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3. Moving on, to The School of Athens by Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, and The Crucification of St. Peter, a fresco painting by the masterful Michelangelo Buonarotti. Already off the gate, you can tell how different these pieces are compared to Northern Renaissance art pieces just by the subject of the paintings as well as The Last Supper. These pieces are much more religious figure, greek mythology based. The artist portrayed St. Peter in the moment in which he was raised by Roman soldiers to the cross. Michelangelo concentrated his attention on the depiction of pain and suffering. The people are clearly distressed. Another thing you can notice with this painting is the way it looks compared to the Northern Renaissance paintings.  You can see the difference between oil and fresco. In my opinion, the oil paintings seem to pop a lot more and kind of bolden what you see in the eye at first glance. The colors are much more bright, you can see the brushstrokes, and clearly just the detail difference. Compared to the pieces that are shown above, the detail in these paintings are nowhere the same in my opinion. This kind fo shows how Italian Renaissance paintings kind of paved the way for Northern Renaissance painters.

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2. Starting off, looking at the Last Supper by one of the greatest artists to ever live, Leonardo da Vinci. This painting is magnificent. The scene in this piece is absolutely masterful. The painting represents the Last Supper of Jesus with the Twelve Apostles. Specifically, the moment after Jesus announces that one of their apostles will betray him. The handling of space, mastery of perspective, and complex display of human emotion have made it one of the Western world's most recognizable paintings and among Leonardo's most celebrated works.  Now one of the differences in this painting compared to Northern Renaissance was the material used in this painting. Northern Renaissance painting was hugely classified as the oil painting era. This was before that time. Instead of painting with water-soluble paints onto wet plaster, Leonardo painted The Last Supper on a wall sealed with a double layer of gesso, pitch, and mastic. Then, borrowing from panel painting, he added an undercoat of white lead to enhance the brightness of the oil and tempera that was applied on top. This style of painting was considered to be a little bit riskier than fresco painting.

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1. The Italian and Northern Renaissance had some similarities, but also had major differences in the type of artwork created and what that artwork looked like. The Italian Renaissance was heavily focused on the upper class with elaborator works of art that were commissioned by wealthy families and organizations. The art focused on Greek and Roman mythology and had many religious themes. Italy was governed by city-states which influenced how the Renaissance spread. There was very little influence from the Italian renaissance until around 1450. Around 1450 ideas such as humanism began to spread around Europe and resulted in renaissance movements in Germany, France England, the Netherlands, etc. Art of the Northern Renaissance was focused on things such as daily peasant lie and valued simple living. Italian artworks were much more focused on religious figures and religious themed artwork. Northern Renaissance artwork was much more free and focused on the idea of realism. Artists in that era were much more focused on details, and making the art look very much like real life. In both renaissances, the art produced imitated nature through emotional intensity. Italian was much more religion based, but Northern Renaissance had religion included if that makes sense. The power of education and individualism were foundational beliefs in both movements. Both movements impacted Europe forever.

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https://smarthistory.org/reframing-art-history/printing-painting-northern-renaissance-art/

https://www.sothebys.com/en/art-movements/northern-renaissance

https://medium.com/thinksheet/how-to-read-paintings-self-portrait-by-albrecht-d%C3%BCrer-7bfbb148b691

https://study.com/learn/lesson/northern-vs-italian-renaissance-paintings-differences-art-examples.html

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-da-Vinci/Last-Supper

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5. The next painting is a painting called The Peasant Wedding by Pieter Bruegel. Pieter was one of the North's greatest painters creating works that focused on landscape and contemporary life rather than the grand narratives favored by the Mediterranean masters of the past century. He made everyday life the subject of his art, giving as much attention to ordinary people as Italian artists gave to holy figures and classical heroes. The peasant wedding reflects the ordinary and comfortable life, which is full of sincere emotion. In order to make his painting match with simple atmosphere of the countryside, the artist intends to paint the clothes of all the characters in same color. He derived the subjects of his art from his responses to the world he lived in, and used oil paint to create a plausible illusion of reality.

