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- His naivety has made him a victim of propaganda and soon dies at the end of the play.

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- Resorts to drinking alcohol and feigning contentment but is actually distraught over the deaths of his comrades (Osbourne & Raleigh)

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- He is shown to value his friendship with Stanhope.
- Is a loving husband as he leaves a watch, a letter, and a wedding ring to his wife.
- Osbourne dies during an enemy raid.

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- Stanhope's camaraderie with both Osbourne and Raleigh is explicitly illustrated after their deaths.

Quotes:

"The one man I could trust — my best
friend — the one man I could talk to as man to
man — who understood everything — and you
think I don’t care" - Stanhope on Osbourne's death

"Is that better, Jimmy?" - Stanhope when Raleigh was dying

This simple sentence shows a certain amount of care and intimacy that are shared between two comrades.

This is connotative of Stanhope's need to make Raleigh feel better

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- This character's death is a symbol of the result of propaganda as he is tricked into the idealism of war.

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- Is the 'villain' in Journey's end
- Is the root of all trauma, anguish, and pain that the soldiers are forced to go through

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- Symbolises the soldiers' coping mechanism
- The soldiers make use of these beverages to escape the cruel reality they live in
- Connotative of grief and trauma that the soldiers have to go through

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- Can be connotative of life as it goes out when Raleigh passes away
- Can refer to the notion of hope as it goes out when Stanhope realises that Raleigh has passed away

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- relates to the concepts of death, trauma & pain

Quotes:

[his voice is nearly breaking] - Raleigh on Osbourne's death

The auditory imagery is utilised to showcase the tone of guilt and defeat.

"The one man I could trust — my best
friend — the one man I could talk to as man to
man — who understood everything — and you
think I don’t care" - Stanhope on Osbourne's death

The use of constant dash lines connotates a struggle in speech, mirroring the pain and anguish Stanhope harbours.

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They start a raid and capture a German soldier. In the process, Osbourne dies.

After the raid, they get together to celebrate the success of the capture

Raleigh feels guilty and was blaming himself. He is in disbelief with everyone’s nonchalance and an argument between Raleigh and Stanhope breaks out

Raleigh couldn’t eat due to Osbourne’s death.

Raleigh was insinuating that Stanhope didn’t care for Osbourne’s death

Stanhope lashes out at Raleigh and finally reveals to him that he resorted to alcoholism to cope with reality.

The German attacks them.

Raleigh is wounded and placed on Osbourne’s bed

Stanhope goes to get a candle and blanket for him but finds him dead upon his return

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After witnessing the true nature of war, Raleigh realizes that his naive views on war are flawed and unrealistic.

'‘He came into that dug-out and never said a word — didn’t seem to know where he was.’ - Trotter on Raleigh

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Stanhope has witnessed the death of many of his close comrades including Osbourne and Raleigh. Connects to loss and death.

'You see, he’s been out here a long time. It — it tells on a man — rather badly' - Osbourne on Stanhope

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Stanhope uses alcohol in order to deal with the trauma the war has left him with.

“This neuralgia of mine… I’m afraid I can’t stick it any longer” - Hibbert’s pretence to having acquired an illness to escape the horrid nature of the trenches is exhibited. Thus, symbolising the suffering and trauma the soldiers have to go through.

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Raleigh is a result of propaganda as he enters the war with innocence and naivety, believing in fighting for honour.

'Yes. Keen to get out here. I was frightfully keen to get into Dennis’s regiment.' - Raleigh

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- Is a motif throughout the play which shows the detrimental effect of war on soldiers.
- Soldiers resort to this in order to escape reality.

Quotes:
“To forget, you little fool – to forget!"
- The author presents the quote with an angry and sorrowful tone that exemplifies Stanhope’s emotions.
- There is a successive repetition of “to forget” which implicates Stanhope’s need to escape his reality, emotionally striking the audience of Stanhope’s pain