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war is where a country and it dependencies goes to conflict with another country to defend its self from either attacks and other ways to harm or effect a certain countries, a example of war is world war 2 this is when Germany invaded Belgium and then other country's declared war on Germany for attempting to take over Belgium

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The UK faces a range of national security threats from terrorism, espionage and state threats. A example of this towards the uk is international terrorism and northern Ireland related terrorism

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the true meaning of conflict is "an active disagreement between people or countries  with opposing opinions or principles" this shows as a demonstration on how certain countries and political parties get into disagreements because how different people or countries have different views and opinions. a example of conflict between countries is the conflict between America and the Taliban in Afghanistan is an international conflict, as is the conflict between India and Pakistan.

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terrorism is  the use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of the criminal laws of the UK for purposes of intimidation, or ransom. the way terrorism effects things include: the most obvious is the direct economic destruction of property and lives. this leads to affects of people losing there lives, the way it can affect a country and its dependencies to make other people/ countries think there weak to try and plan certain things so then they will have to spend more money on ensuring every one in there country is safe. a example is the Manchester arena bombing, this lead to many things of security becoming more strict, people living in fear, people adults and children who died and how the money spent on to fix the arena and to help people with counselling and other things

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A weapon of mass destruction is a biological, chemical, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people or cause great damage to artificial structures, natural structures. Governments can deploy a range of measures to keep terrorists from accessing nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, such as devising national action plans, designating point persons and conducting peer reviews nto.

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"the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information" this shows that the practice of espionage is doing things secretly an a attempt to gain information on a person or group of people, the way it is used is by doing things in secret and trying to gather information as quickly and effectively as possible. a key and known example is the use of german agents gathering information on different agents and groups

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When violent conflict breaks out, the costs to the country and the international community are enormous. Lives are lost, people displaced, trade links cut, and organised crime groups or terrorists are given an opportunity to take root, exacerbating instability. a example of this is in the case of war and how peoples lives are at risk and how people loose there lives to these situation.

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some of the times when organised crime has been utilised is in situations of threats to life likes being on the London bridge with a bomb vest

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some of the main risks and threats are,

.cyber space

.espionage

.serious organised crime

some of main reasons for these come from people wanting to show a statement and want to be seen, some risks need to be watched and seen to ensure these things don't turn into bigger things meaning the loss/ risk of life.

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some of the key impacts of security failers are due either old sercuity systems old alarms or cameras, the key things that can occur from these are losses of life and other things that could lead to greater risks such as people getting into places they shouldn't be in or leaving places like prison they shouldn't be leaving

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impacts of security failers towards the ups 

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impacts of security failers towards the ups 

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a security frailer in the up can and has occurred from certain thigs such as old cameras or old security methods but the uks prisons around the uk have been implemented with a £100 million pound increase in budget to stop any type of escape or method of leaving

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service responsible- reducing and managing security threats

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service responsible- reducing and managing security threats

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cyber security is a key method of handling and managing cyber security breeches a way of a example of this happening is the nhs breeches and other examples and peoples information being breeched the cyber security are the people that will investigate and try to resolve the issue.

nd

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the mi5 is the united kingdoms domestic counter intelligence and security agnecy and is see to also work along side the secret service what they do is protect the united kingdom against threats such as terrorism and sabotage also activities of other forgien power

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secret intelligence services there main role is to collect Brittan's foreign intelligence and it then provides the government global covert ability to help defend the country from any chance of threats or attacks the SIS work with the foreign common wealth development office

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the government communications headquarters it is a intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals and intelligence information assurance for the goverment and armed forces for the united kingdom

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strategies employed to manage security threats

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strategies employed to manage security threats

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some of the key employed strategies to employ and manage security threats

Escalating the risk to someone else who can deal with it

Avoiding the risk by changing the plans to prevent it

Transferring the risk to a third party who can handle it

Mitigating the risk by reducing its likelihood or impact

Accepting the risk and preparing for its consequences

these show the main job roles in the services that re required to protect and serve in the uk

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the aim of prevent is to stop peple from becoming terrorists and support terrorism and it also extends to support the rehabilitation and disengagement of those already involved in terrorism and to also help people leave and forget certain ideology's

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contests means to is to reduce the risk from terrorism to the UK, its citizens and interests overseas, so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence, this also shows that there role is to develop a way to lower the chance of risks over seas in other countries and works well with other services.

