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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

Slaves treated and examined like horses or livestock

Presented as well as possible by the slave pen keeper upon threat of severe punishment

Scars considered a sign that a slave was unruly or rebellious

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Once again, this document can be used to illustrate the abuse that slaves were subject to, thus furthering my argument that Black people, both free and enslaved, faced the most hardship in America and are the best example of how the United States has failed to live up to its ideologies.

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

White, enslaver, men would often father many children with their slaves

Lots of the wives either turned a blind eye or tried to sell the kids

Some wives would convince their husbands to free the slaves that they fathered

Enslaved women didn’t really have a choice in the matter

Author was the product of one of these forced relationships?

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Yet another firsthand account of the atrocities that enslaved Blacks faced in America. This document adds another layer to the narrative of abuse and cruelty that I seek to tell, putting rape on the list of southern enslavers’ crimes should not come as a surprise but is still a necessary part of the narrative to tell.

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

Emphasizes the contributions of Black Philadelphians to the city

Reminds the reader that free Blacks are citizens under the articles of confederation and no change to that was made after the adoption of the constitution

Calls out how racist this is

“… we are told that our white fellow citizens cannot submit to an intermixture of the races!…”

Ends with a warning not to turn friends into enemies

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How can this document be used to respond to the prompts?  What analysis can you provide?  How may this document provide evidence to support an argument in your paper?

This document further establishes the maltreatment of Black Americans, even in the North, which can be used to construct the narrative of oppression and racism that Black people faced across the country at this time (and continue to face).

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

COMMUNISTS???

I don’t think this guy actually understands what communism is??

Slavery is good

Says that freedom and Liberty have failed in the northern states and France

Slaves like being slaves

Slaves are treated well

Says that antebellum slavery is communism

“A Southern farm is the beau ideal of Communism; it is a joint concern…”

“The slaves are well fed, well clad, have plenty of fuel, and are happy. They have no dread of the future no fear of want.”

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

Focuses on the moral and practical necessary of abolition

Challenges Jefferson’s well known philosophy of universal, equal human rights

Points out the fallacy in claiming ‘American exceptionalism’ and American moral superiority because fo democracy

Argues from the slave’s perspective that ‘American democracy’ had just legalized and protected whites that owned Black slaves

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

“…the result of my observations has warranted the full and unshaken convictions, that we, (colored people of these United States,) are the most degraded, wretched, and abject set of being that ever lives since the world began; and I pray God that none like us ever may live again until time shall be no more.”

Slavery of Helots in Sparta, Roman Slaves, Israelites in Egypt — all of those evils pale in comparison to the wretchedness and endless miseries reserved for Black slaves of Christian Americans

Look to the Declaration of Independence, it says ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL, yet slavery persisted in America for decades, compare that ideology to the atrocities inflicted on slaves for no reason other than the color of their skin

Calls out the profane insult that slaves faced, being degraded to such a point that they were denied their humanity

Makes a lot of biblical and historical references

Points out Jefferson’s bs, KKK-esque, white supremacist beliefs (especially how he bought into polygenesis, and his remarks in “Thomas Jefferson’s Racism”)

Says he would prefer death to enslavement in America

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So many Biblical references…

Men address themselves to the weakness of women

“Woman has been placed by John Quincy Adams, side by side with the slave, whilst he was contending fo the right side of petition. I thank him for ranking us with the oppressed; for I shall not find it difficult to show, that in all ages and countries…”

Men allowed to pursue greater knowledge while women are confined to what they can learn in books

Men use women as one of two things: slaves or dolls

Historical and biblical arguments

Women should help slaves (have basic humanity)

Men and Women are equals and therefore women should be treated as such

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

Pretty much thrown out of “integrated” church

Get help from some nice, educated white guys who helped them figure out how to start their own church

Methodist church elder is kinda racist and mad that they want to start their own church instead of continuing to go to his

Bought a lot and built a church

Lots of Methodists didn’t like what they were doing and harassed them

Got harassed by the Methodist conference a bit

Disowned by Methodists

More “colored” churches were formed and eventually they formed their own conference

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Protests the Indian Removal Act of 1830 signed by Andrew Jackson

Cherokee probably did the most fo assimilate to American culture than any other native group, yet they were still included in the Act

Says that Indian Removal Act violated existing treaties between the Cherokee nation and the United States

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“They are at least as brave, and more adventuresome. But this may perhaps proceed from a want of forethought, which prevents their seeing a danger till it be present.”

