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https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1671453041383555857&wfr=spider&for=pc

I have revised my answer because just recently, a friend of mine was conducting an election for village chief in rural Zhejiang, China. The way the election was conducted was very interesting. A dozen party members in each village had to go to the villagers' homes to lobby them, and my friend, as a village cadre, had to conduct a "poll" and make a prediction, and report the results. Unlike ordinary polls, these polls are recorded and play an important role. Ultimately, the villagers vote from 4am and the final result must match the poll, otherwise the result is considered invalid and someone from outside the village is sent in as an officer.

In common cases, the polls matched the final results to a high degree, with one particular candidate for village chief in my friend's village even receiving a 100% approval rating. The candidate was not as good as the deputy mayor, but the consensus was that the incumbent had the drive and authority to fight for the interests of the village. So, Patricia Funk says, as long as voting is the only option, people are motivated (or pressured) to go to the polling station, only to be seen to vote. Motivation may be a desire to gain social respect, to benefit from being seen as a partner or simply to avoid informal sanctions. Because people in smaller communities know each other better and gossip about who fulfils their civic obligations and who does not, the benefits of norm compliance are particularly high in this type of community.

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https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/27/world/trump-election-defeat-populism-global-intl/index.html

The ballot presents the illusion of choice, but the politicians who set the terms of the referendum also have only the illusion of control.Is the power of the people's referendum the most authoritative, and is the decision to give the decision back to the people a political form or a populist cover-up.The problem with Trump is that he always expresses his views in a populist way. He prefers to stir up the anger of his opponents as opposed to solving problems so that his own voters will embrace him more.

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Over the past decade, more indigenous women have joined wrestling in the suburbs of La Paz, The rise of this movement has become a symbol of feminism. A female wrestler on the ground said: "We are proving that women are not born to be discriminated against and humiliated, that women have the same right to speak as men. Wives have the same rights as their husbands, they have the right to study, work and participate in all kinds of social activities.

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https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/technology/epoch-times-influence-falun-gong.html?searchResultPosition=1

The death of crime photographer Jorge Tortoza by both factions reminds me of the right-wing populist propaganda image of society
. A really great article to read in between this session. While I acknowledge that right-wing is not the same as populist, Benjamin Moffitt says that populist leaders generally hang out with the right, but that rightward leaning is not an ironclad rule of what constitutes 'populism', and that many of Trump's actions are undoubtedly in line with populism, and this piece lays out how populism, or the right-wing, is using these messages to win over a section of the electorate. It is about how these somewhat anti-intellectual messages have become a powerful weapon for populism and are fully integrated into the current media format to build momentum and promote their political views.

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Week 8 cooling—off period before divorce

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Week 8 cooling—off period before divorce

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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/29/anger-in-china-at-law-ordering-cooling-off-period-before-divorce

A new bill with huge opposition has recently been introduced in China, the divorce cooling-off period. In simple terms, if either party does not wish to divorce within 30 days of the filing of the application, or if within 30 days of the expiry of the "divorce cooling-off period," the parties do not jointly apply to the marriage registry for the issuance of a divorce certificate, the application for registration of the divorce is deemed to be withdrawn. Officially, "the 'divorce cooling-off period' is not only an opportunity to review one's relationship with one's spouse, but also a period to examine and observe agreements on property arrangements, child care and, in particular, the maintenance and visitation of minor children during the marriage."

However, the current law on domestic violence in China is not perfect, and there are often cases in a society where women are subjected to domestic violence. Still, it is classified as an "internal family conflict," and men are pardoned. The people's representative proposed the law, but does he really represent the people, so far few voices have been seen supporting this law, but despite such strong opposition, the government has not made any changes.

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https://www.euronews.com/2020/12/03/jozsef-szajer-what-does-the-mep-sex-scandal-tell-us-about-viktor-orban-s-hungary

The seemingly decent Hungarian conservative politician was caught red-handed by Belgian police on patrol after attending a gay sex party on 27 November in violation of local vaccination regulations.

Anti-gay ideology has assumed a pillar position in Orbán's political, ideological structure over the past decade. The conservative Hungarian prime minister has sought to portray himself as a defender of traditional European Christian morality as a counterweight to Western Europe's "ritualistic" mainstream (which also includes the Vatican).

The government is acting in the name of the people, but are these laws and proposals really the voice of the people? In a way, they are disguised as the will of the people, using a false image to gain acceptance. As stated in the class, the most important way liberalism expresses itself is through a collective constituency, called the people.