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the management of the physical environment 

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the management of the physical environment 

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the management of the physical environment it was defined as the actions taken to create an environment where learning and success are possible. One of the first aspects related to the learning environment is the physical environment. it also develops well within other services and works well the serve and protect the united kingdom and its dependencies

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some of the main threats to terrorism include Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of intentional violence and fear to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence. the key example is a man wearing a fake bomb vest threating to blow up London bridge

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there are many that can influence terrorism some of the main points include political grievances, social unrest and religious extreme beliefs these will affect how a person and why they will influence or engage in a act of terrorism

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a list of terrorist organisations,

isis

alqaeda

boko haram

taliban

hezbollah

these are groups are very well known extreme terrorist organisations that do what they do even if its wrong is for many different reasons

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cause mass panic at a political front they will target politics and target public services to cause disruption and they could use attacks on well known political figures and bombings while also using cyber attacks like the one concluded onto the nhs holding information for ramson and targeting places with many people in it

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the statistics for the uk and response times in the uk are usually anywhere between 5 minutes and using as fast as people can due to threats of life, There were 169 arrests for terrorism-related activity in the year ending 31 March 2023, 27 fewer than in the year ending 31 March 2022 (a fall of 14%). At the time of data provision, of the 169 arrests for terrorist-related activity: 52 (31%) resulted in a charge, of which 46 were for terrorism-related offences

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it is extremely covered in media and is and due to impacts to show people and the nation certain examples of what they do they provide updates and cover what they do very closely and aims to just inform the public of what they do.

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over the last 20 years we have seen many ways in witch terrorist attacks have changed and developed and to change there scare tactics and how to negatively effect multiple things and how they developed there attacks like targeting the nhs cyber attacks

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some of the main ways counter terrorism are used in the uk are some of the main ways are,

gathering information

insisting

using other services and uk groups to help gather extra intel to help the counter terrorism teams

gathering surveillance

border control

collaboration between law informant agencies

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legislation helps in the aspect of counter terrorism aspects by helping groups and teams. the true meaning of legislation is "An Act of Parliament creates a new law or changes an existing law. An Act is a Bill that has been approved by both the House of Commons and the House of Lords and been given Royal Assent by the Monarch. Taken together, Acts of Parliament make up what is known as Statute Law in the UK."

this is why it greatly affects how counter terrorism is deducted in the uk.

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some of the main tactics are,

gathering information

insisting

using other services and uk groups to help gather extra intel to help the counter terrorism teams

gathering surveillance

border control

collaboration between law informant agencies

some of the main staragies are,

public awareness

international co operation

community engagement

surveillance gathering

some of the main techniques are,

crisis management

counter terrorism legislation

covert operation

cyber security disruption of financing

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united nations counter terrorism implamation task force 

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united nations counter terrorism implamation task force 

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it is a un body that coordinates and supports implementation of the global counter terrorism strategies, it also fights against the financial aid or terrorist groups as we see it is also demonstrated for the four pillars,

prevent

protect

pursue

respond

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what is uerpol? "Europol, officially the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, is the law enforcement agency of the European Union" what Europol do is, support its Member States in preventing and combating all forms of serious international and organised crime, cybercrime and terrorism.

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Interpol is the international criminal Police organization, commonly known as Interpol, is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and crime control. It is the world's largest international police organization, what Interpol actually do is help police in all of them to work together to make the world a safer place.