Literally called “Thomas Jefferson’s Racism”

“Their griefs are transient.”

What an appalling amount of privilege and lack of awareness….

“In general, their existence appears to participate more of sensation than reflection. To this must be ascribes their disposition to sleep when abstracted from their diversions, and unemployed in labor. An animal whose body is at rest, and who does not reflect, must be disposed to sleep of course.”

“Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me, that in memory they are equal to the whites; in reason much inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehending the investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous. It would be unfair to follow them to Africa for this investigation. We will consider them here, on the same stage with the whites, and where the facts are not apocryphal on which a judgment is to be formed. It will be right to make great allowances for the difference of condition, of education, of conversation, of the sphere in which they move.”

“But never yet could I find that a black had uttered a thought above the level of plain narration; never see even an elementary trait of painting or sculpture. In music they are more generally gifted than the whites with accurate ears for tune and time, and they have been found capable of imagining a small catch. Whether they will be equal to the composition of a more extensive run of melody, or of complicated harmony, is yet to be proved. Misery is often the parent of the most affecting touches in poetry. — Among the blacks is misery enough, God knows, but no poetry. Love is the peculiar oestrum of the poet. Their love is ardent, but it kindles the senses only, not the imagination…”

Believes in polygenesis

“…inferior to the whites in the endowments fo both body and mind.”

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

Why has it been decided that men are superior to women?

Simultaneously attacks gendered stereotypes about intelligence and embraces and uses other gendered stereotypes in parts of her argument

“Besides, were we to grant that animal strength proved any thing, taking into consideration the accustomed impartiality of nature, we should be induced to imagine, that she had invested the female mind with superior strength as an equivalent for the bodily powers of man. But waving this however palpable advantage, for equality only, we wish to contend.”

Lots of passages in religious text that seem to favor men but Murray interprets these as metaphorical instead of literal

Points out flaws in lots of male Biblical figures

“Lastly, let us turn our eyes to man in the aggregate. He is manifested as the figure as strength, but that we many not regard him as anything more than a figure, his soul is formed in no sort superior, but in every way equal to the mind of her, who is the emblem of weakness, and whose he hails the gentle companions of his better days.”

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What did you notice in the text that relates to the prompts?  Are there any quotes or necessary paraphrasing that may be helpful in summarizing the document?  What major people, terms, or events could be summarized from this document and is context necessary?

“…I desire you would be Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors.”

“Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could.”

Wants women to have more rights now that the colonies are declaring independence

Women should have a voice and representation in the making of the laws that they are bound by

See women as whole, capable individuals and stop sidelining them

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How can this document be used to respond to the prompts?  What analysis can you provide?  How may this document provide evidence to support an argument in your paper?

This document could potentially be remarkably useful as it argues many of the moral, ethical, and just plain logical points that would be used against slavery today. Thus, providing a source that shows that in 1808, and certainly before, these same arguments were being made, which allows those arguments to be included in the analytical paper without having to directly make comparisons to modern logic (which is not allowed anyways).

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“We the People.” Stirring words. But, who were “the people?” Who was the nation-state supposed to include as citizens? Native Americans? White women? Free Blacks? Was everyone really supposed to have all the same rights? How did people without rights, or fewer rights, push back against their oppression? What about slavery? How did holding certain people in bondage work in a nation that claimed: “All men were created equal?” Who, then, was an American? For whom was this country called America really supposed to exist as the “Land of the Free?” What did different groups of Americans want from this place called America?

