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anglo saxan women
Norman/ England
1077-1082ce
embroidery
Format of final appearance/publication

230 ft long and 20in tall
Depicts the battle of Hastings (conquest of England by Normans) where King Harold dies. Was used as political propaganda to glorify the Norman king, William the conqueror. An extremely long textile narrating the events of the battle.

1. Whether illustration reveals, clarifies and explains truths – or obscures, misleads, and falsifies

This textile is considered "false" when you are only looking at a small piece of the narrative because in reality the tapestry is very long. It also portrays William as glorified and "amazing."

Also harolds death is obscured and miss-leading in the narrative was he killed by arrows or get pushed off the horse and slaughtered. The tapestry of this was actually tampered, the arrow in the eye was added in the 19th century.

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 Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute The Story of Lady Wenji

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 Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute The Story of Lady Wenji

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Artist:?
Culture or nationality: China
Title and/or caption: Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute
Date: 15th C  (960-1279 CE)
Medium of original art: ink, color, golf on silk
Format of final: ?appearance/publication:?
Size: 11 1/4"x 39' 3"

Tells a story of a woman kidnapped by a nomadic tribe and was taken to their land, where she gave birth to a child from their leader. She was eventually given back to her original people but had to leave her child behind.

1. The role of illustrations in conquest and domination – and resistance against

The illustration is a patriotic message to other women, teaching a lesson, the woman that was kidnapped and had to leave her own child dealt with it very nobly, being a role model to other women. The piece is a representation to patriotism to it own land, even leaving behind their own child.

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Wang jie
Tang Dynasty china
868 CE
Woodblock
Format of final appearance/publication
18 foot long scroll

The earliest surviving full book.
Sutra means lesson and the illustration is the Buddha giving a lesson. The buddha is illustrated with a third eye and a swastika on his chest, it means to "be good."

the term woodblock printing is different from Asian wood prints. Called woodcut there were differing tools, techniques and methods of making a woodcut.

How the meaning of an image is never permanently fixed. In this illustration the Buddha is seen with the sign of a swastika on his chest and it originally meant "to be good" but as we all know that symbol and its meaning has turned into a hate symbol, this symbols meaning isn't fixed to one meaning but over history has been used in such a way that can be said at "tainting" the meaning because of hitler.

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Artist:  multiple artists, written by Hartmann Shedel
Culture or nationality: German
Title and/or caption: Nuremberg Chronicle
Date: 1440-1514
Medium of original art: book
Format of final: ?
appearance/publication: ?
Size: ?

Nuremberg Chronicle is a book that is a history of the world, including plague, omens, natural and supernatural phenomena, biographies, and genealogies.

1. What happens when illustration adheres closely to the text, versus contributes different info

The images/ prints included into the book correlates with the stories told in the book, giving a visual representation for those unable to read. But at the same time it contributes different info, for example, the portraits in the books often gets reused but labeled as different gods or people. Recycling prints to use as multiple people in different stories.

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 Hans Holbein, Martin Luther Depicted as Hercules

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 Hans Holbein, Martin Luther Depicted as Hercules

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Artist:Hans Holbein
Culture or nationality: germany?
Title and/or caption:Martin Luther Depicted as Hercules
Date: 1522
Medium of original art:woodcut
Format of final: appearance/publication:
Size: ?

Designed as propaganda, showing Marin luther in his monk's clothes but depicted as the mythological Hercules. "The accompanying text compared Luther's struggles against the church to Hercules battling Hydra."(26)

1. Whether illustration reveals, clarifies and explains truths – or obscures, misleads, and falsifies

A semiotic take on what was happening to the church during the time. There was a protestant reformation because of Martin Luthers ninety-five theses, that revealed practices of the church.  Since it is propaganda it does mislead or exaggerate what was happening during the time.

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Artist: Odoardo Fialetti
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: The Gravid Uterus
Date: (1573-1638)
Medium of original art: Copperplate engravings
Format of final: ?appearance/publication:?
Size:?

Medical illustration of a pregnant woman but idealized by the pose she is doing, very animated for a medical drawing that is supposed to be informative this one is dramatized.

