# data[].attributes.body
The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century. It led to increased trade and food production and had a significant impact on the population, as many people died due to disease.

# data[].attributes.body
Set up by the Spanish crown to force labor from Indigenous peoples.

Mutual arrangement: harsh work and violence for protection and conversion to Christianity.

# data[].attributes.body
Armed conflict in New England, between the Pequot Nation and colonists from Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth.

Reason: Competition over trade and territory.

# data[].attributes.body
King Philip's War was a effort made by the Wampanoag tribe to resist English encroachment and colonization on their land, the war lasted 14 months. This retaliation unfortunately did end Indian resistance efforts and paved the way for additional English settlements.

# data[].attributes.body
The Treaty of Hopewell was the first treaty between the U.S. government and Native American tribe (the Cherokee). The treaties goal was to establish peace and define boundaries. It was extremely significant as it set the groundwork for expanding boundaries between the United States and various Native Americans

# data[].attributes.body
This was an ordinance which established framework for American expansion which promised to respect native American rights but instead undermined their sovereignty.

# data[].attributes.body
The Indian Removal Act authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river, which became known as Indian Territory. The act led to significant events, such as the Trail of Tears, where thousands of Native Americans were forcibly removed and died.

# data[].attributes.body
War was caused by the U.S. gov. violating treaties with American Indians.

Conflict between the North American Lakota People and the U.S. gov.

Resulted in hundreds of Lakota people casualties.

# data[].attributes.body
Passed under President Grover Cleveland.

Purpose:

Allowed the federal government to break up tribal lands and distribute them to Native Americans.

Assimilate Native Americans into U.S. society through farming and ownership.

# data[].attributes.body
Enacted by U.S. Congress to decrease fed. control of American Indian affairs and increase Indian self-gov. and responsibility.

Also known Wheeler-Howard Act.

# data[].attributes.body
During World War ll, many Navajo speaking US marines had used their native language in order to transmit unbreakable code. The code was based on the Navajo vocab and grammar, and helped secure a victory.

# data[].attributes.body
A US government policy which aimed to end federal supervision over American indian tribes and assimilating them into mainstream society.

# data[].attributes.body
A grassroots organization founded in Minneapolis to address issues of police brutality, poverty, and discrimination against native Americans.