# data[].attributes.body
Con man

Vellum

Cipher

Embolishment

Gibberish

Gulluble

Divination

Coven

Here are CELTA-style concept-check and practice questions to help students really use and understand the vocabulary. I’ve mixed concept-check questions (CCQs), controlled practice, and freer speaking prompts.

1. Con man

CCQs:

Is a con man honest or dishonest?

Does a con man trick people or help them?

Does he usually take money from people?

Practice:

Have you ever heard a story about a con man? What happened?

How can people protect themselves from con men?

2. Vellum

CCQs:

Is vellum paper or animal skin?

Is it modern or traditional material?

Was it used in the past for important documents?

Practice:

Why do you think people used vellum instead of paper?

What important things today might deserve to be written on vellum?

3. Cipher

CCQs:

Is a cipher easy or difficult to understand?

Do you need a key to read a cipher?

Is it used for secret communication?

Practice:

Why do people use ciphers?

Can you think of jobs where ciphers are important?

4. Embellishment (note: correct spelling)

CCQs:

Is embellishment adding details or removing them?

Are the added details always true?

Do people embellish stories to make them more interesting?

Practice:

Do people sometimes embellish their CVs? Why?

Tell a short story and add some embellishment to make it more exciting.

5. Gibberish

CCQs:

Can you understand gibberish?

Is it real language or nonsense?

Do babies sometimes speak gibberish?

Practice:

When was the last time you heard gibberish?

How do you feel when someone speaks gibberish to you?

6. Gullible (correct spelling)

CCQs:

Is a gullible person easy or difficult to trick?

Do gullible people believe things quickly?

Is being gullible usually positive or negative?

Practice:

Are children more gullible than adults? Why?

What advice would you give to a gullible person?

7. Divination

CCQs:

Is divination based on science or belief?

Do people use it to know the past or the future?

Is it connected with magic or religion?

Practice:

Do you believe in divination? Why/why not?

What are common forms of divination in your culture?

8. Coven

CCQs:

Is a coven a group or one person?

Is it usually connected to witches?

Do members of a coven meet regularly?

Practice:

What do people usually imagine when they hear the word “coven”?

Why do you think covens appear often in films and stories?

Optional Controlled Practice (Fill in the gaps)

1. The fortune teller used _________ to predict the future.

2. He told me an amazing story, but I think it was full of _________.

3. The message was written in a secret _________.

4. That email is from a _________ trying to steal your money.

5. I couldn’t understand anything—he was speaking complete _________.

6. She’s very _________ and believes everything she reads online.

7. The ancient manuscript was written on _________.

8. The witches gathered in a _________ in the forest.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The world’s most mysterious book - Stephen Bax

# data[].attributes.body
1. Do you have a local library? Do you use it often? Should the government continue to fund libraries if fewer people are using them? Why or why not?

2. Is the book always better than the film?

3. Would you prefer to read a book or wait until someone makes it into a movie?

4. Which books should everyone read?

5. Which books have changed the world?

6. Which books do you consider dangerous? Which books should be banned?

7. Do children read less than they did in the past? If so, why is that? How can we get children to read more?

8. Will people stop reading books altogether in the future? Why or why not?

9. These days, children are more interested in watching TV shows and movies than reading books. Why do you think this is? How can they be encouraged to read more?

# data[].attributes.body
Multiple choice

1. In which university can you find the Voynich Manuscript?

a) Harvard b) Princeton c) Yale

2. How many pages are in the Voynich Manuscript?

a) 240 b) 1440 c) 1420

3. Which country was Wilfrid Voynich from?

a) Poland b) Italy c) the United States

4. The pattern of letters and groups of letters in the manuscript is what?

a) random b) repetitive c) has never been seen before

Sentence completion

5. It is believed that people were involved in writing the book.

6. Some people think the book was written in to hide its meaning.

7. Other people think the book is a hoax designed to make from gullible people.

8. A third theory suggests the book was written in an actual .

Short answer

9. Where was the Rongorongo script created?

10. During which century did Roger Bacon attempt to understand the universal laws of grammar?

11. What technique was used to determine the manuscript’s age?

12. What was Jacobus Sinapius’ profession?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Are you a bookworm? Do you know anyone who is?

2. Whose biography/autobiography would you most like to read?

3. Which books would you describe as page-turners?

4. Why do some people prefer physical books to e-books?

5. Do you have an e-reader? If so, can you describe it? If not, do you think it would be a good idea to

buy one?

6. Is it easy to read you like a book? Do you find it easy to read other people like a book? Who is the

easiest to read?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Do you like reading?

2. What kind of things do you prefer to read? Do you prefer to read fiction or non-fiction books? Why?

3. What are your favourite books? What was the last book you read? Which books would you like to read (if you had the time)?

4. Who are your favourite authors? Which famous authors come from your country? Have you read their books?

5. Which books have you started, but didn't finish? Why?

6. If you could be a character from a book you have read, which one would you like to be?

7. Which books did you love as a child?

8. Have you read any books in English?

# data[].attributes.body
1) Con Man

Why do intelligent people sometimes trust a con man?

What personality traits help a con artist succeed?

Can social media make it easier to scam people? How?

Have you ever heard about a famous fraud case?

2) Vellum

Before modern paper, people used vellum made from animal skin. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?

Do you think traditional materials (like vellum) are more valuable than digital documents? Why?

Should ancient handwritten documents be preserved physically or digitally?

3) Cipher

Why were ciphers so important in wars?

Do you think privacy is still possible in the digital age?

How does encryption protect our daily communication?

Should governments have access to private messages in certain situations?

4) Embellishment

Is embellishment always dishonest?

Why do people exaggerate stories?

Is it acceptable to embellish your CV to get a job?

How can we tell the difference between storytelling and lying?

5) Gibberish

Why do people sometimes speak gibberish when they are nervous?

Have you ever listened to someone and understood nothing?

How can miscommunication happen even when people speak the same language?

Does social media sometimes feel like “gibberish”? Why?

6) Gullible

Why are some people more gullible than others?

Can being too trusting be a weakness?

How can we protect elderly people from scams?

Have you ever believed something that wasn’t true?

7) Divination

Why have people always wanted to predict the future?

Do you believe in horoscopes or tarot cards?

Is divination part of culture, religion, or entertainment?

Can believing in predictions influence real life decisions?

8) Coven

Why do stories about covens and witches remain popular?

How were “witches” treated in history?

Why do people fear secret groups?

Can modern communities be compared to historical covens?

# data[].attributes.body
1️⃣ Annoying Habits at Home

What habits at home are annoying?

Does anyone in your family have an annoying habit?

How can you talk about annoying habits politely?

2️⃣ Annoying Habits at School or Work

What habits in class are annoying?

Is it annoying when people are late? Why?

How should students behave in class?

3️⃣ Phone and Technology Habits

Is it annoying when someone uses their phone all the time?

Do you think it is rude to check your phone during a conversation?

What are good phone manners?

4️⃣ Public Places

What habits are annoying on public transport?

Is it annoying when people speak loudly in restaurants?

How should people behave in public places?

5️⃣ Personal Habits

Do you have any habits that might annoy other people?

Why do people repeat annoying habits?

Is it easy to change a bad habit?

6️⃣ Solving the Problem

What is the best way to tell someone about their annoying habit?

Should you ignore small annoying habits?

How can people improve their behavior?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
I Create a Best Selling Children's Book Using AI in Under an Hour

# data[].attributes.body
🧠 Understanding AI

What do people often misunderstand about artificial intelligence?

In what ways is AI smart today, and where is it not very good?

Is AI a tool, a helper, or something else?

How is AI different from normal computer programs?

🌍 AI in Everyday Life

Where do you use AI in daily life without knowing it?

Has AI made your life easier or harder?

What is one job you would like AI to do for you?

Are there jobs you would not trust AI to do? Why?

⚖️ Ethics & Responsibility

Who is responsible if AI makes a serious mistake?

Can AI be fair to everyone? Why or why not?

Should there be rules about what AI can do?

Is it okay for AI to act like it has human feelings or creativity?

💼 Work, Education & Society

Will AI make more jobs or take jobs away?

How should schools use AI tools?

Should people say when they use AI at work or school?

How might AI change what it means to be an expert?

🎨 Creativity & Human Identity

Can AI be creative, or does it only copy people?

How do you feel about AI making art, music, or stories?

What makes human intelligence special compared to AI?

Does AI change how we think about creativity?

🔮 The Future of AI

What are you excited about in the future of AI?

What are you worried about?

Should governments make stricter rules for AI?

How do you think AI will change daily life in 10–20 years?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Dangerous is Artificial Intelligence?

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are some of the dangers of AI? If an AI is programmed to protect humans, how might that put us in danger?

2. Would you trust artificial intelligence to manage a military weapons system? What could possibly go wrong?

3. What might an unethical company or government do with AI? What kind of regulations should there be for the development of AI? What should be permitted? What should be prohibited?

