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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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Congress created the organization to assist newly freed black people in becoming part of the American society.

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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Abraham was the 16th president and his policies on slavery was abolishing it and he vigorously supported the 13th amendment, he also did feel confined by his constitutional authority as president to challenge slavery only in the context of necessary war measures.

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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Andrew Johnson stated that war had been fought to preserve the Union. He formulated a lenient plan which was based on Lincoln's earlier 10% plan which allowed the Southern states to begin holding elections and sending representatives back to Washington.

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Black codes and Jim Crow laws were laws passed at different periods in the southern United States to enforce racial segregation and curtail the power of Black voters.

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The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

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On this day in 1865, 6 confederate veterans who met in Pulaski TN, formed a secret society that they called the Ku Klux Klan. In the aftermath of the civil war, the KKK quickly morphed from a social fraternity to a violent group that sought to push back against key Reconstruction policies championed by Radical Republicans in Congress policies for the first time enfranchise former African-American slaves.

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The civil rights act of 1866 declared all persons born in the US to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude". Even though President Andrew Johnson vetoed this legislation, the veto was overturned by the 39th US Congress.

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In the late afternoon of May 1, 1866, long broiling tensions between the residents of southern Memphis, Tennessee erupted into a 3 day riot known as the Memphis race Riot. The riot began when a white police officer attempted to arrest a black ex-soldier and and estimated fifty blacks showed up to stop the police from jailing him.

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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These laws divided the former Confederates states (with the exception of TN) into 5 military districts and outlined the process of readmission to the Union.

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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Ratified by the necessary 28 of the 37 states and became part of the supreme law of the land.

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Grant supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation.

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Under the direction of Congress, most southern states held new constitutional conventions in 1867-68. This time the freedmen voted and participated. The resulting new state constitutions guaranteed the right of black adult males to vote and run for public office.

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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Passed by Congress on 2/26/1869, and ratified on feb. 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote.

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June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

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June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

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Triggered by concerns about possible German use of the Dominican Republic as a base for attacks on the United States during World War I, the U.S. Government began a military occupation and administration of that country in 1916, which would last until 1924.

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Occurred on April 13, 1873. The battle-turned-massacre took place in the small town of Colfax, Louisiana as a clash between blacks and whites. Three whites and an estimated 150 blacks died in conflict.

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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Known as the Shotgun Policy in South Carolina, the Mississippi Plan called for the bribery or intimidation of black voters. Financial enticements were given to blacks who supported the Democrats, and violence was waged on others in order to convince them to join a Democratic club for protection.

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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The Compromise of 1877 was an informal agreement between southern Democrats and allies of the Republican Rutherford Hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the Reconstruction era.