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A man was charged with bigamy after trying to marry a woman whilst still being married to another. He argued that it was apart of his religion to marry multiple women, and that he was deprived of his 1st amendment to exercise free religion. The court decided that although Congress couldn't outlaw a belief in polygamy, they could outlaw the practice of it. Connects to the 1st amendment and liberty. This case ended up testing the limits of the 1st amendment's promise to religious liberty because the court had to decide if this man's religious beliefs would be enough to change their opinion of bigamy and polygamy in the USA. (Jan 6, 1879)

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Japanese man resisted instead of relocating to a japanese camp after the bombing of pearl harbor. He took the executive order 9066 to court saying it violated his rights. The court said that Korematsu's conviction and that he had violated the order to relocate to camps. Connected to the 5th amendment and equality because he shouldn't have had to go to the camp after "self incriminating" himself because of something he didn't do especially as an american citizen and equality because he shouldn't have had to go through this because of his race and because of what fellow americans thought about it. (December 18, 1944)

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Police searched Mapp's home without warrant. Discovered bad pictures. Mapp was arrested and convicted. Argued her 4th amendment was violated because they didn't have a warrant. The supreme court ruled in favor of mapp. Police had seized unlawfully w/o warrant, couldn't be used in court. Connected to 4th amendment, rights. Because her rights were violated and what happened to her was against the law then and now. (1961)

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Miranda was arrested and questioned by the police in connection with kidnapping and rape. Police received a written confession from Miranda. However the police never informed Miranda of his right to an attorney to help him. Did the 5th amendment's protection against self incrimination extend to the police interrogation of a suspect in this case? The court sided that the defendant's interrogation violated the 5th amendment. Miranda unknowingly admitted without knowledge of the amendment. Connects to the 5th amendment and rights. Rights because Miranda's rights were violated when he had the right to something that applies to all people.

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Duncan, a black teenager in Louisiana was found guilty of assaulting a white boy when he slapped his elbow. He sentenced to time in jail and fined and was denied his right to a formal jury. Court sided that states should allow/provide juries for persons found guilty. Connected to the 7th amendment and equality. Duncan was deprived of the right to a jury, even when he asked. Everyone should have the right to a jury. (1968)

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Students held meeting to support a truce in the Vietnam War. Wore black armbands. School banned armbands for this reason and student who disobeyed this rule were suspended. Students sued school but lost the case. Court decided that the students didn't lose their 1st amendment right because they were proven to have "materially and substantially interfered". Connected to liberty. Liberty because they should have had the liberty to peacefully protest like this.(February 24th. 1969)

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Furman committed burglary in a home while the resident was sleeping, and Furman accidently killed him. Furman was tried for murder and found guilty, sentenced to death, punishment wasn't performed however. Did this violate cruel and unusual punishment laws of the 8th and 14th amendment because of his crime? The court sided to give him the death penalty for his crimes. Connected to the 8th amendment and democracy. 8th amendment because the court was debating whether or not the punishment matched his crimes for what he did and democracy because they are debating whether or not they take his life because he took another's life or not. Democracy. (June 29, 1972)

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Gregg was found guilty of robbery and murder, sentenced to death. Gregg challenged remaining death sentence for murder, calling on the 8th and 14th amendment. The court ended up deciding that Gregg deserved the death penalty because of his crimes. Connected to the 8th amendment and democracy. Connected to 8th amendment because they were deciding whether the death penalty was the a cruel and unusual punishment for Gregg and democracy because it was the tradeoff of kind of this for that. (July 2, 1976)

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Teacher, Barnes, hit Andrews, a student, for being "late, and also hit Ingraham for being disruptive. Ingraham was badly hurt and the students filed complaints of corporal punishment. Court sided that corporal punishment in public school systems wasn't protected by the 8th amendment. The 8th amendment was reserved for criminal punishments, not school kids. Connected to 8th amendment and rights/equality because the court was deciding if students being hit by teachers in school was protected by the 8th amendment and because the student thought they had the right to stand up to the teachers and to be treated fair under the law. (April 19, 1977)

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Student was found smoking in school restroom. Administrator searched her purse and found cigarettes, drugs, and money. TLO took the case to court saying that schools should have the same protection against "unreasonable search and seizure". Court said that TLO's purse search didn't violate the 4th amendment. Although now schools must need a probable cause to search the student in order to keep the school safe. This connects to the 4th amendment and rights. TLO thought her rights were being violated by the school, when she was really violating the schools rights and the school had the right to protect itself. (Jan 15, 1985)

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Fraser made inappropriate speech including sexual references and bad language in front of lots of students. He was told he had violated the school policy and was suspended and his name was removed from speaking lists. School didn't violate Fraser's rights. Schools must teach by example, and mature consequences will be enforced if students violate policy. Connected to 1st amendment, and democracy. Democracy because Fraser had made these decisions in a school and the school was allowed to punish him with these consequences because of it. (1986)

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School-sponsored newspaper written and edited by students. May 1983, two of the articles were found inappropriate and withheld from publications. Did the principal deletion of the articles violate the students rights under the 1st amendment? Court sided that school administrators could exercise restraint on school-sponsored expression. Connected to the 1st amendment and liberty. The students thought they had the liberty to talk freely about inappropriate topics in the school newspaper, when they had not liberty to do so. (1988)

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Johnson burnt an American flag in front of the Dallas City Hall as a form of protest towards political beliefs. He was convicted of flag desecration. Is desecration of a flag a form of freedom of speech protected under the 1st amendment? Court decided that Johnson's decision to burn the flag was protected under the amendment and expression. Connected to the 1st amendment and liberty. Johnson has the the liberty to express his feelings and they were protected under the 1st amendment. (1989)

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High school athlete (Acton) participated in drugs and the school adopted a drug test policy and Acton wasn't allowed to play football when both him and his parents refused to do a drug test by the school. Did this violate unreasonable search and seizure law in school? The school didn't violate the 4th amendment when they did random drug testing in athletics to control substance use. Connected to the 4th amendment and opportunity. Students should not have the opportunity to participate in school sports if they are associated with drugs or have refused to do a drug test in protection of the school. (1995)

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Student sued school after posting "F-school F-cheer F-everything" after she failed to make cheer team. She was suspended from 1 year of the the JV cheer team. School lost case because suspending student for posting that comment violated her 1st amendment because she was "allowed" to post that and suspending her was too much. Connected to the 1st amendment, and opportunity. Just because of this post wasn't enough to banish her from the team for 1 whole year, taking away many opportunities. (June 2021)