4. What might convince robots to revolt against humans? Why would an AI ever want to harm us?

5. Will AIs be our friends, or will they enslave us? Could AIs keep humans as pets or display them in zoos in the future? 6. Is AI the next stage in human evolution? Would you consider uploading your consciousness into a computer if it were possible?

7. How can we hope to teach an artificial intelligence to be empathetic when we can't even teach humans that? 8. If computers developed human-like consciousness, will they inherit our vices, vanities and prejudices? Will some be good, and some be bad? Will they look forward to Friday night so they can have a beer with their friends in the pub?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Do you think the Turing test is a good way to determine if a machine is intelligent? Would you consider a machine to be intelligent because it was able to have a conversation like a human?

2. Are the Three Laws of Robotics sufficient to keep humans safe from robots?

3. If a computer became sentient, should it be given human rights? If this happened, would it be considered murder if you turned it off?

4. Will we ever create a superintelligence? Would this replace humans?

5. How do you explain algorithmic bias? Why might an artificial intelligence be racist or sexist?

6. Do you agree with Stephen Hawking when he warned that artificial intelligence poses an existential threat that could result in the extinction of the human race? How might this happen?

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is intelligence? What is the difference between human intelligence and artificial intelligence?

2. What are some things that we could use artificial intelligence for?

3. Have you seen any films or TV shows about artificial intelligence? What happened in them?

4. Will a computer ever be able to truly think and feel like a human? Why or why not? Why would we even want to create an artificial intelligence that could think like a human?

5. Would an AI make better or worse decisions if it were programmed to think like a real human?

6. Would an AI judge make better decisions in criminal cases? Would an AI president or politician make better decisions for the country? What instructions/programming would you give them so they would make the best decisions?

7. Do you think you could have an AI as a friend? Will people fall in love with artificial intelligences in the future? What would be the pros and cons of dating an AI?

8. Could a computer ever have a soul?

# data[].attributes.body
1. What does the idea of a “Winter Arc” mean to you personally?

2. Why do you think the winter season is often associated with reflection, discipline, or transformation?

3. How does the Winter Arc mindset differ from traditional New Year’s resolutions?

4. Do you see the Winter Arc as more about discipline, self-care, or balance? Why?

Motivation & Mindset

5. What makes staying motivated harder during colder, darker months?

6. How can embracing discomfort in winter lead to personal growth?

7. Is motivation or consistency more important during the Winter Arc—and why?

8. How can shifting expectations in winter actually support long-term success?

Habits & Self-Improvement

9. What types of habits are most realistic to build during winter?

10. How can small, daily actions compound into major growth by spring?

11. Are winter goals better focused on physical, mental, or emotional growth?

12. How does rest fit into self-improvement during colder months?

Mental Health & Balance

13. How can the Winter Arc challenge be adapted to avoid burnout?

14. In what ways can self-improvement coexist with seasonal sadness or low energy?

15. How can practicing self-compassion be considered a form of growth?

16. When does self-discipline become unhealthy pressure?

Social & Lifestyle Factors

17. How does winter isolation impact personal development?

18. Can self-improvement be a collective experience during winter? How?

19. How do social media “Winter Arc” trends influence motivation—positively or negatively?

20. How can environment (lighting, routines, space) support winter growth?

Reflection & Long-Term Growth

21. How can winter be used as a “preparation season” rather than a performance season?

22. What would success at the end of a Winter Arc look like beyond visible results?

23. How might lessons learned during winter carry into spring and summer?

24. Is personal growth seasonal, or can winter simply reveal what already exists?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
let’s lock in together miss girl 🫵 winter arc starts oct 1st. hair products from @Olaplex @Conair #motivation #adviceforgirls #selfimprovement 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.embed_code
@lenalifts
let’s lock in together miss girl 🫵 winter arc starts oct 1st. hair products from @Olaplex @Conair #motivation #adviceforgirls #selfimprovement
♬ original sound - lena

# data[].attributes.body
1. New Year's resolutions are nothing more than a marketing gimmick to sell self-help books and gym memberships.

2. Spontaneity and living in the moment are far more fulfilling than sticking to a rigid plan forthe year.

3. Failing to set goals at the start of the year demonstrates a lack of vision, ambition, and clear direction.

4. People who set ambitious New Year's resolutions are setting themselves up for failure and disappointment.

5. If you reallywant to change, you don’t need towait fortheNewYear – any day can be your newbeginning.

6. Making plans for the year ahead takes the fun out of life; we should just see where life takes usinstead

# data[].attributes.body
1. What words do you think of when you hear winter?

2. What colors do you see in winter where you live?

3. Do you like winter clothes? Why or why not?

4. What is your favorite winter outfit?

5. How does winter weather make you feel?

6. Do you prefer winter or another season? Why?

7. What sounds do you hear in winter? (wind, rain, snow, silence)

8. Is winter more quiet or busy in your city?

9. What foods or drinks do you enjoy in winter?

10. Do you like winter mornings or winter nights more? Why?

Optional Visual / Aesthetic Questions (if using pictures)

11. What do you see in this winter picture?

12. Is this winter scene beautiful or boring to you? Why?

13. Would you like to be in this place? Why or why not?

14. What clothes do people need in this picture?

Simple Personal Connection

15. What do you do at home on a cold winter day?

16. Do you like snow? Why or why not?

17. What is one thing you like about winter?

If you want, I can also:

Adapt these for pair work

Turn them into a worksheet

Add vocabulary support

Make them more creative or visual-based

# data[].attributes.body
Set realistic goals
Choose goals that fit your lifestyle and current situation, not ideal conditions.

Be specific
Instead of “exercise more,” say “exercise for 20 minutes, three times a week.”

Start small
Small changes are easier to maintain and build confidence over time.

Create a routine
Attach your resolution to an existing habit to make it part of your daily life.

Track your progress
Seeing progress—even small steps—helps maintain motivation.

Focus on consistency, not perfection
Missing one day does not mean failure; long-term effort matters more.

Understand your ‘why’
Knowing the reason behind your goal makes it easier to stay committed.

Expect obstacles
Planning for difficulties helps you avoid giving up when problems appear.

Celebrate small successes
Reward progress to stay motivated without losing focus.

Reflect and adjust
Regularly review your resolution and adapt it if it no longer fits your needs.

# data[].attributes.body
1. “I want to plan my time better so I can balance work, study, and rest.”

2. “This year, I aim to exercise consistently rather than intensely.”

3. “I want to improve my communication skills, especially listening.”

4. “I plan to save money by being more mindful of my spending.”

5. “I want to read more books instead of spending so much time online.”

6. “This year, I want to be more confident when making decisions.”

7. “I aim to reduce stress by setting clearer boundaries.”

8. “I want to develop a new skill that could help me in the future.”

9. “This year, I want to learn from mistakes instead of avoiding them.”

10. “I plan to focus more on experiences than on material things.”

Which of these resolutions do you find most realistic? Why?

Which resolutions are hardest to maintain long-term?

Do resolutions work better when shared with others or kept private?

How important is self-discipline in achieving resolutions?

Can small resolutions be more effective than ambitious ones?

Why do people often abandon their resolutions early in the year?

Should resolutions focus more on habits or results?

Is it better to have one main resolution or several small ones?

How can setbacks be turned into motivation rather than failure?

Are New Year’s resolutions still relevant in modern life? Why or why not?

# data[].attributes.body
What experience shaped you most this year, and why?

How has your idea of success changed this year?

What challenge taught you the most?

How have your priorities changed over the year?

Which habit helped you most this year?

How has your way of handling disappointment changed?

Is reflection more useful after success or failure? Why?

What surprised you about yourself this year?

What would you do differently if you could repeat one moment?

How can reflection improve your decisions next year?

# data[].attributes.body
Personal Experience & Traditions

1. How has the way you celebrate Christmas changed since your childhood?

2. Which Christmas tradition is most meaningful to you, and why?

3. Have you ever experienced a Christmas that didn’t go as planned? What happened?

4. Do you prefer a quiet family Christmas or a large social celebration? Explain your choice.

5. What role does food play in Christmas celebrations in your culture?

Culture & Society

6. How is Christmas celebrated differently around the world compared to your country?

7. Do you think Christmas has become too commercialized? Why or why not?

8. Should Christmas traditions be preserved exactly as they are, or adapted over time?

9. How does Christmas influence social behavior, such as generosity or kindness?

10. In multicultural societies, how should Christmas be presented in public spaces?

Beliefs & Values

11. Is Christmas more of a religious holiday or a cultural event today? Defend your opinion.

12. What values do people associate with Christmas, and are they truly practiced?

13. Can people who don’t celebrate Christmas still enjoy the season? How?

14. Do you think Christmas pressure (gifts, family expectations) affects mental health?

15. Should children be told the truth about Santa Claus? At what age?

Modern Life & Media

16. How have social media and advertising changed the way people experience Christmas?

17. Do Christmas movies and songs reflect real life or an idealized version of it?

18. Why do some people feel lonely during Christmas, despite the festive atmosphere?

19. Should companies expect employees to work during Christmas holidays?

20. How does technology help or harm family connections during Christmas?

Debate & Critical Thinking

21. Would you support banning Christmas advertising before December? Why or why not?

22. Is it better to give expensive gifts or meaningful experiences? Justify your answer.

23. Should schools focus on Christmas traditions or promote winter festivals more broadly?

24. Does Christmas still have the same importance for younger generations?

25. If Christmas disappeared, what would society lose—or gain?

Creative & Reflective

26. If you could create a new Christmas tradition, what would it be?

27. What would a “perfect” Christmas look like for you?

28. How would you explain Christmas to someone who has never heard of it?

29. If Christmas were celebrated in summer, how would it change the experience?

30. What lesson do you think Christmas tries to teach people?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Shopping at Christmas
Why do people buy more things at Christmas than at other times of the year?