1. How illustrations set norms of persons/bodies (and who is then defined as abnormal as a result)

Medical illustrations were made with the intent to inform its audience about abnormalities to the body but what if these illustrations are not realistic? With this illustration of a pregnant woman she is drawn very animated and dramatized, this does not help or inform the audience as to what is wrong or right with her body.

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Artist: Marten de Vos painter, engraved by Adriaen Collaert
Culture or nationality: Flemish
Title and/or caption: Allegory of the four continents
Date: 1590s
Medium of original art: painting, engraving
Format of final:engraving
appearance/publication: ?
Size:?

This engraving is one of four portraits of the four allegory's of the continents. Portrayed in connected environments to themselves.

1. How illustrations reflect/reinforce ethnocentrism

A piece out of the four allegory of the four continents portraying America "Columbia" as beast like and brutal.

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A Spanish Encomendaro Demands Many Native Servants

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A Spanish Encomendaro Demands Many Native Servants

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Artist: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: A Spanish Encomendaro Demands Many Native Servants
Date: 1615
Medium of original art: ink on paper
Format of final: book page
appearance/publication:
Size: 8x 5 1/2

Hand made illustrated book inspired by the Florentine Codex, the Nueva coronica y buen gobierno. The piece is of "richly dressed ecomendero" with two servants depicted as children, while the econmendero is holding a coiled rope which was a form of recording information in south africa.

1. Whether illustration reveals, clarifies and explains truths – or obscures, misleads, and falsifies

This piece reveals the unfair colonial rule over other natives. The piece depicts a man holding a coiled rope that is a recording system from South Africa, the natives are the two servants, depicted as children.

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Artist: Robert Hooke
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: Flea
Date:1665
Medium of original art: copperplate engraving
Format of final: appearance/publication:
Size: 7 3/8x 11 1/4

A scientific illustration of a flea, using intaglio to get more detail in his prints. Flea, is part if Hooke's Micrographia, known for its biological illustrations.

1. How illustrations contribute to personal and cultural identity

The theme of the flea is not, identity but development, contributing to the scientific illustrations it forwards the science and discovery of things we don't understand. Hooke was the one that used the word "cell" when talking about the walled space of the cells he observed, contributing to the "cell theory."

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Artist: Kitagawa Utamaro
Culture or nationality: Japan
Title and/or caption: Poem of the Pillow
Date: 1788
Medium of original art: color woodblock print album leaf
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size: 10" by 14 1/2"

Erotic print illustration of a mildly nude man and woman kissing and reclining back on the ground. There is a poem written on the fan that says " Its beak caught firmly in the clamshell, the snipe cannot fly away on an autumn evening"

1. The extent to which creators control their work’s genesis, message, impact, uses

Although these erotic prints were produced and sold it was under government regulations that limited the productions and kept them away from the public view. So the creators of these prints had to control how explicit the content was.

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Artist: Honore Daumier
Culture or nationality: France
Title and/or caption:Louis- Philippe as Gargantua Devouring France
Date: 1831
Medium of original art: Lithograph
Format of final: appearance/publication:
Size: 8 1/2 x 12"

Political illustration of a caricatured version of the french king, portrayed as a gargantua- from a french fable, the king is seen sitting and being fed by the poor with bags of coins and "pooping" out documents to his officials.

1. How illustrations reflect/reinforce hierarchies

The social hierarchy of the french king over the poor and how he completely takes advantage over them while other, higher class officials benefit from this system, the system of excessive taxation that was used for the kings personal salary.

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Hiroshige, Footing It Along the Tokkaido Road

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Hiroshige, Footing It Along the Tokkaido Road

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Artist: Ando Hiroshige
Culture or nationality: Japan
Title and/or caption:Footing it along the tokkaido road
Date:1845-46
Medium of original art: woodblock print, ink and color on paper
Format of final:
appearance/publication: Shanks Mare
Size: 14 1/2 x 9 15/8"

Part of the kokkei-bon, which is comic novels, this print shows two characters, Yaji and Kita, being spooked by a kimono hung to dry in the wind, when they realize their mistake they tumble to the ground laughing. The woman portrayed in the top left corner is reading a book that is in similar format as Shanks Mare.

1. How illustration is complicit with consumerism

In many ways this comic novel is a part of the consumerist culture by having these books be hot commodities. They are forms of entertainment that attract viewers.

