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"For example, military historian John W. Shy noted that when John Smith of the Jamestown colony wrote of his "soldiers," he meant only those men who at that moment had guns in their hands and who had been ordered to help him look our for danger." pg. 65

Jamestown's colonial militia was trained often times informally, with their technical abilities limited to spontaneous native attacks. In the Second Amendment, it states that the right to bear arms is allowed for responsible and well-mannered militia, in which Jamestown's militia certainly didn't qualify.

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"The Europeans who came ashore on Cape Cod in November of 1620 carried a view of the world that was based on the teachings of Christian religious reformer John Calvin." pg. 50

Calvinists believed that they were destined and justified by their god to take over lands belonging to Indigenous peoples.

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“During the Pequot War (1636-1638), Connecticut and Massachusetts colonial officials began offering bounties for the heads of murdered Indigenous people. This practice of taking and displaying the heads of enemies was a part of European military tradition." pg. 67

Fur and wampum trade were at the roots of the Pequot War, with Pequot people and English settlers from Connecticut and Massachusetts both vying for control. Symbolism of power over Indigenous people was represented by the heads and later scalps of their enemies.

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"This series of raids against Indigenous fields and villages is sometimes called the Tidewater War (1644-1646), although not really a war but a series of attacks with the goal of starving the people out of the area." pg. 71

From 1644-1646 was the Third Anglo-Powhatan war, 20 years after the 1622 Virginia Massacre. The attacks were executed in similar fashions, both striking when food supply dwindled in the winter.

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"When the British established the colony of Georgia in 1732, its commander, General James Oglethorpe, commissioned a Scots Highlander, Hugh Mackay Jr., to organize and train his small regular army to become a Highland Ranger force." pg. 74

The colony of Georgia was qualified as one of the 13 original colonies, falling under the Southern portion. It was also the last established colony of the 13. The colony lasted 44 years, from 1732-1776. Although Georgia was founded by General Oglethorpe, a different gentleman, William Stevens, was named president of the colony as Oglethorpe was more focused on defense against Spain.

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French & Indian Wars/Seven Year War 1754-1763

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French & Indian Wars/Seven Year War 1754-1763

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"In the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the British found that the Cherokee Nation was an extremely powerful ally to the French." pg. 75

This was also called the Seven Years War. It was caused by a feud between France and Great Britain, with the Ohio River Valley being the main cause of conflict. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

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"In 1763 King George the 3rd of England declared that no British subjects should settle on Indigenous lands in the Ohio Country west of a 'proclamation line'." pg. 79.''

Following the 7 year war, the Proclamation Line was created by the British in the Eastern Continental Divide, meeting with the Appalachian mountains. The aim of the Proclamation Line was to protect profit from the Ohio River Valley.

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"Their orders were to march across New York and into northern Pennsylvania, where they were to burn and loot all Indigenous villages and destroy their food supplies, turning the survivors into refugees." pg. 86

In April of 1779, the capital of the Haudenosaunee, the Onondaga Nation, was attacked due to orders from former president George Washington. George Washington had claimed the title 'Father of His Country' but the Haudenosaunee could argue otherwise.