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In 1635, the Boston Latin School became the first school to open in the thirteen colonies. It is also considered to be the nation’s oldest public school, according to American Board.

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After the Revolutionary War, Thomas Jefferson believed there should be an education system. He envisioned that it would be supported by taxpayer dollars.

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The American Spelling Book by Noah Webster was a major development in education. It set spelling and grammatical standards for the English language in America. Known as “Blue-Backed Speller,” it was first published in 1783.

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By the mid-19th century, academics became the focus of public schools.
Noah Webster made another contribution with his American Dictionary of the English Language. It heavily influenced America’s dialect.

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Schools made progress in creating a formalized system. Massachusetts was the first state to create a Board of Education

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The federal Department of Education was founded. It helped establish a national standard for education.

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School attendance was mandatory for students aged 8-14 in 31 states. In 1918, all states required students to complete elementary school.

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Education took a new turn with John Dewey’s idea of progressive education, which encouraged children to advocate for and engage in a democratic society. Under Dewey’s theory, children would be educated to reach their full potential.

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Social issues that had been developing since the Civil War began to redefine who was allowed to benefit from public education.

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Lawmakers enacted new legislation to assist students. In 1965, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act gave additional funding to local schools educating socioeconomically-limited children. That same year, low- to middle-income students became eligible for federal aid beyond high school through the Higher Education Act.

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The Migrant Education Program was established to meet the educational and social needs of migrant children, as shared by the Monterey County Office of Education.

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In the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ruling, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC v. Penn called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and thorough evaluation.

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The Indian Education Act was introduced. The act authorized many grants and a formula program for Indian children and adults. It also established the Office of Indian Education and the National Advisory Council on Indian Education.

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In the wave of the PARC and Mills ruling, [AR1] Congress set out to uncover how many children with special education needs were being underserved. The Bureau of Education for the Handicapped found that there were eight million children requiring special education services. Of this total, 3.9 million students adequately had their educational needs met, 2.5 million were receiving a substandard education and 1.75 million weren’t in school.

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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was established. It requires public schools to facilitate suitable and free education for students with disabilities.

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School choice became an option as public charter schools started to grow. The first one was established in Minnesota.

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President Reagan signed the Handicapped Children’s Protection Act, a law that gave parents of children with disabilities more say in the development of their child’s Individual Education Plan, or IEP.

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State Assemblywoman Polly Williams authored the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program in Wisconsin. This was the first modern-day private school choice legislation.

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Public Law 101-476 called for significant changes to Public Law 94-142, or the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Traumatic brain injury and autism were added as new disability categories. Additionally, Congress mandated that as a part of a student’s IEP, an individual transition plan, or ITP, must be developed to help the student transition to post-secondary life.

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President George W. Bush reauthorized The Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It was renamed No Child Left Behind, bringing in standards-based testing reforms and penalities for schools that fail to meet adequate yearly progress goals.

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Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability, and improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. It also required states to demand that local school districts shift up to 15% of their special education funds toward general education if it were determined that a disproportionate number of students from minority groups were placed in special education for reasons other than disability.

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President Obama reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 2015 as the Every Student Succeeds Act, which provides many measures of assessments for student achievement.

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Nwefblog. (2022, January 5). America's education timeline. NWEF. Retrieved November 3, 2022, from https://noahwebstereducationalfoundation.org/americas-education-timeline/

School of Education and Human Sciences, University of Kansas. (2021, October 18). Timeline of the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA). KU SOE. Retrieved November 3, 2022, from https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline