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In the early morning of April 12, 1861, rebels opened fire on Fort Sumter, officially starting the war.

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James Wilson Marshall found flakes of gold in the American River at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains near Coloma, California.

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During the period of the gold rush miners extracted more than 750,000 pounds of gold.

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In the year of 1949 many people around the United States sold their valuables to travel to California in pursuit of wealth due to The Gold Rush.

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Tools used in mining during The California Gold Rush.

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Large numbers of Chinese began to come in 1850 for the same reason many Americans were heading heading to California, the gold rush.

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Chinese inmigrants working in the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.

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Many Americans looked down on all immigrants, the Chinese were considered racially as well as culturally inferior.

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By 1870 there were 63,000 Chinese in the United States. 77% of this population were in the state of California.

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The California Gold Rush lasted from 1848 to 1855.

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North Americas’ first transcontinental Railroad was a 3,075 km. This continous railroad line was constructed between 1863 and 1869.

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Before the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, it cost nearly $1,000 dollars to travel across the country. After the railroad was completed, the price dropped to $150 dollars.

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The building of the Transcontinental Railroad escalated the conflict between Native American tribes and settlers who had easier access to new territories.

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With war upon the land, President Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to serve for three months.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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African American parade in honour of adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment.

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Andrew Johnson pardoning Confederate soldiers at the White House, Washington, D.C.

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Victorious Soldiers Return after the Civil War.

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The Fifteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, ratified March 30, 1870, provided that all male citizens were entitled to vote.

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Freed population receiving education.

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African Americans became involved in the political process not only as voters but also as governmental representatives at the local, state and national level.

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In the First Battle of Marne, French and British forces confronted the invading Germany army.

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Photo of a World War I French aircraft Carrier. Carries made a huge different in the war letting aircrafts to execute missions without having to depend on local bases.

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French Soldiers in Verdun applying Trench warfare.

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World War I took the lives of more than 9 million soldiers; 21 million more were wounded. Civilian casualties numbered close to 10 million. The two nations most affected were Germany and France.