2. Presents and Happiness
Do expensive presents make people happier than simple ones? Why or why not?

3. Advertising at Christmas
How do TV, social media, and shop displays make people want to buy more?

4. Pressure to Buy Gifts
Do people feel stressed because they must buy presents for many people?

5. Children and Christmas
How does Christmas advertising influence children and their wishes?

6. Traditions vs. Shopping
Is Christmas more about family and traditions, or about shopping and gifts today?

7. Money and Christmas
Should people spend a lot of money at Christmas, or try to save money?

8. Alternative Gifts
What are some ideas for cheap or non-material gifts (for example, time or experiences)?

9. Environmental Impact
How does Christmas shopping affect the environment (packaging, waste, transport)?

10. A “Simple Christmas”
Would you like to celebrate Christmas with fewer presents? Why or why not?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is it OK to suggest no gifts at Christmas?  | Your Morning

# data[].attributes.body
Santa baby, just slip a Sable under the tree for me
Been an awful good girl
Santa baby, so hurry down the chimney tonight

Santa baby, a '54 convertible too, light blue
I'll wait up for you, dear
Santa baby, so hurry down the chimney tonight

Think of all the fun I've missed
Think of all the fella's that I haven't kissed
Next year I could be just as good
If you check off my Christmas list

Santa baby, I want a yacht and really that's not a lot
Been an angel all year
Santa baby, so hurry down the chimney tonight

Santa honey, one little thing I really need
The deed to a platinum mine
Santa baby, so hurry down the chimney tonight

Santa cutie, and fill my stocking with the duplex and checks
Sign your 'x' on the line
Santa cutie, and hurry down the chimney tonight

Come and trim my Christmas tree
With some decorations bought at Tiffany's
I really do believe in you
Let's see if you believe in me

Santa baby, forgot to mention one little thing
A ring, I don't mean on the phone
Santa baby, so hurry down the chimney tonight
Hurry down the chimney tonight
Hurry, tonight

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Eartha Kitt - Santa Baby (Official Music Video)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Presents

What type of presents do you usually give to your family at Christmas?

How do you feel when you open presents on Christmas Day?

Do you like to buy presents in advance, or do you leave it until the last minute?

2. Stockings

Do you hang a stocking at Christmas? What do you usually find in it?

Who fills your stocking with small gifts — Santa or someone in your family?

What’s the best stocking stuffer you’ve ever received?

3. Candles

Do you use candles in your home during Christmas time? Where do you put them?

Why do people like to light candles at Christmas? Does it make your home feel special?

Can you describe a candle holder or candle decoration you like for Christmas?

4. Christmas Songs

Do you enjoy listening to Christmas songs? What’s your favorite?

Do you play Christmas songs at home or in the car during the holidays?

Do you know any traditional Christmas carols? Can you sing one?

5. Christmas Tree

Do you put up a Christmas tree? What decorations do you like to put on it?

How does your family choose a Christmas tree — do you buy a real one or use a fake one?

What is your favorite Christmas tree decoration?

6. Holiday Foods

What traditional Christmas food do you like to eat?

Do you have a special Christmas dessert you always prepare?

Do you help to cook Christmas dinner? What do you cook?

7. Family Traditions

What family traditions do you have at Christmas time?

Do you usually spend Christmas with family or friends?

Do you exchange gifts on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day?

8. Decorating the House

When do you decorate the house for Christmas?

Do you hang Christmas lights outside your house? Where do you put them?

What is your favorite Christmas decoration in your home?

9. Christmas Greetings

What do you say when you wish someone a Merry Christmas?

Do you send Christmas cards to friends and family? How do you sign them?

How do you feel when you receive Christmas greetings from people you care about?

# data[].attributes.body
jerk

percolate

out of habit

put back

chore

goofy

contribute

in advance

relate

refuse

stationery

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary Practice:

Collocations:

Play Christmas songs

Give presents

Hang stockings

Light candles

Decorate the house

Sing Christmas carols

Cook Christmas dinner

Exchange gifts

🎄 Speaking Practice: Christmas Time

Part 1: Personal Questions

Answer using the collocations.

1. Do you like to play Christmas songs at home or in the car? When?

2. Who do you usually give presents to at Christmas?

3. Do you hang stockings in your home? Where?

4. Do you like to light candles at Christmas? Why or why not?

5. When do you usually decorate the house for Christmas?

6. Do you enjoy singing Christmas carols? Which ones do you know?

7. Who usually cooks Christmas dinner in your family?

8. When do you exchange gifts — on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day?

Part 2: Pair Work – Talk About Your Home

Student A asks, Student B answers. Then change roles.

Do you play Christmas songs every day or only on special days?

How do you decorate the house for Christmas?

Do you light candles in the evening?

Do you hang stockings for children or adults?

What food do you cook for Christmas dinner?

Part 3: Find Someone Who…

Walk around and ask questions. Use the collocations.

Find someone who:

plays Christmas songs while cooking

gives presents they make themselves

hangs stockings every year

lights candles every evening in December

sings Christmas carols with family or friends

# data[].attributes.body
⭐ General Perspectives

1. Why do you think society is so fascinated with celebrities? Is this fascination healthy or harmful?

2. How do you personally define a “celebrity,” and how has that definition changed in recent years?

3. Do you think celebrity status today is earned or simply the result of effective marketing?

⭐ Media & Public Image

4. How has social media changed the way celebrities interact with their audience?

5. Should celebrities be expected to maintain a flawless public image, or should society accept their imperfections?

6. How much responsibility do celebrities have for the messages they spread on their platforms?

⭐ Privacy & Ethics

7. To what extent should celebrities be allowed privacy, given their public role?

8. Do you think the paparazzi should be more regulated? Why or why not?

9. Is it ethical for tabloids to publish rumors or unverified stories about famous people?

⭐ Influence & Role Models

10. Should celebrities be considered role models automatically, or is that an unfair expectation?

11. Which celebrity do you think has used their fame in the most meaningful or impactful way? Why?

12. Are influencers today as influential as traditional celebrities? In what ways?

⭐ Fame & Society

13. What does the type of celebrities a society admires reveal about its values?

14. Do you think fame changes people, or does it simply reveal who they truly are?

15. Why do some celebrities remain relevant for decades while others disappear quickly?

⭐ Personal Reflection

16. Is there a celebrity you admire? What qualities make them stand out to you?

17. Has your opinion of any celebrity drastically changed over time? What caused that shift?

18. If you suddenly became famous, what would be your biggest challenge?

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is a celebrity? How does one become a celebrity?

2. What's the latest celebrity gossip?

3. Do you have a favourite celebrity? Which other celebrities inspire you? Are there any celebrities you really don't like?

4. Who are the most famous celebrities in the world? What are they famous for?

5. Which celebrity families do you know about?

6. Have you ever met a celebrity? Who is the most famous person you have met? Which celebrity would you like to meet? Why?

7. Where would you go if you wanted to see some celebrities? Where do celebrities hang out?

8. How do you imagine the lives of celebrities to be? Do you think they are happy, or are there any downsides to being a celebrity?

# data[].attributes.body
Have you ever experienced an abrupt change in your life? How did you adapt to it?

Is it better for leaders to make abrupt decisions in a crisis, or take a slower, cautious approach?

Do you think abrupt endings in movies or books are effective, or just frustrating?

Who is the most prominent public figure influencing society today, and why?

Should companies highlight prominent employees or focus more on teamwork and anonymity?

What experiences create the strongest bond between people—time, shared goals, or challenges?

Is the bond between family members always stronger than the bond between friends?

Why do people tend to flock to trends or popular ideas? Is it human nature or social pressure?

Have you ever flocked to something because everyone else was doing it? Did you regret it?

What’s a movie, event, or idea that created a lot of buzz recently? Was it worth the attention?

How do companies create buzz around a product launch?

Is buzz always positive, or can it be manipulative or misleading?

Can a simple experience—like a conversation or a song—have a profound impact?

Do you think technology has had a profound effect on human relationships? How?

