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Dr Azman Bidin obtained the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 2012 from Yeungnam University, South Korea in Media Effects (Entertainment-Education). He served over ten years with Telekom Malaysia (TM) from 1996, mainly under TM Net before continuing his master’s degree in communications management from Strathclyde University, Scotland.  After obtaining his Ph.D. in Korea, Azman Bidin joined the Faculty of Creative Multimedia at Multimedia University in Cyberjaya. There, he held the post of Program Coordinator for the Advertising Design Program in 2013 and short courses in 2014. He has a passion for approaches to use the media as positive tools for a human behavioural change agent and also in research of Entertainment-Education applications in the country and the region. He taught a few subjects in the advertising design program for his bachelor’s degree, such as Integrated Brand Promotion and Advertising Design. He also teaches and supervises a few master's and Ph.D. students. Azman Bidin is currently the head of the Department of Human Development in the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development at, the University of Malaysia Kelantan. He is also the Program Coordinator for the Master of Business Communication program at UMK since September 2019. Dr Azman is reachable at azman.bidin@umk.edu.my.

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1.       SELF-INTRODUCTION - DAYANG

My name is Dayang Nurshafekah binti Radjali, a student from Faculty of Agrobased Industry taking food security as my major course. I am currently a fourth year or final year student at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK Campus Jeli). I am from Semporna, Sabah. I look forward to being a part of this classroom and connecting with all of you. I am excited to be a part of this class. I am interested on reading a book so when I am outside of the classroom and not engaged in academic activities, I usually engage in reading a book. I taking STPM before enter university, (Pengajian am, pengajian perniagaan, sejarah and Geography). I finished my STPM at 2019. Food security taught me many things that I never been studied before especially about being an entrepreneurship, so it is a new experience for me.

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Data privacy has become an important issue when it comes to media policymaking as data is considered to be the most valuable thing in this age where technology reigns above us humans. To some people, their data may be insignificant or not really something they worry about on a daily basis like they do with other stuffs such as paying bills and so on. But unbeknownst to them, These data does impact them even more than they think when these data's are in the hands of some malicious individuals. These data's are easily sold to data brokers where they then use all the information gathered about a person and use it to scam them. As an example, Whenever a person searches about any product online, that information or data is then stored in the search engine database where software giants such as google use it for targeted advertisements. Just imagine, what could data miners do when they get their hand on the database, They are easily able to know almost everything a certain person desires and use those information against them. As an example, a recent TV series on ASTRO called I.D. represents data privacy misuses perfectly. They show just how much people can be affected when the data ends up in the hand of someone with ill intent. Thus, it is important to include data privacy when making policies as they are needed to regulate just how much or what information or the extent of personal information an individual is able to share online. It is mostly to protect the individual in a precautious manner as it is not easy take off something put on the media or the net.

Data privacy in the future might be more important since humanity is evolving, Many new aspects in science is being explored and cloning technology or genetic memory is something that we should look out for. Each human have different genetic makeup or data within themselves, They contain unique data that are solely unique for them and even ancestral data within them. So it is not entirely difficult to use said data to acquire information about the olden days. As an example of this phenomenon occuring, A game called Assassins creed shows us how genetic data can be used to research on our history and even how it could be easily turn into a catastrophe is fallen to the wrong hands. Thus, soon there should be legislations for genetic data privacy so we as a society are able to protect ourselves from being exploited.

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I'm Dharvind A/L Selva Ratnam and am currently studying for Bachelor of Applied science in Bioindustry Technology. I've been interested in this course for a while since I want to work as an entrepreneur and I think there will be a bright future in it. I genuinely think that I can survive long enough to contribute to this profession and help it progress because I am also quite passionate about it. My hopes are that this course will help me comprehend media and provide me with more knowledge about how to use and perceive media for my own benefit. Additionally, I'd like to understand how the way that people view media influences a company, a product, or a group so that I may benefit from it when i become an entrepreneur.