“We the People,” a fine sentiment to be sure, but not one that included all peoples, in practice, “We the People” really meant old, rich, land-owning, white men and pretty much all other groups were left out in one way or another. Of course, as a result, all of those excluded groups faced different challenges as they were allowed and fought for different rights during the first 85 years of America’s history, but none faced more hardship and had fewer rights than Black Americans, particularly those who were enslaved. Many whites, specifically enslavers and proponents of Black enslavement, didn’t even see Black people as human. With that in mind, how could Black people be seen as citizens, be include in that oft quoted phrase “all men are created equal”?

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By making such dramatic (though accurate) statements and claims this document, once again, illustrates how poorly treated slaves were, how they weren’t even seen as humans. If they weren’t even considered humans, how on earth could it have been intended for them to be included in that oft quoted “all men are created equal”?

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This paper makes similar arguments to “On the Equality of the Sexes”, arguing that men and women are equals and drawing on historical and biblical examples. However, compared to “On the Equality of the Sexes”, this paper appeals more directly to the reader and other women, and is much shorter which would have made it more accessible to readers.

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Not only were Black people not safe from being harassed through legal channels, but they weren’t even safe in houses of worship. Being forced out of church and feeling that it is necessary to have to start your own church because of your race, not beliefs, is, frankly, ridiculous but very much in keeping with behavioral norms at the time for white people.

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Your conclusion may discuss how these ideas are still being debated today but you should not address today in any other part of your paper.  You do not have to relate your paper to issues of today.  You may choose to wrap up your paper with a traditional conclusion.

Seeing all of these issues play out over the first 85 years of the United States’ history, one would hope that we have made the changes necessary as a country and as a society to remedy these injustices; however, this is not the case. Any marginalized group, or really any group of people in America faces its own set of societal injustices and challenges, but, despite this, progress has been made and rights given more  (but still not entirely) equally to all those who call America ‘home’. It is my hope that throughout this paper you have seen how far we have come, especially as it relates to Black Americans, but can also recognize how far reaching the aftereffects of slavery are and how far we have yet to go.

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How can this document be used to respond to the prompts?  What analysis can you provide?  How may this document provide evidence to support an argument in your paper?

This document demonstrates how even after the Cherokee assimilated to American culture they were still rejected and forcibly removed, in violation of existing treaties, by the United States government so that their land could then be given to white settlers, just because those white settlers decided that they wanted it. Clearly the Indigenous Americans were not considered to be worthy of citizenship in the country where “all men are created equal,” and were only treated slightly better than slaves, possibly only because they had been there first.

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This document could be used to illustrate that not everyone was supposed to have the same rights. Clearly, Jefferson, a founding father of this nation, did not see Black people as people, and therefore would not have seen them as deserving the same rights as whites. These beliefs would have meant that holding people in bondage in a nation where “all men are created equal” wouldn’t have been seen as an issue or paradox by Jefferson because he didn’t see those in bondage as people.

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How can this document be used to respond to the prompts?  What analysis can you provide?  How may this document provide evidence to support an argument in your paper?

This document can be used to show how in the 1790s there were women advocating for women’s rights, though really this document focuses on simply acknowledging that women have the same potential for intelligence and intelligent thought as men. Murray’s argument could be used to provide evidence in an argument that women did not have the same rights as citizens of the United States that men did and that women were both aware of that fact and wanted to do something about it.

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How can this document be used to respond to the prompts?  What analysis can you provide?  How may this document provide evidence to support an argument in your paper?

This document can be used to respond to the prompts and how they relate to white women. Here we see Abigail Adams ask John Adams to make sure that women’s rights were included in the founding documents of our nation, unfortunately her pleas were unsuccessful; however, this does show that even in 1776 women knew that they didn’t enjoy the same rights as men and wanted to be able to have equality. Or, if not equality, at least more rights than they had at the time.

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This document took me a long time to read because I had to keep stopping to try and wrap my brain around the sheer ridiculousness of the argument being presented. That aside, Fitzhugh’s argument could be helpful in explaining part of how slavery was allowed to exist in “the land of the free” where “all men are created equal”.