# data[].attributes.body
Is English likely to remain the world’s dominant lingua franca? What could change that?

What are the benefits and drawbacks of using a lingua franca in international communication?

How does being bilingual influence identity? Do people behave differently in different languages?

How do accents influence people’s judgments about others? Are some accents unfairly stereotyped?

Should accents be considered part of cultural identity that should be preserved?

What does it really mean to be fluent in a language? Is fluency mostly about speed, confidence, or accuracy?

Which is more important when communicating: fluency or accuracy? Does it depend on the situation?

Should language learners correct every mistake, or focus on expressing ideas first?

# data[].attributes.body
abrupt

prominent

bond

flock

buzz

profound

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
From celebrities to influencers: A brief history of celebrity | BBC Ideas

# data[].attributes.body
1. Does being famous mean the same as being successful?

2. Which celebrities are famous for being famous (i.e., that are famous for no apparent reason)? Which people became famous for their connections to other famous people?

3. Why do so many people crave fame?

4. Why do we elevate some people to the position of celebrity? Why are people so obsessed with the lives of celebrities? Are you?

5. Considering celebrities make a lot of their money just by being famous, do they deserve the right to privacy?

6. Which people have not coped with fame very well? What happened to them?

7. If you could be a celebrity for a day, who would you be and why?

8. How would your relationship with your friends change if you or one of them became a celebrity? Would you like to be famous? Why or why not?

# data[].attributes.body
• A-list celebrity (noun) – extremely famous or successful celebrities.

• D-list celebrity (noun) – minor celebrities who are usually famous only for appearing on reality TV shows.

• glamorous (adjective) – attractive, exciting, charming, and alluring.

• household name (noun) – a person or brand that is very well known by the general public.

• claim to fame (noun) – something that made someone famous; the most interesting or important thing about a person or thing they did.

• internet famous (adjective) – someone who became famous through the internet, social media or other online activities.

# data[].attributes.body
1. How many different countries can you think of that have English as an official (or de facto official) language?

2. Do you find you become more fluent after a couple of beers? If so, why do you think that is?

3. How is the level of English teaching in schools in your country? How was your experience?

4. Does it make any difference if someone speaks English in their foreign accent, or is it important to speak the language in one of the various native accents?

5. Will English replace all other languages in the future? Could any other languages become an international language in the future?

# data[].attributes.body
1.

English is often described as a global lingua franca. To what extent is this beneficial, and what potential drawbacks might it have?

2.

In your opinion, is English becoming too informal due to social media and online communication? Should this evolution be embraced or resisted?

3.

How do regional varieties of English (e.g., Indian English, Nigerian English, Singapore English) challenge our idea of what “standard English” is?

4.

Do you think English owes its global status more to historical events or to its linguistic characteristics? Explain your reasoning.

5.

Some argue that the dominance of English contributes to the decline of minority languages. Do you agree? Why or why not?

6.

How important is pronunciation in achieving effective communication? Should learners aim for a native-like accent or simply intelligibility?

7.

Why do you think English spelling is so inconsistent? Should it be simplified, or is its complexity part of its identity?

8.

How does learning English through media (films, podcasts, games) differ from learning it in a classroom? Which method is more effective?

9.

How has globalization influenced the vocabulary of English? Can you think of examples where English has borrowed or adapted foreign words?

10.

Do you believe English teachers should expose learners to multiple accents? What advantages and challenges might this present?

11.

To what extent do you think English grammar rules are intuitive? Are any particularly illogical or difficult to justify?

12.

How does English compare to your native language in terms of expressiveness, nuance, or clarity?

13.

What role do idioms, phrasal verbs, and slang play in sounding natural in English? Are they essential or just optional extras?

14.

Do you think non-native speakers are reshaping the future of English? In what ways?

15.

How can advanced learners avoid plateauing at the C1 level? What strategies help push them toward true proficiency?

16.

Is English creativity (wordplay, metaphors, neologisms) easier or harder to master compared to your native language?

17.

Should English remain the dominant language in international business, science, and technology? Why or why not?

18.

Is it possible for English to lose its global dominance in the future? What language could replace it, if any?

19.

How do translation tools and AI affect the motivation to learn English? Do they help or hinder language proficiency?

20.

Does the diversity of global English varieties enrich communication or create confusion? Give examples to support your view.

1. English & Technology

How has AI (translation tools, chatbots, autocorrect) influenced the way people learn and use English?

Is technology enriching English or causing a decline in linguistic accuracy?

2. English Varieties & Identity

Should regional Englishes (e.g., Singaporean English, Jamaican English) be taught in school?

Is it possible to have a global language without losing cultural identity?

3. English & Education

Is immersion the most effective way to acquire near-native fluency?

Should English exams focus more on communication or accuracy?

4. The Future of English

Could another language realistically replace English as the dominant global language?

How might the English language sound in 100 years?

5. English & Media Influence

What impact do pop culture and entertainment industries have on the spread of English?

Does the rise of global streaming platforms promote linguistic diversity or uniformity?

6. Native vs. Non-Native Models

Should English teachers be native speakers, non-native speakers, or both?

Are native speakers still the best model of English in a globalized world?

7. Linguistic Challenges

Why is English spelling so irregular, and should it be reformed?

Which English grammar features feel the most illogical or inconsistent?

8. English in the Workplace

How does English proficiency impact career opportunities worldwide?

Should companies adopt simplified English for international communication?

9. Cultural Influence on English

To what extent does English carry cultural values from English-speaking countries?

Is language ever truly neutral?

10. Multilingualism & English

Does learning English help or hinder the preservation of local languages?

Can learning English expand a person's worldview, or does it limit them to Western perspectives?

11. Personal Experience Topics

How has learning English shaped your identity?

What moments in your life made you realize the importance of English?

12. Ethics & Power Dynamics

Is it fair that English dominates international communication?

Does the spread of English create inequality between people who speak it and those who don’t?

13. Creativity & Expression

Is it harder to be creative (write poetry, jokes, puns) in English as a second language?

Can learning English improve creativity in your native language?

14. English in Science & Academia

Should scientific research be published only in English for accessibility?

Does the dominance of English marginalize scholars from non-English-speaking countries?

15. Language Change & Purism

Should English be protected from slang and informal forms, or should it evolve freely?

Are “grammar purists” helping or harming the language?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Where did English come from? - Claire Bowern

# data[].attributes.body
1. Is it easier to understand English spoken by native speakers or non-native speakers?

2. How did English become the lingua franca of the world? Why not another language?

3. Do you find it easier to understand British or American accents? Which is your favourite English accent (after the Yorkshire accent, obviously)?

4. If only 2% of British people speak with a received pronunciation, why do people think this is the ‘British’ accent?

5. Some methodologies advocate teaching nothing but grammar, while others advocate not teaching grammar at all and instead concentrate on real-life communication. Which is more important for you: fluency or accuracy?

6. Given the importance of English to people’s lives around the world, should all schools in non-English speaking countries be bilingual?

# data[].attributes.body
Using the vocabulary words above, complete the following sentences 1. After a few beers, I become extremely ____________ when I speak French. On the other hand, what I say is in no way .

2. Arabic is the ____________ of 25 countries in the Middle East and North Africa.

3. Children around the world are increasingly being taught in ____________ schools where lessons are taught in both their native language and English.

4. David Cameron took elocution lessons to get rid of his posh ____________ and make himself sound more like a regular person.

5. Despite there being no evidence to suggest that ____________ make better English teachers, many English learners still want to be taught by them.

6. In 1941, the BBC allowed a northerner to read the news. This was the first time a person who did not speak with a ____________ appeared on the news.

# data[].attributes.body
• native speaker (noun) – someone whose language was acquired from birth, rather than learned later in life.

• lingua franca (noun) – a language adopted by people who speak different languages as a common form of communication.

• accent (noun) – differences in the way people who speak the same language pronounce words.

• received pronunciation (noun) – a non-regional British accent spoken by members of the upper class, often regarded as the ‘typical’ British accent (also known as ‘BBC English’ or ‘the King’s/Queen’s English’).

• fluency vs accuracy (nouns), fluent vs accurate (adjectives) – fluency is how comfortable a person is using a language; accuracy refers to whether the language used in communication is correct.

• bilingual (adjective) – the ability to speak two languages fluently and accurately

# data[].attributes.body
1. When did you first start learning English? Do you like learning English?

2. Why do you want to learn English? How do you intend to use the language? What are all the different ways that speaking English can improve a person's life?

3. When do you use English? How do you feel when you have to speak to someone in English?

4. What do you find most difficult about learning/using English? Which skills are the most difficult: speaking, writing, reading, or listening?

5. What is the best way to improve your English? What can you do to practice out of the classroom?

6. Do you have any favourite expressions in English?

7. In what ways is your language similar to English? How is it different?

8. What do you know about the origins of English? Where does it come from?

Why do you think English became a global language?

Is English easy or difficult to learn compared to your native language?

