a growing plant in response to light.

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Gravitropism is a directional change to a growing plant in response to gravity.

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Thigmotropism is a directional change in a growth pattern in response to touch.

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Auxin are a group of compounds that acts in similar ways on plant growth and cell differentiation.

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Gibberellins are a family of compounds that share the same, or similar, chemical structure, that also work similar in plants. More than 100 different gibberellins have been discovered to date.

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Cytokinins share the same chemical structure and their role is to promote cell division. Mostly found in the tissues of the plant cytokinins help slow aging processes and stimulate cell division.

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Ethylene is a gas that is released by plants to regulate growth at certain stages. Also know as "the plant stress hormone" because it induces changes to the plant that protects it against environmental changes.

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Abscisic acid inhibits growth based on certain factors, such as light and seasons.

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Succession is the gradual change over time in a species that for a community.

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Primary succession is succession in an area that has no wildlife, plants, or soil.

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Secondary Succession is a succession in an ecosystem that has been disturbed by human activity or a natural disaster.

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Pioneer species are the first species to inhabit an area during succession.

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A stable community is when the wildlife, human, or plant population remains relatively the same over long periods of time. Equilibrium is achieved in these communities.

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Ecosystems are biological communities that interact with each other and their physical surroundings.

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Asexual reproduction is when an organism or plant can reproduce by itself, producing an exact replication of itself.

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Stolons are stems that grow horizontally along the ground ending in nodes where roots grow, extending the plant.

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Corms are round storage organs found underground to help the plant survive through seasons and environmental changes. Made of a swollen stem base.

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Grafting is to attach a young, growing, branch from a plant and attach it to the stem and roots of another plant.

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Scion is the detached part of the young plant used for grafting.

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Stalk, or stock, is the base plant that the young branch is attached to during grafting.

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Angiosperms are plants that flower and carry their seeds through fruit.

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Gymnosperms are vascular plants that reproduce by exposed seeds, such as pine cones.

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Essentially a seed is the plants embryo, containing the necessary information to create a new plant.

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An endosperm is the nutritive tissues inside of an angiosperm seed.

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Microspores are plant spores that develop into male gametophytes.

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Megaspores are plant spores that develop into female gametophytes.

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Gametophytes are divided into male and female parts. The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. The female gametophyte is the embryo sack.

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A pollen grain is the male gametophyte. It makes a powdery white substance known as pollen for reproduction.

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Cross-Pollination is when pollen grains transfer from one plant to another.

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Self- Pollination is when pollen is transferred from one flower to the next on the same plant.

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A pollen tube is a structure produced by the male gametophyte that delivers sperm cells to the female gametophyte.

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A zygote is an eukaryotic cell formed between two haploid gametes. The zygote create embryonic and post embryonic tissues.

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A sporophyte is a diploid that produces spores that which can decides which spore it will become.

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The stamen is the male reproductive floral part, consisting of the anther and the filament.

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The anther is the floral organ that produces pollen.

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The filament is the thin stalk that supports the anther.

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The carpel is female reproductive part composed of the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule.

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The stigma is the sticky surface at the top of the style.

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The style is the stalk that leads to the ovary.

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The ovary is the enlarged basal part of the pistil, it contains ovules.

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The ovule is the site of the egg cell fertilization, it stores then egg cell until pollen arrives.

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The petal is is the "leaves" of the flower, normally colored, and its function is to attract insects for pollination.

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The embryo is essentially a mini little plant.

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A pericarp is part of a fruit formed by the walls of the ovary. Its function is to protect the growing plant.

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Fruit is the vessel of the seed.