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(1956) Was a landmark Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama, unconstitutional. Following the arrest of several Black women, including Aurelia Browder, for refusing to give up their seats, a federal district court ruled that state and local segregation laws violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.

Jeremy, Amir

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The Shelley V Kraemer case was about covenants restricting certain races from living places. The covenant was enacted in 1911 and in 1945 the Shelley family moved in. Louis Kramer tried to prevent the Shelley family from moving in because of the covenant. The supreme court rules that you can have a covenant but it can not be upheld by the state because it is a violation of the 14th amendment.

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Lloyd Gaines was denied his education at the University of Missouri. The Supreme Court ruled 6-2 (1 judge not voting). They then paid for Lloyd Gaines to attend law school in a different state. This case made sure Black Students were given equal education and helped weaken the Segregation Laws.

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Richard and Mildred, were an interracial couple who were arresting in Virginia for getting married because the state banned interracial marriage. It violated many things their rights, equal protection, due process.

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Following the arrest of Rosa Parks four African American women decided to challenge Alabama's state bus segregation law. They argued that segregation on public buses went against the 14th amendment protections.

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Ignacio, Cris, John

In this case the Supreme court ruled that discrimination in private businesses that are open to the public is against the law.

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The Supreme Court said that people accused of serious crimes must have a lawyer. This case involved the Scottsboro Boys, who were rushed to trial without proper legal help. Their convictions were overturned.