# data[].attributes.body
Ubiquitous training :  the value of big data generated

Integration issues :
Identify and decipher the interrelationships  of big data
Eg : collusion/ fraud patterns

Regulatory compliance :

Managing analytic Decisions : drawing out decision-ready inferences from big data analytics and enhancing the firm's decision making
With decisions being automated, machine and modeling business decisions is an emerging challenge

Return on investment and trust :  an analytical model should add economic value by either generating profits or cutting costs or both

# data[].attributes.body
Big Data, Big Problems: Emerging Issues in the Ethics of Data Science and Journalism by
Joshua Fairfield & Hannah Shtein:

Data collection: consent from individuals, accuracy, reliability

Privacy: re-identification, profiling, surveillance.

Bias: bias in data collection, analysis and reporting calls for accountability

Transperency: data sources, methods and making data available

# data[].attributes.body
Electronic health records (EHRs) are digital versions of patients’ medical records, including their medical history, diagnoses, treatments, and prescriptions. EHRs have revolutionized the way healthcare providers collect, store, and share patient information. However, the increasing use of EHRs has generated large amounts of data that require sophisticated analysis techniques to extract meaningful insights.

The complexity, heterogeneity, fastgrowth, and size, health-care data can be categorized as a big data problem,
requiring special tools to analyze it in order to deal efficiently with the 5Vs:

volume: One of the biggest challenges of EHR analysis is the sheer volume of data. EHRs generate a vast amount of data that includes structured data (e.g., demographic information, vital signs, lab results) and unstructured data (e.g., clinical notes, imaging reports). The large volume of data can make it difficult to process and analyze the information efficiently, and this can slow down the analysis process and lead to delays in patient care.

variety: Another big data issue in EHR analysis is the variety of data. EHRs contain data in different formats and from different sources, including physicians’ notes, lab results, and imaging reports. This variety can create challenges in terms of data integration and analysis, as the data may need to be standardized and harmonized before it can be used for analysis.

Velocity: The continuous flow of new information and updates in electronic health records (EHR) requires smart analytic tools that can handle data in motion without the need to rebuild models from scratch. The ability to improve models incrementally as new data comes in is crucial for efficient analysis of the data stream, making it a critical topic for data scientists.

veracity:The truthfulness in terms of quality and accuracy. Data quality in EHR is a crucial issue.Unfortunately most of the data is biased and noisy.

Value:Ability to turn data into useful insights. Analytical tool deployment leads to improvement in healthcare but not in the general wellbeing improvement of the patients.

Data quality is another big data issue in EHR analysis. EHRs contain data that is entered by various healthcare providers, and this data can be incomplete, inaccurate, or inconsistent. Data cleaning and quality control are crucial steps in EHR analysis to ensure that the data used for analysis is accurate and reliable.

Data privacy and security are also significant big data issues in EHR analysis. EHRs contain sensitive patient information, and there is a risk of data breaches or unauthorized access to patient information. Therefore, it is essential to have robust data security measures in place to protect patient privacy.

In summary, the analysis of EHR data poses several big data challenges that require careful consideration and attention. These challenges include data volume, variety, quality, privacy, and security. Effective EHR analysis requires advanced analytical tools, data management processes, and security measures to ensure that patient data is used appropriately and ethically.

# data[].attributes.body
Opportunities and challenges of usingBD :(Agriculcture and farming activities )
- Bez of BD , masive developmental benifits as agri sector employs over 60% of the active labor force in SSA economies.
- Accoding to UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2009Over 900 million people in world
-  undernourished65 countries faced ‘‘serious’’or ‘‘alarming’’ danger of food shortages Studies suggested - ineffective farm operations : late planting/weeding.Lack of proper land preparation harvesting techniques.