What aspects of English still challenge you at C1 level

Should English have a single global “standard,” or should local varieties be accepted as equally valid?

How has technology (social media, texting, AI tools) changed the way people use English?

Is English more expressive, more flexible, or simply more dominant than other languages?

“English should be simplified to make it easier to learn.”

“Native speakers should adapt to international English, not the other way around.”

“AI tools will reduce the need for people to learn English.”

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fuel = feed

·        The rising demand for renewable energy continues to fuel…

·        Social media tends to fuel…

·        New investments helped feed (fuel)…

2. Wearable technology

·        In the future, wearable technology will allow people to…

·        Many athletes rely on wearable technology to track…

·        One major challenge with wearable technology is that it sometimes…

3. Lab-grown

·        Scientists believe lab-grown meat could eventually…

·        Many people are unsure whether lab-grown products will…**

·        Lab-grown materials might help us reduce…**

4. Pace of change

·        The rapid pace of change in technology makes it hard for some people to…**

·        Companies must constantly adapt to keep up with the pace of change in…**

·        As the pace of change accelerates, governments need to…**

5. Weaving

·        She spent hours weaving the threads together to create…**

·        Weaving modern technology into traditional practices can…**

·        The designer is weaving new ideas into…**

6. Take off

·        Electric cars are finally starting to take off because…

·        The new fashion trend didn’t take off until…**

·        His business began to take off when…**

7. Convergence

·        The convergence of medicine and technology has led to…**

·        Digital convergence means that smartphones now combine…**

·        This project represents the convergence of ideas from…**

8. Vanguard

·        These young entrepreneurs are at the vanguard of…**

·        Scientists working at the vanguard of research hope to…**

·        The company sees itself at the vanguard of…**

9. Head up

·        She was chosen to head up the new research team because…**

·        A global expert will head up the project in order to…**

·        They asked him to head up the investigation after…**

# data[].attributes.body
Unilateral

Upholding

Exert

Homogenisation

Proponent

At face value

Contend

Creep

Cultural milieu

Heterogeniety

Constrained

Emerge

# data[].attributes.body
1. Do you think the culture of your country has changed in any way because of globalisation?

2. Has your country had a cultural effect on other countries in any way?

3. How has globalisation affected other national cultures around the world?

4. Think of the TV shows, films and music that you like or are popular in your country. Where do they come from?

5. What other cultural imports can you find in your country?

6. What effect has the English language had on different cultures around the world? Will there be a time in the future when English is the only language?

7. What have you done in the last week that has been influenced by cultural globalisation?

8. How has technology, such as the internet and social media, contributed to cultural globalisation?

# data[].attributes.body
Fuel = feed

Wearable technology

Lab-grown

Pace of change

Weaving

Take off

Convergence

Vanguard

Head up

# data[].attributes.body
1. Technology & Innovation

How might advances in AI, 3D printing, or nanotechnology change the way clothes are designed and made?

Will we one day have smart clothes that can adjust temperature, monitor health, or change color automatically?

Could virtual fashion (clothes that exist only in digital form) replace some physical garments?

2. Sustainability & Environment

What materials will future clothing be made from — biodegradable fabrics, lab-grown textiles, or recycled fibers?

How might future fashion reduce waste and pollution caused by the clothing industry today?

Will people own fewer clothes in the future, or simply rent and recycle them?

3. Identity & Culture

How will fashion express personal identity in a world where styles can change instantly through technology?

Will global fashion trends make us all dress alike, or will local traditions and cultures become more important again?

How might clothes help us express new kinds of identity — such as digital or hybrid selves?

4. Society & Economy

How will automation and AI affect jobs in the clothing industry — from design to production?

Could fashion become more inclusive and accessible, or more divided between luxury tech-wear and basic clothing?

How might governments or companies regulate clothing production to ensure ethical labor and sustainability?

5. Lifestyle & Functionality

Will future clothing be more about function than fashion — focusing on comfort, protection, or performance?

Could our clothes become tools, helping us connect to the internet, translate languages, or protect us from pollution?

What would a “typical outfit” look like in 2050?

6. Philosophical & Creative

In essence, will fashion still be about self-expression, or will it become purely technological and practical?

If everyone could design and print their own clothes at home, how would that change our idea of style and value?

What do you think people in the future will laugh or wonder about when they see the clothes we wear today?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Wonder

What makes the traditional and modern clothing styles of Ukraine a wonder to people both inside and outside the country?

Which aspects of Ukrainian fashion make you wonder how culture and creativity have survived and evolved over time?

2. Attire

How does traditional Ukrainian attire — such as the vyshyvanka (embroidered shirt) — continue to influence modern fashion?

What role does national attire play in shaping cultural identity and pride in Ukraine today?

3. Showcase

How do Ukrainian designers showcase their heritage and craftsmanship in international fashion shows or online platforms?

Should more be done to showcase regional or rural textile traditions?

4. Craft (v)

How do local artisans craft garments that balance old weaving techniques with modern style?

What challenges do small workshops face when trying to craft sustainable clothing on a larger scale?

5. Hemp

Ukraine has a long history of hemp cultivation. How could hemp help revive the Ukrainian textile industry in a sustainable way?

Why might some brands opt for hemp fabrics over synthetic or imported materials?

6. Garment

What makes a Ukrainian-made garment distinct from those produced in mass-market industries elsewhere?

How do garment makers in Ukraine combine function, symbolism, and beauty in their designs?

7. Opt for

Why might consumers today opt for locally produced clothing instead of fast fashion?

How can Ukrainian designers encourage people to opt for sustainable and ethical choices?

8. Ornate

Traditional Ukrainian embroidery is often ornate and symbolic. How does this style appeal to modern global fashion tastes?

Is there a risk that the ornate details of traditional garments could be lost in industrial production?

9. In essence / At heart

In essence, what defines Ukrainian fashion — tradition, craftsmanship, innovation, or resilience?

At heart, is Ukrainian clothing more about function, cultural expression, or artistic identity?

10. Homespun / Woven

How is the tradition of homespun and woven fabrics being preserved or reinvented in modern Ukrainian textiles?

Could the revival of homespun production support rural communities and sustainable fashion movements?

11. Bast shoes

Bast shoes (lychaky) are a humble yet iconic part of Ukraine’s clothing history. How can such traditional footwear inspire modern design or eco-friendly trends?

What do bast shoes symbolize about Ukraine’s connection to nature and simplicity in clothing?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fuel = Feed

How are new materials, technologies, or data acting as the “fuel” that feeds innovation in the clothing industry today?

Can sustainability become the main feedstock for future fashion growth, replacing traditional fuels like mass production and cheap labor?

2. Wearable Technology

How is wearable tech reshaping the boundary between clothing and devices?

What ethical or privacy concerns arise as clothing begins to collect and transmit data?

Could wearable technology change the definition of fashion from aesthetic to functional performance?

3. Lab-Grown

How might lab-grown fabrics (like lab-grown leather or spider silk) transform material sourcing in the fashion world?

What are the environmental and social implications of lab-grown textiles replacing natural or synthetic ones?

4. Pace of Change

Is the fashion industry evolving too quickly for consumers to keep up — or not fast enough to address sustainability challenges?

How does the pace of change in digital design and AI-driven production affect creativity and tradition in fashion?

5. Weaving

How have ancient weaving techniques influenced modern textile innovation?

In what ways can weaving be seen as both an art form and a technology — especially with the rise of automated looms and 3D knitting?

6. Take Off

Which recent innovations or brands do you think are ready to take off and redefine the industry?

What factors determine whether a new fashion technology gains traction or fails?

7. Convergence

How are technology, sustainability, and culture converging in the modern clothing industry?

Are we seeing a convergence between fashion and other industries — like health, sports, or entertainment?

8. Vanguard

Who or what is currently at the vanguard of fashion innovation?

What does it mean for a brand or designer to be on the vanguard — and how can others follow?

9. Head Up

How can the fashion industry keep its head up amid challenges like fast fashion, overproduction, and environmental impact?

What leadership qualities are needed to guide the next generation of clothing innovators?

# data[].attributes.body
Fuel = feed

Wearable technology

Lab-grown

Pace of change

Weaving

Take off

Convergence

Vanguard

Head up

# data[].attributes.body
1. When have you worn a costume? If you could wear any costume to a party, which costume would you like to wear?

2. How many items of clothing do you think you own? Do you think you have too many items of clothing?

3. Which celebrities have the best wardrobe?

4. How would you describe your look?

5. Where have you had to follow a dress code? Do you agree with dress codes for restaurants, bars and sports clubs? Why or why not?

6. What items of clothing do you consider provocative?

# data[].attributes.body
Deem

At heart

Vicious

Rumble

Defeatist

Self-deceit

Aspiration

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Do We Have Free Will or Are We Predetermined?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Tradition Meets Modernity

How do Ukrainian designers blend traditional embroidery (vyshyvanka) with modern fashion trends?