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Week 7 consequences about the relationships between relatives

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Week 7 consequences about the relationships between relatives

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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/27/china-cultural-revolution-sons-guilt-zhang-hongping

In the documentary, we are all neighbors, two sisters who are very close say that we will have coffee together no matter what, but in the end, they have to look away from each other high up on a hill to make their religious stance clear. The Cultural Revolution in China, however, produced perhaps even more serious violent consequences than this. Many couples were turned against each other overnight because of their political affiliation, and people even reported their parents and family members, sending them to be criticized and humiliated. These acts, which seem absurd and ridiculous to us now, actually happened and affected every ordinary person's lives.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4nRsEgf3Iw

Some consequences of all violence may not be noted by history, but people can remember them in their own way. The women of Haiti, for example, remembered their husbands with silent protests. And the Chinese-American writer Zhang Chunru commemorated the Nanjing Massacre in her own words. This was undoubtedly such a strong reaction to Japan and Japanese culture that she was harassed by the Japanese right-wing and eventually committed suicide. Still, her work and her research will allow more people to remember this history, and this documentary follows Zhang Chunru and her research into the Nanking Massacre. Not only that, but the scarred bodies of the surviving victims of this violence, as well as their oral histories, have added to the unpleasant history that cannot be lost.

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https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54632353

Spencer describes political violence as everyday pattern of aggression and immediate political situation.

In this cases the need for muslin groups are the are praying and having sacred meaning to Allah，but this French teacher somehow present another way of understanding Allah and religion which is originally contrast to their thoughts and thus creating this horrible case.

Here is my addition to this even. What shocked me most is the people’s identity of that three teenagers were charged and even one is his daughter. Thus, the fights for religious are deeply rooted in single person’s mind in some cases are the roots of catastrophe.

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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/29/anger-in-china-at-law-ordering-cooling-off-period-before-divorce

A new bill with huge opposition has recently been introduced in China, the divorce cooling-off period. In simple terms, if either party does not wish to divorce within 30 days of the filing of the application, or if within 30 days of the expiry of the "divorce cooling-off period," the parties do not jointly apply to the marriage registry for the issuance of a divorce certificate, the application for registration of the divorce is deemed to be withdrawn. Officially, "the 'divorce cooling-off period' is not only an opportunity to review one's relationship with one's spouse, but also a period to examine and observe agreements on property arrangements, child care and, in particular, the maintenance and visitation of minor children during the marriage."

However, the current law on domestic violence in China is not perfect, and there are often cases in a society where women are subjected to domestic violence. Still, it is classified as an "internal family conflict," and men are pardoned. The people's representative proposed the law, but does he really represent the people, so far few voices have been seen supporting this law, but despite such strong opposition, the government has not made any changes.

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https://abc7.com/3rd-degree-murder-charge-dismissed-against-derek-chauvin/7242804/

As Foucault said, the essential form of politics in the modern world is biopolitics, which means that sometimes they dictate who to And this is what is most frightening about violence, that power uses the body as a medium to legitimize the monopoly of force and to soften the expression of its own violence, to euphemize the monopoly. In the case of George Floyd, the white police officer himself has long since become a representative, not of himself, but society as a whole and of the law, in terms of his attitude towards the question of black and white survival. I don't want to judge this incident's reasonableness, but it does represent a trend that if violence is ever decriminalized, then all the efforts to liberate may be lost.

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http://culture.ifeng.com/c/80luDDyAMm5

Sorry it is a interview of a famous Chinese anthropologist Xiang Biao with no English if possible please use the chrome translator, lots of thanks.

Recently，I anthropological word “involution” emerges to the mass media, which is quite a discussable and intensive task. The original meaning of involution is used in a agriculture civilization，that under the pressure of population, farmers have been increasing the labor input in the process of rice planting in order to obtain a high yield but resulting in the phenomenon of diminishing marginal returns per unit of labor. People rhetorically put this concept into Chinese younger employment status that young adult get inequalities when searching jobs, and the elements are few below, such as, family background, age, gender which is unchangeable and have nothing to do with the ability of yourself. What’s more even you entered in a huge company like Alibaba, the premise to get higher salary is paying your whole life time and health into it, which is what we called “996”. But even this “high income” can not offer you a house in the place you work, if luckily your parents paid the down payment, all your salary will be put into the monthly house loan. Therefore, people who are in charge of power and wealth are accumulating permanently but what we do is spending our time and health working for houses and capitalists.

