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Democritus first said that everything in the world is made up of tiny particles surrounded by empty space. Democritus also speculated that the particles vary in shapes and sizes depending on the substance and he called these particles Atomos (which is now known as atoms)

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John Dalton combined the theories from Aristotle and from his own. He showed that common substances always broke down into the same element in the same proportions. John Dalton then concluded that various compounds were combinations of atoms of different elements which each having a particular size and mass

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J.J Thompson discovered the electron, he showed atoms as packed spheres of positive matter filled with negatively charged electrons. He stated that if an atom had more positive mass then the atom would be positively charged and if an atom had more negative mass then it would be negatively charged.

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Ernest Rutherford concluded that atoms consisted largely of empty space with just a few electrons and most of the mass was in the center which is the nucleus. The alpha particles passed through the gaps but then bounced back from the density of the positively charged nucleus. He also stated that the electrons surround the nucleus in an electron orbit.

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Niels Bohr stated that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy and distances and is able to jump from one level to another but isn't able to exist in the space between.

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Werner Heisenberg stated that it was impossible to determine the exact position and speed of electrons as they go around an atom.