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Artist: Gustave Dore
Culture or nationality: London
Title and/or caption: Wentworth St, Whitechapel
Date: 1872
Medium of original art: Wood-engraving
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size: 247millimeters by 197 millimeters

Portraying the slums of London which is captivated by its value the sheer gloom of this street.

1. Whether illustration reveals, clarifies and explains truths – or obscures, misleads, and falsifies

This illustration is a clear portrayal of the poor streets of London. Conveying to the viewing or revealing to them a harsh reality that is far from luxury.

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William Morris & Edward Burne-Jones, Kelmscott Chaucer

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William Morris & Edward Burne-Jones, Kelmscott Chaucer

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Artist:  William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones, walter cane
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: Kelmscott Chaucer
Date: 1894
Medium of original art:
Format of final:
appearance/publication: kelmscott press
Size: 11 1/2 "by 8 5/16"

Manuscript of medieval story's complemented with ornamental boarder designs and pictures while aiming towards philosophical inquiry in the purpose of life and work.

1. What happens when illustration adheres closely to the text, versus contributes different info

The manuscript complements the text, closely adhering towards the illustrations and designs of the manuscript. With a gothic style of fonts, ornate borders it gives the sense of age and romance. Contributing to the overall mood of the book.

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Howard Pyle, The Gardener Lad Takes Off His Cap

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Howard Pyle, The Gardener Lad Takes Off His Cap

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Artist: Howard Pyle
Culture or nationality:  U.S
Title and/or caption:The Gardener Lad Takes Off his Cap
Date: 1903
Medium of original art:
Format of final:
appearance/publication: St. Nicholas "The Story of King Arthur  and HIs Knights"
Size: 11 1/3 x 8 1/4"

Pyle is a prominent artist in color and black and white, influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement. This illustration is part of many narratives that were in the St.Nicholas.

1. The extent to which creators control their work’s genesis, message, impact, uses

Pyle had the desire to teach the young viewers of this book a lesson on showing that chivalry is a matter of character not social class.

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Posada, Calavera of a Soldier from Oaxaca

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Posada, Calavera of a Soldier from Oaxaca

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Artist: Jose Posada
Culture or nationality: Mexico
Title and/or caption:Calavera of a Soldier from Oaxaca
Date:1903
Medium of original art: Relief etching, ink on paper
Format of final: appearance/publication:
Size: 13 1/3x 8 1/3"

Issued as a boardsheet,(combination of lyrics from folk lore and illustrations) the illustration of a song is in celebration of the 1864 Mexican resistance to France.

1. The extent to which creators control their work’s genesis, message, impact, uses

The artist is free to be able to create what he wants and what message he can put into it. For Calavera of a Soldier from Oaxaca, he memorializes the Mexican resistance towards the French and the French's defeat. This is a independence celebration that impacts the readers with his illustrations correlated with the text, a folk lore narrative. The print includes the characteristic Oaxaca region hat but staying generalized for his broadsheets.

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Harry R. Hopps, Destroy This Mad Brute 1917

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Harry R. Hopps, Destroy This Mad Brute 1917

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Artist: Harry R. Hopps
Culture or nationality: United States
Title and/or caption: Destroy this Mad Brute
Date: 1917
Medium of original art: color lithograph (?)
Format of final: ?appearance/publication: Poster,
Size: 48 in x 32 in

This poster was created for propaganda in World War 1 to motivate people from the U.S. to join the military or contribute to the war effort.

1. How illustrations reflect/reinforce ethnocentrism

By associating the Germans as a negative connotation of a gorilla it portrays them negatively in the benefit to convince the United States public to enlist for the war, it's propaganda.

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Charles E. Chambers, "In dress it's distinction..."

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Charles E. Chambers, "In dress it's distinction..."

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Artist: Charles E Chambers
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: in dress its distinction in a cigarette its taste
Date: 1930
Medium of original art: oil on canvas
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size: 21x 21"

Advertising of a woman for a cigarette company, trying to appeal to women to smoke cigarettes. Smoking for women was considered lower class so by having this advertising of a high class woman changes the social structures of smoking.

