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1619, first slave brought over from Africa

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1619, first slave brought over from Africa

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Cheap labor was desperately needed in the North American colonies, and so settlers turned from indentured servants to enslaved Africans brought over seas. The first Slave was brought to the colonies in 1619, and slavery exploded soon after.

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Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which made it a federal crime to assist an enslaved person trying to escape.

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Congress banned the continued arrival of black slaves from Africa

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The Missouri Compromise sectioned off states as free states or states that allowed slavery.

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The owner of enslaved man Dred Scott had taken him from Missouri to Illinois, where slavery was outlawed. Upon return to Missouri, He sued for his freedom “on the basis that touching free soil made him legally free”. His claim was denied by the supreme court on the grounds that the congress could not deny a man his rightful property.

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Abraham Lincoln declared that every black slave “shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

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14th amendment granted black people the same protections under the constitution as white people.

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“a citizen's right to vote will not be denied on grounds of race, color or previous servitude:

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Many Jim crow laws were passed in several white supremacist states, separating black people from white people. The “separate but equal” doctrine was established by the court.

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During world war two, some 3 million African American men volunteered to fight for “the four freedoms”; freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear, despite lacking these freedoms at home. Black and white soldiers were often put in different companies and frustrated African Americans needed to fight racism even while helping further America's goals in combat.

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President Harry S. Truman mandated that “there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.”

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1945 - The first black baseball player, Jackie Robinson, Joined the Brooklyn Dodgers, something that angered many other teams.

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In Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that segregated public schools violated the 14th Amendment’s mandate of equal protection.

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African American woman Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus. She was arrested and her arrest sparked a boycott of the local bus system. While the bus company was struggling to stay afloat, the Supreme Court declared the bus company’s segregationist seating policy unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

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After nearly a decade of suffering, demonstrations, and violence, Dr Martin Luther King Jr. gave his great speech, “I Have a Dream”.

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In July the Civil rights act was passed. The Civil Rights Act gave the government more power to protect its citizens against discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex or national origin. It desegregated almost every public accommodation, including busses, shops, swimming pools, and even lunch tables. It removed the biases on voting, granting equal voting rights. It was signed into law by Lyndon Johnson with 75 pens.

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“Affirmative action” was used as essentially reverse discrimination. Starting in the 1960’s JFK used it as an executive order to begin hiring more African Americans. It was used more by others such as institutions and companies until it was believe that the black population did not need more help overcoming their disadvantages in society.

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George W. Bush appointed Colin Powell as secretary of state, the first African American to serve as America’s top diplomat.

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Barack Obama becomes the first Black President. His presence in the candidates spark widespread support among the populace.

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The black lives matters movement starts after a unarmed black 17 year old was shot to death by a police officer. The movement gained momentum after 46-year-old George Floyd died after being handcuffed and pinned to the ground by police officer Derek Chauvin. The movements goal was “eradicate white supremacy and build local power to intervene in violence inflicted on Black communities by the state and vigilantes.”

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As it stands, most if not all of the legal prejudices against black people are gone, but the personal prejudices are not. Everywhere, people of color are still being mistreated. Fortunately, I believe that these prejudices are slowly fading away. There is not much we can do to hurry the process, only fix the problems that arise for thoses who still hold the color of their skin against African Americans.