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My name is Ellyesfipika Febby Enos, from Ranau, Sabah, studied Agrotechnology at UMK's Jeli Campus. I'm the oldest of three siblings and come from the Dusun community in Sabah and the Kayan-Kenyah people in Sarawak. Before going to university, I finished my STPM in 2018-2019. I chose Agrotechnology because I love farming and believe it's a good business. I enjoy exploring media because today's era is highly driven by it. Therefore, it's very important to have knowledge about media, assumptions, and empathy towards communities so that media can be manipulated for better use in the future. I hope that through this subject, I can fulfill my desire to expand my knowledge in media facilities.

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I picked this Theory because I personally have experienced this before since i was small.This theory generally means that,People will only believe what they want to believe in the media they watch. Even if said media is not factual or the actual truth have been disclosed,They still refuse to believe in the truth as it is not something they resonate or accept.I personally believe this because I myself am a conspiracy theory enthusiast.Since an early age I've been exposed to shows like Ancient Aliens,Illuminati and other mysterious and interesting topics. I am also a very skeptical person, and watching media related to this topic helped me to understand that i shouldnt believe anything the media throws at me without solid proof.As an example of the acceptance theory is how Flat Earthers refuse to believe the world is spherical shape eventhough it had been proved plenty of times and debunked in plenty of experiments.I want to use this acceptance theory by gaining profound knowledge on how I'll be able to create a way to clean oil spills and reduce microplastics in a more cost efficient and time efficient way with solid proof.This will help me capitalise this market as well as help me gain government or overseas support/funds.It'll both help me build my career and reputation in this field as well make the environment better.

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3.   MEDIA GOVERNANCE  - FREEDOM OF SPEECH – DAYANGG

Freedom of speech often misused by many user of social media. Some of the user like to separate hate speech or even disinformation that sometimes can be detrimental to some person or party. That is why there are principles of freedeom of speech in media governance. Regarding media governance, maintaining freedom of speech means finding a middle ground between defending people's freedom of expression and making sure that the media landscape is characterized by morally and responsibly expressed opinions. The principles are included legal protection, ethical standard and public interest. For example, we can share a content without separate hate on tiktok platform by express our opinions, talents and social media trends. These act can be used to separate awareness about social issues and promote education. As a Malaysian citizen we should be more careful and know our limits when using social media nowadays.

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I am Sacheen, and currently studying for Bachelor of Applied Science in Forest Resources Technology. I choose this course because i see a bright future in this paticular course, and it might help me to become an entrepreneur one day. Through this new media subject i hope it could provide me better understanding & knowledge on how to expect my business, how to use and preceive media for my benefit.

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ii. Media Effect -> Reception Theory [ SACHEEN ]

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ii. Media Effect -> Reception Theory [ SACHEEN ]

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The reason i picked this theory because i was been exposed and taught about this theory when i were small. This theory generally means, the audience who watch and understanding of what is happening in the text, screen or books by imagine it. Reception Theory emphasizes the limitations of traditional media effects research, which often assumed a uniform impact on a passive audience. By acknowledging the audience's active role in constructing meaning, it allows for a more nuanced understanding of how media shapes our perceptions and behaviors. It also empowers audiences, recognizing them as active agents in the media consumption process.

However, Reception Theory is not without its limitations. It can be difficult to definitively measure the specific decoding positions adopted by large audiences. Additionally, the theory focuses primarily on the individual audience member, neglecting the influence of social groups and power structures in shaping interpretations.

When i were small, i was expose more towards books reading whereby my mom used to bring me and my siblings to the library every friday after our school finishes. It has become a weekly routines for us to visit the library as it goes by. Every time i visited the library, i will always sit in a conner and read some intersting graphical story books. This starts exposing me to the recepyion theory every time i read, i start imagining the story in the book.