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UK Visas and Immigration is a division of the Home Office responsible for the United Kingdom's visa system. It was formed in 2013 from the section of the UK Border Agency that had administered the visa system. they are responsible for deciding who has the right to visit, study, work and stay in the United Kingdom. We help to protect the UK's national security, as well as providing a world-class customer service to the millions of people who come to the UK legally each year.

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border force is a law enforcement command within the Home Office. It secures the UK border by carrying out immigration and customs controls for people and goods entering the UK. Border Force have the authority to seize items, such as goods and vehicles, under section 139 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979.

"there roles are,

Designating, classifying, and points of entry and exit

Border management including the control and regulation of entry and exit of all persons at ports and points of entry and exit

Conducting research, collection and analysis of data and management of records."

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Border Management Section derives its mandate from the Kenya Citizenship and Immigration Act 2011, section 4(2) c, d, i, under the functions of the Director General:

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"The National Crime Agency is a national law enforcement agency in the United Kingdom. It is the UKs lead agency against organised crime human, weapon and drug trafficking cybercrime and economic crime that goes across regional an international borders" many people believe these people are the police and are apart of the policy they work with them but due to uncommon belief they ARE NOT THE POLICE.

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national cyber security agency role and what that do are monitors incidents, provides early warnings, disseminates information, conducts cyber threat assessments and provides general technical support to competent authorities. they are very common for dealing with threats to wards certain countries and try to stop or deal with these very common and potentially life threating threats.

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supporting statutory protective services 

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supporting statutory protective services 

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Statutory protective services are required by law and are government funded. Non-statutory protective services are not required by law, some receive government funding but many are charities or self-funded. Uniformed statutory protective services Uniformed statutory protective services are required to be. the way these services like the nhs, national highways and ambulance service also including coast guards is by some of these being statutory and some not while others are unfirmed and others are not we also see the way these are supported is by some being funded helping leading to get better work done and we also see some of these services working closely together and getting the support they need like the RNLI and the police services working together in places of help like the police needing help saving a person in the sea or deep water.

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what are counter terrorism measurers and how are they effective  

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what are counter terrorism measurers and how are they effective  

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what are counter terrorism measures they are and include intelligence gathering, border control, surveillance, law enforcement operations, public awareness campaigns, and international co operation these measures aim to protect the safety and security of individuals in communities and expect people in public to report issues they see in public

how is it effective ?

the first main way they are effective are by identifying and disrupting terrorists networks by gathering information and monitoring suspicious activity. second these measures are making it harder for terrorists to cross the borders to get into different countries, thirdly law enforcement operations target individuals involved in terrorists organisations preventing them from carrying out there plans and by doing extra public awareness courses to show the sings for terrorism encouraging them to report and suspicious activity lastly international co operation allows the sharing of information's about individuals to let countries now who is and isn't coming into there country and strengthen the global fight against terrorism overall these measures create a environment where people can feel more safe in public.

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what are the positives and negatives of each 

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what are the positives and negatives of each 

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interpol/ europol - positives are being able to have world wide control over who comes into the countries and how to deal with it. negatives include being obsolete in large groups and heads clashing in big scenarios due to people from all over the world. this will include making Brittan safe.

uk and visas immigration- positives being able to work effetely and let counties know who people are and where they have been to be able to track and information the need. no negatives for this.

border agencies- positive help to provide information laws to prevent unauthorised entry. negatives can be prone to abuse of power and corruption leading to violation of human rights.

UNCTTF positives include promoting international co operation and coordination in battle against terrorism, negatives include impact can be limited in certain places and countries and example maybe limited regions where palatial instability is

what are the positives and negatives of each
interpol/ europol - positives are being able to have world wide control over who comes into the countries and how to deal with it. negatives include being obsolete in large groups and heads clashing in big scenarios due to people from all over the world.

uk and visas imergration- postives being able to work effticly and let cournties know who people are and where they have been to be able to track and information the need. no negatives for this.

border agencies- postive help to proide imformation laws to prevent unatherised entrey. negatives can be prone to abuse of power and corruption leading to violation of human rights.