Can heritage be woven into contemporary garments without losing authenticity?

Do you prefer ornate traditional designs or minimalist modern styles?

2. Fashion as National Identity

In what ways does Ukrainian fashion express national pride or cultural craftsmanship?

How have recent events influenced how people showcase their identity through attire?

3. Sustainability and Local Materials

Many Ukrainian designers opt for sustainable fabrics such as hemp or linen.

Do you think using local materials makes fashion more ethical or just more marketable?

How does homespun fabric compare to industrially produced textiles?

4. Folk Influence in High Fashion

Why do elements of folk costume (like bast shoes or embroidered belts) still inspire modern designers?

Can folk clothing ever truly go out of style?

5. The Global Rise of Ukrainian Designers

Brands like Bevza, Paskal, and Ksenia Schnaider have showcased Ukrainian fashion internationally.

What makes Ukrainian design stand out globally?

Should designers opt for global recognition or focus on preserving local roots?

6. Fashion and Resilience

During times of crisis, Ukrainian artists and designers have continued to create and craft clothing.

Can fashion be a form of resistance or hope?

How do woven and homespun elements symbolize endurance?

7. Symbolism in Embroidery

Each region of Ukraine has its own embroidery patterns.

What stories do these patterns tell?

Do you think ornate embroidery can be as meaningful today as it was centuries ago?

8. Gender and Fashion

How are traditional Ukrainian garments reinterpreted for modern gender-neutral fashion?

Is Ukrainian fashion becoming more inclusive?

9. Handmade vs. Mass-Produced

Many Ukrainian designers emphasize crafted items over mass production.

Do you think handmade clothing has a future in a fast-fashion world?

How does craftsmanship influence the value of attire?

10. Fashion Shows and Cultural Diplomacy

Fashion weeks in Kyiv and abroad showcase Ukraine’s creative scene.

How does fashion help shape international perceptions of Ukraine?

Should governments support fashion as part of cultural diplomacy?

11. In Essence, What Is “Ukrainian Style”?

In essence, what makes Ukrainian fashion unique?

Is it colour, craftsmanship, symbolism, or attitude?

How has it evolved at heart over the decades?

12. The Future of Ukrainian Fashion

What direction will Ukrainian fashion take in the next 10 years?

Will designers continue to craft traditional-inspired pieces or fully embrace global minimalism?

What role will sustainability and technology play?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Wonder

What’s something in nature that still fills you with wonder as an adult?

Have you ever visited a place that made you wonder about the limits of human creativity?

Do you think we’re losing our sense of wonder in the digital age?

2. Attire / Garment / Ornate — Fashion Opinion

Task: Give your opinion as

A fashion historian discussing how ornate attire was used to show status in the past.

A minimalist designer arguing that simple garments reflect authenticity.

A journalist analyzing how modern fashion showcases individuality.

Follow-up question:
Do you think people judge others by their attire?

3. Showcase / Craft (v) / Opt for — Product Pitch

Task:
Imagine you’ve crafted something unique (e.g., jewelry, furniture, or clothing). Prepare a 60-second pitch to showcase your creation.

Describe what you made and why you opted for certain materials or designs.

Explain what makes your product special or sustainable.

4. Hemp / Homespun / Woven / Bast Shoes — Cultural Storytelling

Task:
Tell a short story (2–3 minutes) set in a rural village or traditional culture.
You must include at least five of these words: hemp, homespun, woven, garment, bast shoes, ornate.

5. In essence / At heart — Abstract Thinking

Task:
Give a 1-minute mini talk on one of these topics:

“In essence, what does creativity mean to you?”

“At heart, are humans more traditional or innovative?”

“In essence, what defines true style?”

# data[].attributes.body
“Finish the Sentence” Speaking Exercise

1. Wonder

Sometimes I can’t help but wonder why…

2. Attire

The most memorable occasion where I had to choose my attire carefully was when…

3. Showcase

If I had the chance to showcase one of my talents to the world, I would…

4. Craft (verb)

I once tried to craft something by hand, and what surprised me most was…

5. Hemp

With sustainability in mind, I think more products should be made from hemp because…

6. Garment

The most meaningful garment I own is…

7. Opt for

When faced with a difficult decision, I usually opt for…

8. Ornate

I once saw a building so ornate that…

9. In essence

In essence, my philosophy about success is that…

10. At heart

At heart, I consider myself a person who…

11. Homespun

There’s something comforting about homespun traditions because…

12. Woven

I believe our experiences are woven together in a way that…

13. Bast shoes

When I first learned what bast shoes were, I realized that…

# data[].attributes.body
Wonder

Attire

Showcase

Craft (v)

Hemp

Garment

Opt for

Ornate

In essence

At heart

Homespun

Woven

Bast shoes

# data[].attributes.body
1. Free as a Bird

What would you do if you felt "free as a bird"? Imagine a day where you had no responsibilities. What activities would you do?

Can someone be “free as a bird” and still have obligations (like family or work)?

2. Free Spirit

Do you know someone who could be described as a "free spirit"? What characteristics or behaviors make them this way?

3. Free Will

Do you believe in "free will"? Do you think we can make decisions without any outside influences?

If we always have free will, why do some people feel that their lives are controlled by fate or circumstances?

4. Destiny

Do you think that our lives are shaped by "destiny" or that we control what happens to us through our actions? Why do you think that?

Have you ever experienced a situation where you felt that something was meant to happen (like destiny)?

5. Freedom of Thought / Conscience

Discussion Prompt: Do you think "freedom of thought" is important? How would the world change if people didn’t have the freedom to think or believe whatever they want?

6. Artistic Freedom / Expression

Discussion Prompt: Do you think artists should always have "artistic freedom"? Are there any limits to what an artist should be allowed to express?

Can artistic freedom sometimes offend others? How should we balance freedom of expression and respect for others' feelings?

Do you think there should be any rules or guidelines for artistic expression, or should it be completely free?

# data[].attributes.body
Wonder

Attire

Showcase

Craft (v)

Hemp

Garment

Opt for

Ornate

In essence

At heart

Homespun

Woven

Bast shoes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What Is Traditional Ukrainian Clothing? - The Documentary Reel

# data[].attributes.headline
Lesson 29.10 24.10 Ukrainian identity and freedom

# data[].attributes.subject
Lesson 29.10 24.10 Ukrainian identity and freedom

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is freedom? What freedoms do you have?

2. What are you not free to do? What would you like to have the freedom to do?

3. Which people in society have the most freedom? Which people have the least?

4. What determines whether a country can be considered free or not?

5. How free would you say your country is? Do some people enjoy more freedoms than others? Does the government restrict freedom in any way?

6. In which countries do the people enjoy the most freedom? In which countries do the people enjoy the least freedom?

7. Do freedom and democracy mean the same thing? Why or why not?

8. Is it necessary to reduce freedom in order to increase security? Which is more important for you?

# data[].attributes.body
What role does the Ukrainian language play in defining national identity today?

How has the portrayal of Ukrainian resilience influenced global perceptions of Ukraine?

How do regional differences contribute to or challenge a shared national narrative?

Can cultural hybridity be a source of strength rather than division?

Does distance from the homeland strengthen or dilute national identity?

How do monuments, folk traditions, and national holidays shape collective memory?

How should Ukraine balance linguistic diversity with national cohesion?

What can be learned from other multilingual societies?

# data[].attributes.body
Delicious – /dɪˈlɪʃəs/

Filling – /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

Endless – /ˈɛndləs/

Dough – /doʊ/

Flour – /ˈflaʊər/

Shape – /ʃeɪp/

Seal the edges – /siːl ði ˈɛdʒɪz/

Pinch – /pɪntʃ/

Fold – /foʊld/

Serve – /sɜːrv/

Dollop – /ˈdɑːləp/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Vareniki Dumplings | How To Make Vareniki!

# data[].attributes.body
🥟 1. Traditional Ukrainian Dishes

Discussion Prompts:

What are some notable dishes that form the foundation of traditional Ukrainian cuisine?

Are there any you particularly enjoy or dislike? What influences your preferences?

If you were to suggest a quintessential Ukrainian dish to a visitor, which would it be and why?

🥬 2. Festive Meals and Culinary Traditions

Discussion Prompts:

What specific dishes are typically prepared for major holidays such as Christmas or Easter?

In what ways do festive meals reflect Ukraine’s cultural and religious traditions?

How do these culinary customs contribute to family unity during celebrations?

🍞 3. The Symbolism of Bread in Ukrainian Culture

Discussion Prompts:

Why does bread hold such deep cultural and symbolic meaning in Ukrainian society?

What is korovai, and on what occasions is it traditionally used?

How is bread incorporated into ceremonial practices or family rituals?

🧑‍🍳 4. Family Recipes and Culinary Heritage

Discussion Prompts:

Are there any cherished family recipes that have been passed down through generations in your family?

Who typically takes on the role of preparing meals in your household?

In what ways does cooking shape your family’s traditions or identity?