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iii. Media Governance Media Policymaking -> Content Classification [ SACHEEN ]

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iii. Media Governance Media Policymaking -> Content Classification [ SACHEEN ]

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Content classification acts as a gatekeeper in media governance, which it aims is to balance freedom of expression with protecting audiences and particularly children. Which the classification systems typically categorize media based on content deemed which would be unsuitable for certain age groups, such as children who are ageing from 7 to 18 years old. This type of viewers, who would make informed choices while safeguarding vulnerable populations from potentially harmful material.

On the positive side of content classification, it empowers individuals or particularly parents to make informed choices about what media would they and their children consume. In media content, with age restrictions on violent content would shield the young minds of the children from inappropriate material, while flagging hate speech allows users to avoid negativity. This would fosters a healthier media environment to the consumers.

However, on the negative aspects also emerge. Classification systems can be subjective and leading to censorship or the stifling of diverse voices. What one culture deems offensive, another might consider artistic expression. Over broad categorization which can restrict many access to valuable information and creative works.

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iv. New Media And Democracy -> Spreading awareness and fostering collective action  [ SACHEEN ]

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iv. New Media And Democracy -> Spreading awareness and fostering collective action  [ SACHEEN ]

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Democracy thrives on an informed citizenry. Traditionally, this role fell to established media outlets. The rise of new media such as social media platforms, blogs, and online forums has revolutionized how information spreads and awareness is raised in this digitalization era. There are positive and negative impacts of new media in spreading awareness in the role of New Media in Democracy.New media allows individuals to become citizen journalists. They can document and share events in real-time, bypassing traditional gatekeepers. This democratizes information access, allowing previously unheard voices to be amplified. Social media could raise awareness about social injustices, environmental concerns or political corruption that is happening in our country to the public.

However, the very speed and reach of new media can be a double-edged sword. The ease of sharing information can lead to the spread of misinformation and "fake news. When there are unverified content on the sosial media , it can lead the content becoming viral and causing the users in eroding trust in credible sources.

To  mitigate these negative aspects, media literacy is important and should be taken serious.  Equipping citizens with the skills to critically evaluate information, identify bias, and discern real news from fabrication is essential. Additionally, social media platforms have a responsibility to combat misinformation. Fact-checking initiatives and promoting transparency in algorithms can help ensure a healthier information environment.

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The above key-term means that spreading false or misleading information poses risks to public understanding and decision-making. Misinformation and disinformation pose significant challenges to the bioindustry as they affect people's perception and trust. For example, misinformation about the safety and efficacy of vaccines can lead to vaccine hesitancy. This greatly reduces vaccination rates and undermines public health efforts. This was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, where misinformation about vaccine side effects and efficacy contributed to resistance against vaccination campaigns.

Moreover, false information about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and other biotechnological innovations can lead to public fear and opposition. This can slow down the acceptance and utilization of beneficial technologies in agriculture, medicine, and other sectors. Misinformation can also influence public and private funding bodies, leading to reduced investment in biotechnological research due to negative perceptions of certain technologies.

In addition, misinformation can affect regulatory decisions, causing regulatory bodies to face pressure from misinformed public opinions. This can lead to stricter regulations or bans on certain biotechnologies, even when scientific evidence supports their safety and efficacy, hindering innovation and the development of new technologies.

Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach. Enhancing public education about biotechnology, promoting scientific literacy, and encouraging critical thinking can help mitigate the impact of misinformation. Leveraging digital platforms to disseminate accurate information and counteract false narratives is crucial. Collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and media organizations is essential to ensure reliable information reaches the public and fosters trust in biotechnological advancements.