- There are few issues like -
1) Data privacy and security
2) quality data
3)  integrated information
4) owner ship and accessing data from agriculture sector
5)Infrastructure

- Mostly - Areas = <technology
population = planning of food

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Activity-2 C2 Hidden Big Data analytics in Health Care Industry

# data[].attributes.subject
Activity-2 C2 Hidden Big Data analytics in Health Care Industry

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#There are many positive benefits for healthcare practitioners and researchers. Detailed big data on people can be used by policymakers to reduce crime or terrorism, improve health delivery, and better manage cities.
#The benefits of big data analysis for improving healthcare medical research are well known.
These benefits include facilitating evidence-based medical research to detect diseases at the earlierstages, minimizing drug surpluses and inventory shortfalls in pharmaceutical, and better tracking of viruses through location-enriched social media big data.
Issues:
wireless healthcare technology into the big data analytics

micro-technology implants and devices can generate huge volumes of high velocity and a wide variety of valuable “personal data.” Personal data generated by healthcare devices and implants may contain date of birth, social security number or other healthcare patient identification, gender, address with geo-location coordinates, along with the high-volume high-velocity
probe readings such as blood pressure and counts. Storage issue.
Unfortunately, the nature of wireless transmissions is that even encrypted data could be easily intercepted and decoded with currently available
software.

# data[].attributes.headline
Activity 2: Big Data security issues as it relates with Veracity, Volatility and Vulnerability  in the 11Vs

# data[].attributes.subject
Activity 2: Big Data security issues as it relates with Veracity, Volatility and Vulnerability  in the 11Vs

# data[].attributes.body
1. Veracity- the credibility or accuracy of the data is impacted in the flow of data from different sources. Data could be duplicated at collection point, error in the details collected.These business risks connected with decision-making might be minimized by increasing the authenticity of data analytics. This has an influence on privacy and security regulations in terms of ensuring high-quality data through the adoption of suitable data stewardship and periodical access review mechanisms.
2. Volatility-Volatility is a characteristic connected to temporal features of the data that affects how long the data is accurate for that to be stored. This dimension guarantees that the datasets used in the real-time analysis are up to date. Because of the constraints of cloud storage and the costs involved with preserving massive data, strong backup and archive rules are essential to establish how long the data should be kept valid. Historical and unnecessary data should be preserved regularly to improve the efficiency of big data and analytics.
The privacy and security rules and processes for data retention, deletion, and periodical reassessment of security measures are impacted by the volatility of big data.
3. Vulnerability-which refers to the security, protection, and technical hazards associated with diverse rich individualized data obtained through services employing Internet apps, social media networks, and IoT devices. Big data technology, procedures, and leadership are vulnerable owing to privacy and security breaches, as well as a lack of standard.
Vulnerability assessments and penetration testing will be created regularly to account for the particular characteristics of big data.

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Accoding to Data Protection Act 2018 is the UK's implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

- Article 8 protects your right to respect for private and family life, your home and correspondence.

28 ways companies and governments can collect your personal data and invade your privacy every day

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, there is a right to data privacy in the UK, which is protected under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018. These laws give individuals control over their personal data and require organizations to handle personal data responsibly and lawfully.

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Yes, you can sue someone for recording you without your permission in the UK. It is considered a gross infringement on your privacy, and you can initiate a lawsuit against them

However, according to the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA), recording conversations without consent in the UK is legal provided the recording is done in public places or where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy

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1. The ASEAN region is diverse and complex, with varying levels of technological development and data protection laws.

2. Big data has the potential to transform many industries in the ASEAN region, including healthcare, agriculture, and finance.

3. However, there are several challenges associated with big data, including data privacy, security, and quality.

4. There are also concerns about the ethical use of big data, including issues related to bias and discrimination.

5. To fully realize the potential of big data in the ASEAN region, there is a need for more investment in infrastructure and technology, as well as the development of policies and regulations to address data privacy and security concerns.

6. Collaboration between governments, industry, and academia is crucial to promoting the responsible and ethical use of big data in the ASEAN region.

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question 2: law against invading privacy.