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4. The Tempest is one of my favorite paintings in the bunch. I think it is a prime example of artists kind of moving away from religious paintings and moving onto paintings that are much more creative and display what the artists want to depict. It's an invention. A fantasy world. It's one of the first paintings I've seen of this time where an artist has depicted their own real world in their painting. This painting for me is so mysterious. You can see a scatter of things. You see a woman nursing a child, sitting in a landscape, while there is thunder happening with a soldier figure standing there. It's so awesome. Look at the vivid details included in this picture. The buildings in the back, the trees, the clothing, the sky, it all look so magnificent. The visible brush strokes, lush color, softness and sheer luminosity of this painting make you want to look for hours.

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3. Looking at the paintings above, you can see the amazing use of oil paint and how it allowed these artists to do certain things to their art that allowed it to stand out. All of the art I have chosen shows outstanding detail and beautiful use of oil paint and the things these artists were able to achieve with it. For example, diving into Albrecht Durer's self portrait of himself around the year 1500. Durer was a fantastic artist that could paint a face identically down to the hair. This portrait was an exercise piece that allowed Durer to show off their exceptional observation skills and his technical abilities at depicting textures and facial features. Back then, nobody was doing it like him. He took his craft so seriously and he would always leave the face for last because that's the part he was so good with and knew he could show people how fantastic he really was. Not that he needed to, but he sure did. The facial details, the detials on his hand, wrinkles, hair, eyes, everything is so intricate and perfect. Albrecht Durer was truly a fantastic artist and a superstar of the Northern 16th century.

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2. Now to get into the impact of oil painting and how it allowed all these different artists to completely change how they view/make art. There are many advantages to the use of oil paint. Some of the advantages are the flexibility and depth of color of the oils used. Because it is slow to dry, artists can continue working with the paint for much longer than other types of paint. Its slow drying time allowed artists to broaden their brushstrokes and blend transitions of tone and color to a smoothness that was previously unachievable. Oil provided a versatile medium in which the artist was allowed the freedom to change how the painting came out and the amount of bloom it displayed. Another advantage of oil paints was that the oil did not noticeably change in color such as water painting which can change the outlook of the painting after drying. Oil allowed artists to be versatile. Artists in this era were very much focused on making everything look very real. The background, the main components of a picture, is down to the grass in a field. Oil allowed them to do that.

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1. Northern Renaissance artists were masters of observation and technique while their Italian counterparts were more concerned with linear perspective, form and proportion. Northern Renaissance artists excelled at empirical perspectives and minute realistic detail. One of the most technical developments of this time period was the use of oil paint which allowed artists to blend, mix and create texture right on the canvas. Wood, rather than stone was the preferred media of sculptors. Now if we're talking about oil paint, we need to talk about Jan van Eyck. Before I dive into the paintings above, it is mandatory to talk about this absolutely astonishing artist. Although he is not the creator of oil paint, he had a significant impact on Northern Renaissance. He used oil paint so effectively and utilized it better than any artists before his time. Before Van Eyck, nobody truly knew the potential of oil painting. He is credited with originating a style of painting characterized by minutely realistic depictions of surface effects and natural light. The first master of oil paints. Van Eyck is responsible for oil techniques such as oil glazing which are still used to this day! Van Eyck changed the scene in oil painting.

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The School of Athens is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. The fresco was painted between 1509 and 1511 as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.

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The Crucifixion of St. Peter is a fresco painting by the Italian Renaissance master Michelangelo Buonarroti. It was created around 1546 and is the last fresco executed by Michelangelo.

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The Last supper is a mural painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. This piece was created around 1495.  It is one of the most famous pieces in the world.

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The Equestrian Portrait of Charles V is a painting done by Tiziano Vecelli known in English as Titian. The portrait was made in 1548 and was in the oil on canvas category.

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The Ambassadors is a painting done by Hans Holbein the Younger. The portrait was made around 1533. It is an oil paint on oak canvas.

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The artist of this painting is Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco also known as, Giorgione. Giorgione was a famous Italian painter. This piece that he created was called The Tempest. It was created around 1506 and it is an oil on canvas piece.

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The artist of this painting is Pieter Bruegel, one of the north's great painters. The title of this painting is The Peasant Wedding created around 1567. The painting is made out of oil paint .

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The artist of this painting was Albrecht Dürer, a superstar of the Northern 16th Century. It is a self-portrait he created of himself around the year 1500 just before his 29th birthday. The materials of this piece consist of oil on a wood canvas.