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Marking Rubric for Continuous Assessment of UIE 20503 New Media and Society

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Marking Rubric for Continuous Assessment of UIE 20503 New Media and Society

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5.SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION=Privacy Challenges in Fourth Industrial Revolution (Biotechnology)-DHARVIND

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5.SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION=Privacy Challenges in Fourth Industrial Revolution (Biotechnology)-DHARVIND

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has transformed how we interact with the world through advanced technologies in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, these advancements bring significant privacy challenges, especially concerning the massive data collection they acquire. In biotechnology, the collection of sensitive genetic information can lead to misuse and genetic discrimination by employers or insurance agencies. Similarly, IoT healthcare devices continuously collect data, often without explicit user consent.

Data security is a main concern, as the vast amount of sensitive information being stored and transmitted increases the risk of cyberattacks. Data breaches can expose personal information, leading to identity theft or financial loss. Furthermore, companies might misuse the collected data for unauthorized purposes, such as targeted advertising.

A major challenge is the lack of transparency and control users have over their data. Many users are unaware of the extent of data collection and its usage, undermining trust. Informed consent is hard to obtain, especially when data is shared across multiple platforms. For instance, genetic data collected through biotech applications can be used for discrimination, and wearable health devices may share private health conditions without proper consent.

To address these issues, enhanced data protection regulations are crucial. Governments should enforce stringent data protection laws and develop specific regulations for biotechnology to protect genetic data. Strong cybersecurity measures, such as advanced encryption are essential. Ensuring transparency and user control through clear consent mechanisms and data portability options will help rebuild trust. Additionally, public awareness campaigns and user training can educate individuals about data privacy and protection.

In conclusion, while the 4IR offers numerous benefits, it also poses significant privacy challenges. By implementing comprehensive data protection strategies and educating the public, we can safeguard personal data and ensure technological advancements benefit society without compromising individual privacy.

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v. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION -> Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in the Fourth Industrial Revolution [ SACHEEN ]

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v. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION -> Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in the Fourth Industrial Revolution [ SACHEEN ]

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a major force in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), changing industries and reshaping societies. Although AI offers improvements in data analysis, automation, and decision making, its ethical implications must be carefully considered. In this essay, the main ethical questions raised by AI are examined, with particular attention paid to algorithmic bias, invasions of privacy, and the effects on employment and social welfare. Additionally, this essay suggests the responsible of AI development and deployment strategies.

A major ethical concern nowadays is algorithmic bias. Large datasets are used to train algorithms, which may unintentionally reinforce social prejudices. Black defendants were disproportionately flagged for higher risk in a risk assessment algorithm used by the US justice system, according to a 2018 ProPublica investigation that exposed racial bias in the system. This demonstrates how AI has the potential to exacerbate already-existing social injustices.

AI also gives rise to worries about invasions of privacy. Massive amounts of personal data are collected and analysed by AI systems, which increases the risk of abuse. A 2019 study by the Cambridge Analytica scandal showed how individual liberty and democratic processes can be endangered by the harvesting and use of personal data for targeted manipulation.

Another major ethical dilemma is how AI will affect social welfare and employment. According to a 2017 McKinsey report, automation powered by AI may result in the loss of up to 800 million jobs worldwide by 2030. The current workforce might not have the skills and training to adjust to new jobs, which could widen the income gap and undermine social safety nets.

To ensure responsible AI development and deployment, several strategies are crucial. First and foremost, it's critical to promote explainability and transparency in AI algorithms. Recognising and reducing bias is made possible by knowing how algorithms make decisions. Second, in order to safeguard individuals and guarantee responsible data collection and usage, strict data privacy regulations are required. Lastly, reskilling and education investments can help the workforce adapt to the changing nature of work.

In conclusion, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has enormous potential for AI. But there are ethical considerations that need to be carefully considered. Responsible AI development requires addressing algorithmic bias, safeguarding privacy, and minimising job displacement. We can use transparency, data protection laws, and workforce development techniques to harness AI's potential and ensure a morally sound and inclusive future.

