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Using the Elliptical Marquee Tool, we can make circular or elliptical selections. To create a perfect square or circle

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Clipping masks in Photoshop are a versatile and powerful technique used to control the visibility of a layer.

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The Transform feature allows users to alter their object or selection in a variety of ways, such as scale, rotate, distort, or flip (mirror)

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Kerning is the process of adding or subtracting space between specific pairs of characters

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The vertical space between lines of type is called leading

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Tracking is the process of loosening or tightening a block of text.

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The Select and Mask Properties panel has multiple controls for refining all the edges of a selection.

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The Sharpen tool focuses soft edges in a photo to increase clarity or focus.

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The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image

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The Burn tool darkens areas of an image. The more you paint over an area with the Burn tool, the darker it becomes.

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The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation

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the Sponge Tool makes the colors more faded

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The Smudge tool is a Photoshop feature that allows you to mix or blend the content in an area of your image

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The Crop tool allows you to select an area of a photo and remove or crop everything outside the selected area

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You draw it across a line that's supposed to be straight, and then Photoshop will do the actual straightening for you

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Paint bucket tool is used to fill colour on particular drawing.

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The Gradient tool allows you to create gradual changes of color and light across an image with power and precision.

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view

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Zoom tool. Click the magnifying glass in the toolbar to access the Zoom tool, and then click on the specific area you want to zoom in on

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The Brush tool allows you to paint on any layer, much like a real paintbrush.

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The Brush tool allows you to paint on any layer, much like a real paintbrush. You'll also

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The Rectangular Marquee Tool is used for making a rectangular selection. The Elliptical Marquee Tool is used for making a circular selection.

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image

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The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges.

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The Magic Wand tool automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select

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The Lasso tool is helpful for drawing a free-form border around a selected object within an image. It allows you to soften the edges of your selection or add a feathering effect

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It works by sampling a source area and blending it with the target area, creating a seamless and natural-looking result

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The Spot Healing Brush tool magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image

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The Clone Stamp tool copies pixels from one area and applies them to another.

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The Patch tool is one of the most used and most helpful tools for photo editors. If you want to remove something distracting from the background of an image or even out an area that appears irregular, such as acne on a model's face, you're going to want to use this tool

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allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys

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Contrast is the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image

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Vibrance allows photographers to increase the intensity of muted colors while leaving saturated colors untouched

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Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as color

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Color balance changes the overall mixture of colors in an image and is used for color correction

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Saturation describes the intensity of the color. And lightness refers to how light or dark the color is.

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The scrim is placed close to the subject, diffusing and reducing the intensity of light

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What is a reflector? A reflector is a photography tool used to redirect light to a subject or scene

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2 and Ø 30.15 mm field diameter.

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What is full-frame? A full-frame sensor is most simply deﬁned by its sheer size—36 mm by 24 mm

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The crop factor is sometimes referred to as "magnification factor", "focal length factor" or "focal length multiplier". This usage reflects the observation that lenses of a given focal length seem to produce greater magnification on crop-factor cameras than they do on full-frame cameras.

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RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data

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File formats are standard ways to store data on a computer and define how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium

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Layer masking is a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them

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The term post-processing (or postproc for short) is used in the video/film business for quality-improvement image processing (specifically digital image processing) methods used in video playback devices, such as stand-alone DVD-Video players; video playing software; and transcoding software.

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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Metadata means "data about data". Metadata is defined as the data providing information about one or more aspects of the data

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DSLR is a term that's become synonymous with digital cameras, but a digital single-lens reflex camera.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake

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Fisheye lenses are a very specific form of wide-angle lens.

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lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.

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When shooting HD video, prime lenses are ideal to use. They give you the ability to achieve the same shallow depth-of-field at wide open apertures for your video footage as you already get with your still photography. This is something that is generally difficult to do using a traditional video camera.

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A macro lens is a camera lens designed to capture small subjects at close distances

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It is that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon

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The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers

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Red, blue, and yellow are three primary colors that create a triadic color scheme. Triadic colors create a vibrant color palette by separating each color, regardless of the specific hues. For example, the following are perfect triadic color combinations: Red, Yellow, and Blue. Green, Orange, Purple

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Double Exposure is a photographic technique that mainly involves combining two exposures to create a single image

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo

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SOOC is a photographer's abbreviation that stands for “Straight Out Of Camera.”

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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In digital photography, resolution is the level of detail contained in an image

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An aspect ratio is a proportional relationship between an image's width and height

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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image

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Many of the tools in Graphic have customizable settings that allow you to adjust their behavior

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A menu bar is a feature of most computer graphical user interfaces that implement windows

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Palettes [shown right] are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image

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In a macOS app, the toolbar resides in the frame at the top of a window, either below or integrated with the title bar

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Workspace Switcher also displays the application windows and dialogs that are open in your workspaces

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It'll help you to get accurate exposure and color in your photographs

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure

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In Manual mode, the exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal

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Bracketing is a technique that photographers use to capture the best possible photo

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something

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sepia toning is a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos

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Shadows are the dark areas where a light source is blocked by an object

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image

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Within The Realm Of Photography, Midtones Refer To The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows

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Evaluative metering is the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography

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Centre-weighted average metering concentrates the metering on the central part of the viewfinder but also takes the rest of the frame into consideration

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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in spot metering mode the camera takes a measurement from a single point or spot

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a tool onto which photographers could aim a spot meter and use the brightness as the exposure of the scene

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capture a series of photographs in quick succession.

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Panning is one way photographers can practice painting with light while produce results that resemble real paintings

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opens a camera's shutter and keeps it open as they draw in the air with a light source

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Time lapse is a technique where frames are shot much slower than a normal rate

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the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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Tri: A three-legged stand designed to support a camera

Mono: in situations where mobility is important, such as sports events or wildlife photography

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the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect

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allows the photographer to take a picture for as long as the shutter is depressed (that means pushed down, not sad…)

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture

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when a photographer manually designates a shutter speed for a given exposure, and the camera automatically chooses an appropriate aperture and ISO setting to go with that shutter speed.

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the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.

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gives you complete control over your camera's settings, including aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

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It gives your camera complete control over its various settings, including the ISO, the aperture, the shutter speed, the autofocus mode, and even the flash

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the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider