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Metre: When you read a line of poetry you will almost certainly place more accent or stress on some syllables than on others.

Verse form: Verse is language that has been turned over or around and can also be used to mean a group of lines.

Rhyme: For many people, rhyme is the most fundamental feature of poetry. As it
happens, poems do not always rhyme.

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Irony: If anyone is famous for being ironic in English-language literature, it has to be
Jane Austen (1775–1817).

Metaphor: The relation between literature and telling the truth has been debated for millennia.

Personification and allegory: The way in which a character develops and obtains symbolic meaning in literature.

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It is a narrative that is imagined by the writer, not reported as fact.
Prose meaning oral or written, not subject to the rules of verse. Prose fiction is any creative, imaginary writing that is written in sentences and paragraphs

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Drama and the dramatic
The ‘dramatic’ can be an element in almost all kinds of literature,
including prose fiction and poetry.

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Dialogue, diegesis and description
Most novels contain plenty of dialogue, but only rarely does dialogue make up the whole of a novel (if it did, we would be looking at a novel that was also a type of closet drama).

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Metatheatre
Just like writing a novel, putting together a play or film is a funny thing to do,
not least because it involves fiction, as well as (more obviously than a novel)
illusion and disguise.

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Real people and the uncanny
There has been a good deal already in this book about the structural interactions between different persons involved in a literary experience or event: characters, narrators, authors and readers.
Performance and gender
The question of the witches’ gender is particularly pertinent here, and takes us
back to the historical reality of the theatre.
Narration and point of view
Different characters use these images in ways that
reinforce one another, even though they have obviously not had the opportunity to confer and plan what they will say.
Reading and seeing
A sustained analysis of a film is often referred to as a ‘reading’. For that matter,
we can talk about ‘reading’ a painting or a building or – even more commonly – a situation or a real person’s character. When we read a written text we are usually ‘reading’ both in a literal sense, and in the metaphorical one suggested by these other applications.
Cinema and transcendence
A basic course in either theatre or film studies would include many topics that
this chapter has not touched upon, and many terms that I have not used.