🛒 5. Culinary Evolution: Past and Present

Discussion Prompts:

How has Ukrainian cuisine evolved over the past two to three decades?

What types of foods were common during your grandparents’ era that are less frequently consumed today?

Are traditional dishes still widely appreciated by younger generations?

🍽️ 6. Contemporary Eating Habits in Ukraine

Discussion Prompts:

What does a typical daily meal plan look like in Ukraine — from breakfast to dinner?

How are modern lifestyles influencing traditional eating patterns?

Would you consider the traditional Ukrainian diet to be well-balanced and nutritious?

🎉 7. Food in Celebratory Contexts (Weddings, Birthdays, etc.)

Discussion Prompts:

What foods are customarily served at festive gatherings such as weddings or birthday celebrations?

What cultural or symbolic significance do these dishes carry?

How do Ukrainian celebratory meals compare with those from other cultural traditions?

🌍 8. Ukrainian Cuisine in Comparison with Global Food Cultures

Discussion Prompts:

Have you had the opportunity to try international cuisines? How would you compare them with Ukrainian food?

What similarities or distinctions can you identify between them?

At a special event, would you personally prefer a Ukrainian menu or an international one — and why?

👨‍🌾 9. Local Ingredients and Regional Produce

Discussion Prompts:

What ingredients are most commonly used in Ukrainian cooking?

To what extent are local and seasonal products valued in your region?

How does Ukraine’s natural environment influence its culinary traditions?

🏘️ 10. Urban vs. Rural Food Culture

Discussion Prompts:

How does the culinary culture differ between urban areas and rural communities in Ukraine?

Which dishes tend to be more prevalent in village settings?

Do people in rural areas maintain a stronger connection to traditional food practices?

✈️ 11. Introducing Ukrainian Cuisine to Tourists

Discussion Prompts:

Which traditional dishes would you recommend to international visitors for a genuine taste of Ukrainian cuisine?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Which major wars from history do you know about? What caused these wars? What are some current conflicts that are happening in the world? Why are these happening?

2. What are the most common causes of war?

3. Which countries have the most powerful militaries? What makes them powerful?

4. How much does the military contribute to national pride? Is this a good thing or a bad thing?

5. Which countries have a reputation for being warlike? Which countries have a reputation for being peaceful?

6. Which wars has your country been involved in?

7. Do you ever watch films about war? Do you have any favourite war movies?

# data[].attributes.body
1. Describe a beautiful place in Ukraine you have visited or would like to visit.

Use: for example, also, because

2. Talk about the differences between eastern and western Ukraine.

Use: on the other hand, whereas, in addition

3. Explain why Ukraine is a good place for tourists.

Use: because, for instance, moreover

4. Discuss the challenges and benefits of traveling within Ukraine.

Use: although, however, as a result

5. Describe Ukrainian nature and how it changes with the seasons.

Use: for example, in addition, therefore

6. Give your opinion on how tourism could be improved in Ukraine.

Use: first of all, moreover, so

# data[].attributes.body
🏞️ Nature and Landscapes

1. What are some of the most beautiful natural places in Ukraine you’ve visited or heard about?

2. How would you describe the Ukrainian landscape to a foreigner who has never been here?

3. Which region of Ukraine has the most diverse nature, in your opinion? Why?

4. How does nature in Ukraine change with the seasons? Which season is your favorite and why?

5. Do you prefer mountains, forests, lakes, or the sea? Where in Ukraine can you find these landscapes?

✈️ Travel Experiences

6. Have you traveled a lot within Ukraine? What was your most memorable trip?

7. What cities or natural parks would you recommend to someone visiting Ukraine for the first time?

8. Is it easier or more difficult to travel in Ukraine compared to other countries? Why?

9. How has domestic tourism in Ukraine changed in recent years?

10. Have you ever tried eco-tourism or camping in Ukraine? Share your experience.

🌍 Culture and Local Life

11. What local traditions or customs can tourists experience when traveling around Ukraine?

12. How do people in different parts of Ukraine connect with nature? For example, how is life different in the Carpathians compared to Odesa or the steppes?

13. What Ukrainian dishes should travelers try in different regions?

🌱 Environmental Awareness

14. What are some environmental challenges facing Ukrainian nature today?

15. How can tourists help protect nature while traveling in Ukraine?

16. Do you think Ukrainian people care enough about preserving their natural environment? Why or why not?

🗺️ Future Travel

17. What is one place in Ukraine you haven’t visited yet but really want to?

18. Do you think Ukraine has good travel infrastructure (roads, hotels, information)? What could be improved?

19. Would you recommend Ukraine as a tourist destination to a foreigner? Why?

20. If you could create a travel itinerary for 5 days in Ukraine, which places would you include?

# data[].attributes.body
• war crime, war criminal (nouns) – a violation of the rules of war as defined by international law; someone who has committed a war crime.

• winning / the battle for hearts and minds (noun) – actions and efforts to appeal to the supporters of the opposing side in a conflict.

• military coup (noun) – when the military takes power from the government.

• civil war (noun) – a war between two groups of citizens from the same country, one of which is often the government.

• ceasefire (noun) – when two sides in a conflict agree to stop fighting for a period of time.

• collateral damage (noun) – injury or damage to an unintended target; civilian casualties in a conflict.

# data[].attributes.body
🇺🇦 Discussion Topics: Ukrainian Food Culture

🔸 1. Ukrainian Cuisine as a Reflection of National Identity

Topic: “To understand Ukraine, you must first taste it.”

How does Ukrainian food represent the national character, values, and history?

🔸 2. The Cultural Significance of Borscht

Topic: “Borscht is not just a soup – it’s a statement.”

Why is borscht such a powerful symbol of Ukrainian culture, and how has it become part of a political and cultural narrative?

🔸 3. Food and Family Traditions

Topic: “Ukrainian kitchens are where culture is passed down.”

How is food used to maintain family traditions, pass on stories, and preserve heritage?

🔸 4. Regional Diversity in Ukrainian Cuisine

Topic: “One nation, many kitchens.”

How do regional differences shape Ukrainian food culture — from Hutsul banosh to Crimean Tatar chebureki?

🔸 5. Holiday Foods and Rituals

Topic: “What we eat on holidays says who we are.”

How do foods prepared for Christmas, Easter, and other celebrations reflect Ukrainian beliefs and values?

🔸 6. Food in Times of Conflict

Topic: “Can cuisine survive war?”

How have conflict, displacement, and occupation influenced Ukrainian food culture and food security?

🔸 7. The Global Rise of Ukrainian Cuisine

Topic: “From Kyiv to California: Can Ukrainian cuisine go global?”

What are the opportunities and risks of turning traditional Ukrainian food into an international brand?

🔸 8. The Role of Women in Preserving Food Culture

Topic: “Behind every varenyky is a grandmother.”

How have women in Ukraine shaped, preserved, and passed on culinary traditions?

🔸 9. Modernization vs. Authenticity in Ukrainian Cuisine

Topic: “Reinventing tradition or losing it?”

Should Ukrainian dishes be modernized to appeal to younger generations, or kept strictly traditional?

🔸 10. Street Food and the Urban Food Scene in Ukraine

Topic: “Street food as the new cultural ambassador?”

What role does contemporary Ukrainian street food play in shaping a modern national food identity?

# data[].attributes.body
Choose the best answer for each question.

1. The international campaign to recognize borscht as a Ukrainian dish is an example of:
A) military coup
B) civil war
C) winning the battle for hearts and minds
D) collateral damage

2. The destruction of local bakeries and traditional food markets in war zones could be seen as:
A) ceasefire
B) collateral damage
C) war criminal
D) military coup

3. Spreading false claims about the origins of Ukrainian dishes as a political tool could be considered part of:
A) a military coup
B) collateral damage
C) a civil war
D) a cultural battle for hearts and minds

4. A person who deliberately targets cultural sites, such as culinary schools, during war could be accused of:
A) war crime
B) ceasefire
C) civil war
D) winning hearts and minds

5. Promoting Ukrainian food at international festivals during wartime can help to:
A) initiate a military coup
B) achieve a ceasefire
C) commit a war crime
D) win the battle for hearts and minds

6. The appropriation of Ukrainian food culture by another nation during war might be seen by some as:
A) a ceasefire agreement
B) an act of collateral damage
C) a form of cultural war crime
D) a result of civil war

✍️ FINISH-THE-SENTENCE EXERCISES

1. The UNESCO recognition of borscht as Ukrainian heritage was part of Ukraine’s effort to __________.

2. When cultural landmarks, like food museums, are damaged during bombings, it is often dismissed as __________.

3. If traditional food practices are deliberately erased during wartime, some experts argue this could constitute a __________.

4. A chef who knowingly participates in spreading propaganda and justifies the destruction of food culture might be considered a __________.

5. Despite the conflict, some communities have proposed a cultural __________, allowing food festivals to continue in peace.