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https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/14/asia/thailand-emergency-decree-protests-intl-hnk/index.html?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0

This is just like the things happened in Egypt, people in Thailand are protested for the extravagant  king careless about the epidemic of this country. This is a actively that certainly related to power of the king. As Lila said , the presence of resistance as a lens that can bring us to power relations. It is because the balance between  royalty and civilization broken that lead to this situation.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEGmw65kt1c

Here is a case from China that can fully describe how social norm movements could be transformed into social movements when they became a collective resistance, demanding for some rights. (Bayat 2015t).

AO3 is quite a famous website who once won the Hugo prize, containing tons of brilliant writers in various areas, and became the hotbed some Chinese writer(especially for fan fiction), because of the less limitation of themes and the use of word. Some fans of actor X couldn’t stand the reshape of their X and then reported AO3, making it unable to be visited in china.

The elimination of this website somehow represents the obliteration of a writers’ work. So at first, the “social norm movements” of asking for the right to posting articles and viewing fictions, with the increasing number of people’ s attendance, became a social movements about whether an idol’s fans should use some polices to gain their own willing in exchange of the writing and reading rights of others.

We can also see that there emerged evidence of power, which his consist by fans relying on some rules , leading to the presence of resistance by massive website users and other people.

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Week2 - the right for police to maintain the order 

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Week2 - the right for police to maintain the order 

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After seeing the whole experience of Clara Han(20117), just remind me some cases that relating to the maintenance of order from “police” in the name of protecting people.During this super special period of the outbreak of coronavirus, we experienced a lots things that combines political and our live. One of the most important one is how the police “protect” their people. And the power of “police ” are absolutely separated into communities and neighbors, such as the limitation of entrance of every residential area and the show of the health code. I agree with all the measures toke by “polices” are for the aim of protecting people ,but some of news really made me reflect the line form protection to compulsion, should they be punished in such an indecent way?

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Week3:Who decide the definition of illegal

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Week3:Who decide the definition of illegal

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTFUpflrgjM

[start at 1”21, or the full 03 episode]

Well I can’t say a specific quote from the article of Shahram Khosravi, but his allow experience or should we say adventure strongly remind me of a BBC tv programme “years and years”. It seems fictitious, however, it definitely visualized the process of seeking for their dignity or forecast the future that we might encounter. What’ more the two characters had Multiple identities, illegal immigrants and homosexual people, which occurred to me that the problems of refugee are much more complex than we thought, and have massive relations between the world situation and policies.

The main plot is that two man fell in love with each other, but one of them is a person who deported by Ukraine. Once, Spain is safe for him, but Left wing government is replaced by a far left wing government, and they have a new repatriation, anyone without citizenship will be sent home. They went to France, but due to a emergency election in France, now they are going to deport anyone without visa. Just as De Genova said” No one is illegal”, gradually I started to agree with this saying to some extent.

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Week3：Environmentalism and politics（some already earlierly posted on public padlet）

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Week3：Environmentalism and politics（some already earlierly posted on public padlet）

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https://youtu.be/bW3IQ-ke43w

“moralism has created another  type of politics, even while being labeled apolitical”(Where ethics and politics meetP4)Just  as he said, morality sometimes claim that what they do is for human-beings or for the purpose which has nothing to do this the politics. However, as we saw in the last lecture, politics are not always about orders and instruments, nor only related to institutions. Therefore, not any group or individual members can set themselves alone for the participation of politics when they announce for something that is upended or opposite to the current situation. For instance, the majority of people hold the point that the protection for environment more or less caused the reduction in the speed of economic development. However, in some “mass organizations ” point of view, they pushed environmental problems to a extreme. Regardless of the specific content of her ideas and speeches, her actions which in standing in the mountains of morality about environmental protectionism were already upended some established and traditional recognition, therefore is defenitely a performance in the politics.

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http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-05/26/content_20818180.htm

Although it is a news that happened in 2015, but it can still reflect some situations we met these days, we have learned that power is the relationship between policing and politics, therefor how they use this power, somehow represent the attitude and current situation of a state.

This new talks about Ex-traffic police chief on bribery charge, but what about the people behind and under him, and where did those money comes from?  we can see tons of things or news happened in daily live even now, that  traffic police abuse of pot for personal gain, which include cigarette or cash money, most importantly, it seems become an unwritten rules especially in small towns. People give rights to state for protection, but who give them this rights to be the pirate of people.