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Activist’s Name: Oodgeroo Noonuccal (Kath Walker)

Birth/Death Years: 1920 - 1993

State/s where activism took place: Brisbane

Events, campaigns, protests involved in: referendum for indigenous rights

Other relevant information: she is an Australian indigenous women who was born in 3 November 1920 and died in 16 September 1993.

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Birth/Death Years: 1918-2015

State/s where activism took place: New South Wales

Events, campaigns, protests involved in: Faith was involved in the campaign for the 1967 referendum which aimed to give the federal government power to make laws for Aboriginal Australians and to recognise them as citizens. She was also a founding member of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in 1972.

Other relevant information: Faith was the daughter of an Aboriginal mother and a South Sea Islander father.

Relevant URLs links about the activist:https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/feb/02/faith-bandler-aboriginal-activist-and-architect-of-the-67-referendum-dies-aged-96
https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/indigenous-rights/people/faith-bandler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Bandler

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Activist’s Name: Vincent Lingiari

Birth/Death Years: He was born the 13th of June in 1908 and died the 21st of January in 1988

State/s where activism took place: Vincent Lingiari's activism took place in the Northern Territory

Events, campaigns, protests involved in: On the 23rd of August in 1966, Vincent Lingiari led 200 First Nations stockmen and their families to walk off Wave Hill Cattle Station in the Northern Territory protesting against the pay and work conditions. He fought for aboriginal rights as he and other aboriginals were 'treated like dogs'.

Other relevant information:
He was born into being a stockman as his parents were stockmen
He is remembered significantly for his action in fighting for aboriginal rights, this is seen through; The Lingiari Foundation formed in 2001 to promote reconciliation and Indigenous rights, the Vincent Lingiari memorial and the songs From Little Things Big Things Grow, by Paul Kelly and Kev Carmody, and Old Vincent, by Ted Egan, in honour his memory.

Relevant URLs links about the activist:
https://ia.anu.edu.au/biography/lingiari-vincent-14178
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Vincent-Lingiari/628842
https://www.whitlam.org/explainers/2021/11/22/who-is-vincent-lingiari

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Activist’s Name: Charles Frederick (Fred) Maynard

Birth/Death Years: Born 4 July 1879 Hinton, NSW. Died 9 September 1946 Rydalmere, NSW

State/s where activism took place: New South Wales

Events, campaigns, protests involved in: In 1925 Maynard launched the Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association (AAPA), which protested against the revoking of Aboriginal farming reserves and the removal of Aboriginal children from their home and using them for menial labour. It also advocated for free public school for Indigenous children, and that any administrative body that affected Aboriginal lives should be controlled by them. They held conferences and protests which gathered hundreds of Aboriginal delegates which formed a strong voice and lasting legacy.

Relevant URLs links about the activist:

https://www.uts.edu.au/research-and-teaching/our-research/jumbunna-institute-indigenous-education-and-research/our-research/cultural-resilience/fred-maynard-aboriginal-patriot

https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maynard-charles-frederick-fred-11095

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Maynard

https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/catalogue_resources/18787.pdf

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Activist’s Name: William Harris

Birth/Death Years: 1867-1931

State/s where activism took place: western Australia

Events, campaigns, protests involved in:

1881: started and created a petition for aboriginal land rights

1887: Created a petition for aboriginal land rights

1934: Wrote a letter to King George V- ‘Letter from an educated black’, ‘ to prevent he extinction of the Aboriginal of the Aboriginal race.

1934: established the Australian Aborigines league (in Melbourne)

1934: Led the first aborigional deputation to a commonwealth minister

1938: Led the first aborigional deputation to a commonwealth minister.

1938: Organised the day of mourning for Aborigional people

Other relevant information:

called "the most significant voice of a generation with the education and social standing to assert their rights as British subjects”

vocally protested the injustices of the Aborigines Act (1905), which effectively abolished the prior legal status and citizen rights of all persons of indigenous descent; and he was willing to criticize senior officials who were complacent or uninterested in the mistreatment of Aboriginal people. Although entitled to a personal exemption from the Aborigines Act, he declined this on the grounds that it reinforced the exclusion of others.

Relevant URLs links about the activist:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harris_(civil_rights_leader)

https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/docs/default-source/aboriginal-history/right-wrongs-toolkit-part-4-aboriginal-heros.pdf?sfvrsn=95290ac4_2

https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Torrey-Harris
https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/harris-william-6582

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Activist’s Name: Dexter Daniels

Birth/Death Years: 1938-1999

State/s where activism took place:
New South Wales

Main Achievement/s:

Lacking support from the NAWU for a general strike, he travelled to Newcastle Waters station in April 1966, where he triggered a wage dispute and local strike.