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2.       MEDIA EFFECT = EMOTIONAL EFFECTS – DAYANG
Media not only for educational term, but also affect our emotion. Media can influence our attitude, behaviors or even perception. Emotional effect from media potentially influencing our emotion for a long-term attitude and behaviors. When we repeated exposure to certain emotional theme in media, it can shape our perceptions of social norm, cultural values and personal identities. For example, when we watch some video on youtube, we may get a various feel about the content showed, such as joy, anger, sadness and empathy. Watching uplifting stories will make us get an inspiration from the video or happiness from watching an entertainment content. Not only watching some content, media also can be connected with us by listening to some podcast. As an example, me myself like to listening some horror podcast using NOICE app. Noice is a famous platform, it is included many various type of content such horror, comedy, documentary or hobbies. My favorite channel on Noice is “scarythings” which provide a horror content for horror lovers.

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4.       NEW MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY

= Priavcy and Security – DAYANG

In the age of new media, privacy and security concerns are essential to preserving the legitimacy of democratic processes. The quick development of digital platforms has changed the way people exchange and access information, but it has also brought about a number of serious problems. The practises of targeted advertising and comprehensive user profiling, which frequently occur without explicit authorization, give rise to worries regarding data privacy. The gathering of personal information gives rise to moral questions regarding its potential use in swaying political beliefs or actions. Moreover, cybersecurity hazards that undermine public trust and sway public opinion, such disinformation operations and data breaches, put democratic institutions at danger. Enforcing strict regulations to safeguard user data, improve platform transparency, and strengthen cybersecurity safeguards is necessary to address these concerns. Not only are individual rights at risk, but maintaining democratic governance ideals in an increasingly digital environment also depends on new media privacy and security policies.

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5.       SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION =
"Cyber Threats and Data Protection in the Fourth Industrial Revolution" – DAYANG

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is transforming industries with the integration of IoT, AI, big data analytics, and blockchain. However, it also presents cybersecurity and data protection challenges due to the interconnected nature of systems. Robust cybersecurity measures are essential to safeguard personal information and maintain public trust, while mitigating risks to individuals, businesses, and national security.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is a global transformation driven by disruptive technologies such as IoT, AI, big data analytics, and blockchain. These technologies are transforming industries like manufacturing, healthcare, and finance, enhancing automation, efficiency, and customer experiences. IoT connects objects to the internet, AI enables robots to learn from data, big data analytics aids decision-making, and blockchain ensures secure transactions. These technologies not only enhance productivity but also pave the way for innovative business models.

The increasing number of IoT devices poses significant security risks due to their interconnected nature and diverse applications. Common vulnerabilities include weak passwords, lack of encryption, and insecure communication channels. Attackers can exploit these weaknesses to gain unauthorized access, compromise user data, or launch large-scale attacks. The supply chain also introduces additional risks, with attackers tampering with hardware, firmware, or software components. Comprehensive strategies, including rigorous supply chain practices, regular updates, robust authentication, and data encryption, are essential.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has seen numerous cyberattacks, such as the Mirai botnet attack in 2016, WannaCry ransomware attack in 2017, and the SolarWinds supply chain attack in 2020. These incidents highlighted the vulnerabilities of interconnected technologies and the need for robust cybersecurity measures. Key lessons learned include maintaining up-to-date software, implementing robust authentication mechanisms, and enhancing supply chain security. A proactive approach to cybersecurity, including continuous threat monitoring, rapid incident response capabilities, and ongoing education, is crucial to strengthen organizations' resilience against evolving cyber threats in the increasingly interconnected landscape.

In a conclusion In order to safeguard people, companies, and vital infrastructure, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) calls for aggressive cybersecurity measures and strong data protection plans. Artificial intelligence (AI), big data, blockchain, and the Internet of Things all bring new dangers and vulnerabilities that call for strict access controls, robust encryption procedures, and frequent security assessments. It's also critical to support a cybersecurity culture, adhere to laws like GDPR, and adjust to changing threats. Digital technologies that are well-integrated with strong security measures provide integrity and confidence.