# data[].attributes.subject
question 2: law against invading privacy.

# data[].attributes.body
data protection act 2018
data retention
freedom of speech
digital copy rights
future trends against terrorism

# data[].attributes.body
Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights - This article provides for the right to respect private and family life, home, and correspondence. It is incorporated into UK law through the Human Rights Act 1998.
In the UK, the punishment for violating the right to privacy can vary depending on the severity of the violation and the specific circumstances of the case.
For example, if an individual is found guilty of unlawfully obtaining or disclosing personal data, they may face a fine or a prison sentence of up to two years under the Data Protection Act 2018. This applies to situations where an individual accesses or discloses personal data without permission or for unlawful purposes.
The Data Protection Act 2018 - This law regulates the processing of personal data by organizations and provides individuals with rights in relation to their personal data.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - This is an EU regulation that applies to all organizations that process personal data of EU citizens, including those based in the UK. It gives individuals more control over their personal data and imposes strict requirements on organizations that process personal data.
In summary, the right to privacy is a crucial component of human dignity and personal freedom. It is essential for individuals to have control over their personal information, which includes the right to keep it private from others. Privacy laws and regulations are necessary to protect individuals' rights and ensure that personal information is used ethically and responsibly.

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The use of covert recording devices in the UK is regulated by the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA), which makes it illegal to intercept private communications without the consent of all parties involved. The Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) also contain provisions that govern the collection, storage, and use of personal data, including audio recordings.
Article 9(2)(a) permits you to process special category if: “the data subject has given explicit consent to the processing of those personal data for one or more specified purposes”. 'Explicit consent' is not defined in the UK GDPR, but must meet the usual UK GDPR standard for consent.

# data[].attributes.body
The Human Rights Act of 1998, the General Data Protection Regulation, and the Data Protection Act of 2018 are among the legislation in the UK that safeguard people's right to privacy. These laws provide people the right to be in charge of and have their personal information processed in a fair and legal manner. The Data Protection Act of 2018 outlines specific offences for the unauthorised acquisition, use, or sale of personal data, while other statutes, such as the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act of 2000, govern how governmental agencies may utilise covert surveillance. These regulations are intended to safeguard people's privacy and make sure that their personal information is handled ethically and lawfully.

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question 3: sue against recording without permission

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question 3: sue against recording without permission

# data[].attributes.body
regulation of investigatory powers act 2000
-its not illegal (audio)
-videos : its both legal and illegal depending on the situation

# data[].attributes.body
article 8: human rights Act 1998
- everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his corespondence.

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- In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was implemented in 2018 to protect the privacy of individuals within the European Union.
- The GDPR regulates the collection, use, and processing of personal data, and imposes significant fines on organizations that violate its provisions.

- There are also instances where governments may invade privacy for reasons of national security or law enforcement.
- These cases are often subject to debate and scrutiny, as they involve a balancing of individual privacy rights and public safety concerns.

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Yes, there are laws against invading privacy. Invasion of privacy is a tort based on common law that allows an aggrieved party to bring a lawsuit against an individual who unlawfully intrudes into their private affairs, discloses their private information, publicizes them in a false light, or appropriates their name for personal gain.
-There are four main types of invasion of privacy: intrusion into seclusion, misappropriation of name and likeness, public disclosure of private facts, and false light.
-Intrusion upon seclusion laws protect the right to privacy while in solitude or seclusion

-- PECR: Privacy & Electronic Communications Regulations
--Human Rights Act 1998

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- It is fundamental human right recognized in the UN Declaration.
- DEFINING PRIVACY :
Definitions of privacy vary widely according to context and environment.
- In many countries, the concept has been fused with Data Protection, which interprets privacy in terms of management of personal information.
- Outside this rather strict context, privacy protection is frequently seen as a way of drawing the line at how far society can intrude into a person's affairs.

Information Privacy, which involves the establishment of rules governing the collection and handling of personal data such as credit information and medical records;

Bodily privacy, which concerns the protection of people's physical selves against invasive procedures such as drug testing and cavity searches;

Privacy of communications, which covers the security and privacy of mail, telephones, email and other forms of communication; and

Territorial privacy, which concerns the setting of limits on intrusion into the domestic and other environments such as the workplace or public space