Other Information:

·  In 1968 he was elected the first Aboriginal executive member of the Darwin branch of the Australian Labor Party.

. Later that year he travelled to Bulgaria for the ninth World Youth Festival to publicise the struggle of Aboriginal people on an international stage.

Relevant URLs to information:

https://ia.anu.edu.au/biography/nubulunadaniels-dexter-30057#:~:text=Lacking%20support%20from%20the%20NAWU,wage%20dispute%20and%20local%20strike.

https://labourhistorycanberra.org/2015/02/2011-asslh-conference-thats-not-right-indigenous-politics-dexter-daniels-and-1968/

https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/indigenous-rights/people/dexter-daniels

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Anthony Martin Fernando (1864-1949)
Aboriginal activist and toymaker
born on 6 April 1864 at Woolloomooloo, Sydney
He died on 9 January 1949 at Ilford, Essex.
son of an Aboriginal woman
his parents were Sarah and Mariano Silva
his father was South Asian
In the late 1920s, a lone Australian Aboriginal man stood outside Australia House in London. Cloaked in tiny skeletons, Anthony Martin Fernando condemned the failure of British rule in his country.
His life is somewhat of an enigma. It’s only since the publication of Fiona Paisley’s book, The Lone Protestor: A M Fernando in Australia and Europe that details of his life become clearer.

https://ia.anu.edu.au/biography/fernando-anthony-martin-12918
https://aiatsis.gov.au/collection/featured-collections/am-fernando-notebooks
https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/1400

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Activist’s Name: Evelyn Scott

Birth/Death Years:
- Birth – 1935, Ingram.
- Death – 21 September 2017, North Queensland

Events, campaigns, protests involved in: She wanted to save the great barrier reef, also fort for women’s rights

Other relevant information:
She was involved in the first national women’s organisation and was a member of the marine park authority board.

Relevant URLs links about the activist:

https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/indigenous-rights/people/evelyn-scott

https://www.evelynscottschool.act.edu.au/our_school/about_dr_evelyn_scott_ao_1935_-_2017

https://www.rahs.org.au/evelyn-scott-1935-2017/

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Activist’s Name: Gary foley
Birth/Death Years: 11 may 1950
State/s where activism took place: Canberra
Events, campaigns, protests involved in: tent embassy and starting the aboriginal legal service

Other relevant information: he was an academic writer and actor

Relevant URLs links about the activist:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Foley

https://www.vu.edu.au/contact-us/gary-edward-foley

https://arts.unimelb.edu.au/engage/alumni-and-friends/notable-arts-alumni/professor-gary-foley2

http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/whoisgf/who_is_he.html

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Activist’s Name: Gambanyi (Pearl Gibbs)

Birth/Death Years: 18 July 1901 – 28 April 1983

State/s where activism took place: NSW

Events, campaigns, protests involved in: 1938 Day of Mourning

Other relevant information: Most prominent female indigenous activist in the early 20 th century, she supported unemployed indigenous workers, she was one of the first members of the APA, in 1941 Gibbs gave the first radio broadcast by an Aboriginal women

Relevant URLs links about the activist: https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gibbs-pearl-mary-gambanyi-12533, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Gibbs, https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Pearl-Gibbs/628793

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Activist’s Name: Eddie Koiki Mabo

Birth/Death Years:
29 June 1936
21 January 1992

State/s where activism took place: Townsville Queensland

Events, campaigns, and protests involved in: The leader of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland also served on the board as President of the Council for the Rights of Indigenous People.

Other relevant information: It was on 3 June 1992 that the Australian High Court overturned more than 200 years of white domination of land ownership

Relevant URLs links about the activist:

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-18291022

https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/eddie-koiki-mabo#:~:text=Koiki%20quickly%20involved%20himself%20in,the%20Rights%20of%20Indigenous%20People.

https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/mabo-case#:~:text=Legal%20proceedings%20for%20the%20case,%2C%20claiming%20'native%20title'%20to

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Activist’s Name: William Cooper

Birth/Death Years: 1861-1941

State/s where activism took place: Victoria and New South Wales

Main Achievement/s:

·      He was a led organiser for the 1938 Day of Mourning

·      He was Secretary of the Australian Aborigines’ League

·      He organised a petition on Aboriginal Rights to King George VI in 1938 protesting the treatment of Aboriginal Australians

Other Information:

·      He lived most of his life in rural Victoria where he had a family.

·      He was comparatively well educated for an Aboriginal Australian for the time as he attended adult literacy classes.

Relevant URLs to information:

- https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cooper-william-5773
- https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/william-cooper-protests
- https://www.firstpeoplesrelations.vic.gov.au/william-cooper