6. In times of __________, food traditions may split along political lines, with different regions adopting different culinary symbols.

7. A __________ often leads to major disruptions in all aspects of daily life, including agriculture and food supply chains.

# data[].attributes.body
In 2019, the official Twitter account of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs posted: “An eternal classic, #borscht is one of the most famous and beloved Russian #dishes and a symbol of national cuisine.” This sparked a heated debate on social media. Ukrainian users accused Russia of appropriating an element of Ukraine’s cultural heritage.

In October 2020, Ukraine officially added borscht to its National List of Elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage. On March 30, 2021, the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs submitted a nomination dossier to UNESCO, comprising over 700 pages of documentary evidence asserting that borscht is a dish of Ukrainian origin.

Meanwhile, in October 2020, the official publication of the Government of the Russian Federation, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, published an article titled "Whose Soup Will It Be?" which stated: “Ukraine has found yet another pretext for a scandal — its Ministry of Culture is planning to nominate borscht for inclusion in UNESCO’s list of intangible cultural heritage.”

# data[].attributes.body
The first documented mention of Ukrainian borscht dates back to 1584 in Kyiv. In his travel diaries, the German trade agent Martin Gruneweg referred to the dish. On October 17, 1584, his merchant caravan arrived in Kyiv and stopped for the night by a river he referred to as the Borshchivka. This was the modern-day Borshchahivka River, which later gave its name to the present-day western suburbs of Kyiv. According to Gruneweg, the locals explained that the river had been named after a borscht market that had once operated in the area.

# data[].attributes.headline
Lesson 26 03.10 What do you think about it?

# data[].attributes.subject
Lesson 26 03.10 What do you think about it?

# data[].attributes.body
“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.”

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955), theoretical physicist

# data[].attributes.body
Multiple choice

1. Since the beginning of humanity, how have people settled disagreements?

a) with negotiations

b) with guns

c) with violence

2. When was the first Geneva Convention? a) 1854 b) 1864 c) 1874

3. Whom do the laws of war protect?

a) non-combatants

b) military personnel

c) women and children

4. When civilians are attacked, this is…

a) a civil offence

b) a criminal offence

c) an economic offence

Sentence completion

5. During a conflict, anything essential for civilians’ _______must not be destroyed.

6. Civilians have a right to receive the _______they need.

7. The laws of war ban the ________of prisoners of war.

8. Prisoners of war must be provided with food and water and have the right to communicate wit _______ .

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What are the Rules of War? | The Laws of War  | ICRC

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are some of the worst war crimes that have been committed? Do you consider anyone who is free to be a war criminal?

2. What is the best way to win hearts and minds during a military conflict?

3. Can you think of any military coups from history? Why do these happen?

4. Which major civil wars from history can you think of? What are some reasons why civil war might break out?

5. Why might two sides in a conflict agree to a ceasefire? Are ceasefires always the first step in ending a conflict?

6. What can sides in a conflict do to minimise collateral damage? Do military forces or other combatants always try to avoid collateral damage?

# data[].attributes.body
1. After the country gained its independence----------broke out between those who favoured a federal government, and those who favoured a centralised government.

2. Slobodan Milošević, the former president of Serbia, was charged with numerous ---------and crimes against humanity including genocide, ethnic cleansing, extermination, torture, and persecution.

3. The government and the rebels agreed to a ---------while negotiations take place to resolve the conflict.

4. The president was forced to flee the country after generals staged a ----------.

5. There have been reports of ----------- after a bomb was dropped on a hospital by mistake.

6. --------will be vital if public support for the insurgents is to be eliminated.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What Do People Know About Ukraine Abroad?

What do foreigners usually think about Ukraine?

Have you met someone from another country who knew something interesting about Ukraine?

2. Ukrainian Symbols and Identity

What are some important symbols of Ukraine (flag, trident, anthem)?

How can these symbols be shown or explained abroad?

Do you think these symbols help people understand Ukrainian culture?

3. Ukrainian Culture on the World Stage

What Ukrainian traditions or holidays could be interesting for people abroad?

Are there any Ukrainian singers, artists, or athletes famous in other countries?

How can music, food, and art help present Ukraine to the world?

4. Tourism in Ukraine

What places in Ukraine should tourists visit?

What do you think surprises foreigners when they visit Ukraine?

How can Ukraine become more attractive for tourists?

5. Ukrainians Living Abroad

Do you know any Ukrainians who live in other countries?

How do they help present Ukraine in a positive way?

What traditions do they keep when living abroad?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Entertainment like you’ve never imagined. TV, the Virgin Media Way

# data[].attributes.headline
Lesson 23 12.09 - Music label presentation

# data[].attributes.subject
Lesson 23 12.09 - Music label presentation

# data[].attributes.body
Presentation Structure

🟠 Introduction (2–3 minutes)

·        Greet the audience

·        Briefly introduce yourself

·        Share the purpose of the presentation

·        Give a teaser question:
“What makes a music label more than just a business?”

🟠 Section 1: About the Music Label (3–5 minutes)

·        Name of the label and meaning behind it

·        Founding story (when, why, and by whom)

·        Location and genre focus (e.g., hip-hop, indie, EDM)

·        Mission and core values

🟠 Section 2: Roster of Artists (5–7 minutes)

·        Introduce key artists signed under the label

·        Highlight their style, achievements, and upcoming projects

·        Mention how the label supports artist development

🟠 Section 3: What Sets the Label Apart (4–6 minutes)

·        Unique sound or vision

·        Innovative marketing or branding strategies

·        Collaborations or cultural influence

·        Social impact, diversity, or inclusion efforts

Optional:

·        Compare briefly to other known labels (without dissing them)

🟠 Section 4: Success Stories / Key Milestones (3–5 minutes)

·        Major releases

·        Chart success

·        Tours or festivals

·        Viral moments or media coverage

🟠 Section 5: Future Plans (2–3 minutes)

·        Upcoming albums, events, or expansions

·        Plans to sign new talent

·        Vision for the next 5 years

🟠 Conclusion & Call to Action (2 minutes)

·        Recap the most important points

·        End with a strong quote or artist lyric

·        Invite the audience to follow, support, or ask questions

Example Call to Action:

“If you believe in real music, raw talent, and the future of sound — then this label is one to watch.”

# data[].attributes.body
What are some effective ways to keep an informal presentation engaging?

How much preparation should go into an informal presentation?

Have you ever experienced an informal presentation that went poorly? What went wrong?

What can a speaker do if the audience seems disinterested during an informal presentation?

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is your favorite team memory?

2. Describe your team in one word.

3. What is your team’s biggest strength?

4. What are the top three must-have office items?

5. Best professional development book you’d recommend?

6. What is your most valuable soft skill for successful teams?

7. What is your favorite tool to use for team productivity?

8. How do you describe your job to a three-year-old?

9. What is your go-to office lunch?

10. What makes your team unique?

# data[].attributes.body
Kind of used to

Disparity

Ally

Cease

# data[].attributes.body
Melancholic – /ˌmel.ənˈkɒ.lɪk/

Nostalgic – /nɒˈstæl.dʒɪk/

Introspective – /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv/

Reflective – /rɪˈflek.tɪv/

Languid – /ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪd/

Dormant – /ˈdɔː.mənt/

Wither – /ˈwɪð.ə(r)/

Tranquillity – /træŋˈkwɪ.lə.ti/

How does the transition from summer to autumn affect your emotional state, and why do you think seasonal changes trigger specific moods?

Do you find the melancholic or introspective atmosphere of autumn to be creatively stimulating or emotionally draining? Explain.

In your culture or personal experience, is autumn associated more with endings or with beginnings?

Some people feel a sense of tranquillity in autumn’s stillness and slower pace. Others feel languid or unmotivated. What determines whether a person thrives or struggles emotionally during autumn?

# data[].attributes.body
Why do some people become obsessed by autumn fashion or seasonal coffee drinks?

Does this seasonal consumerism boil down to marketing or something deeper?

What trends do you see being incited by influencers or companies in autumn?

# data[].attributes.body
What aspects of Kyiv’s autumn scenery are most compelling to you?

Do you feel a sense of gratification when walking through the parks in autumn? Why or why not?

Is there a convergence of emotions during autumn speacially in Kyiv or any other place (e.g. nostalgia, energy, sadness)?

Which local traditions or activities enhance the seasonal experience?

Do you get taken in by the atmosphere or remain indifferent?

How could you enhance the holistic experience of autumn in Kyiv?

# data[].attributes.body
Crispness – /ˈkrɪspnəs/

Hack a lot of – /hæk ə lɒt əv/

Those two never go together – /ðəʊz tuː ˈnɛvə ɡəʊ təˈɡɛðə/

Be obsessed by – /biː əbˈsɛst baɪ/

Boil down to – /bɔɪl daʊn tuː/

# data[].attributes.headline
Lesson 22 05.09 What do you like about fall?

# data[].attributes.subject
Lesson 22 05.09 What do you like about fall?