1. Whether illustration has the ability to effectively change social structures, or is always co-opted as a commodity

By using illustration as a means of advertising this piece of a woman for a cigarette company changes the social norms for women of higher class to smoke, where it was seen as a lower class thing for women to smoke.

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Artist:Tom Lea
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption:
Date: 1944
Medium of original art: oil on canvas
Format of final: appearance/publication:
Size: 36 1/2x 28 1/2

The illustration is a depiction of a man with the "thousand yard stare" which was a term to describe battle fatigue, later known as PTSD. The illustration was in Life magazine after congress defunded the war art program, so the illustration is depicting the ugly truth of war and not the heroic, patriotic illustrations that the U.S. government wanted.

1. Whether illustration reveals, clarifies and explains truths – or obscures, misleads, and falsifies

The piece is showing the true nature of war to its public audience back at home in the U.S. clarifying that war is not pretty.

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Artist: Li Hua
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: Arise suffering slaves
Date: 1947
Medium of original art: woodcut, oil based ink on paper
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size: 7 3/4 "by 10 3/4"

With strong black and white contrast and bold emphasis of the direction of lines, the print expresses the hope to inspire resistance in the nationalist government.

1. How illustrations or illustrating may enhance someone’s agency, or curtail it

Enhancing the agency to come together to resist against nationalist governments the illustration boldly depicts people rushing into a battle.

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Artist: Antonio Lopez
Culture or nationality: U.S.A
Title and/or caption:Red Legs
Date: 1967
Medium of original art: Pastel, felt tip, and charcoal on paper
Format of final:
appearance/publication: Harper's Bazaar Red Story
Size: 24x18"

Influenced by the Pop art and Post war era  movements, Antonio's fashion illustration were iconic of the 1970s and 80s.

1. How illustrations contribute to personal and cultural identity

This illustration is a contribution to the cultural identity of the U.S. in the 70s and 80s, the fashion illustration isn't focused on the clothes themselves but the interpretation of the clothing and the person wearing it, during the time this was the style, big hair, big earnings, and the influence of pop art are all tied to the culture during the time.

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Norman Rockwell, New Kids in the Neighbourhood

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Norman Rockwell, New Kids in the Neighbourhood

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Artist: rockwell
Culture or nationality: US
Title and/or caption: New kids in Neighborhood
Date: 1967
Medium of original art: oil on canvas
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size: ?

painting of the new kids in the neighborhood where the children of a white family and black family are looking at each other, inspecting each other while also there is relating objects on both sides, the white kids are holding baseball gloves and ones in a uniform and the black boy is also holding a baseball glove, relating to each other, while there is a cat and a dog. also using photo reference.

1. How illustrations contribute to personal and cultural identity

The suburban neighborhood has new neighbors in a time where the cultural identity of the U.S. was segregated. This illustration shows the identity of the united states and how it gets projected and influenced in children but hopefully not entirely for these children are curious about each other.

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Artist:  Trina Robbins
Culture or nationality: United States
Title and/or caption: It aint me Babe
Date: 1970
Medium of original art: ?
Format of final: standard
appearance/publication: Last Gasp
Size: ?
A cover of the underground comix with all female characters created by all female artists with the text "It Aint Me Babe, Womens liberation." Characters on cover, Alive Oyl, Little Lulu, Wonder Woman, Sheena, Queen of the Jungle, Mary Marvel, and Elsie the cow, with their fists raised.

1. Hegemony: pros and cons of maintaining the status quo

Hegemony: This publication of an all women's comic is a good example of hegemony because for a long time the system of comics prevented women from publishing their work. A lot of female cartoonists were published in underground newspapers but underground comics publishings were against publishing the work of females. This comic publication is breaking away from the normative comic system of male publication.  In this example the hegemonic normative did not benefit these female artists instead it benefitted the males.

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Artist: Emory Douglas
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption:Warning to America
Date: 1970
Medium of original art: ?
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size:?

For the black panther movement this piece shows the active role women have in leadership and fighting for justice.

1. How illustrations contribute to personal and cultural identity

The illustration represents the American Identity of the black panther movement and the cultural identity of women, and the desire to stand up to leadership positions and show the world that women are made more than just to bare children and stay in the kitchen.

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Artist: Mary Wings
Culture or nationality:
Title and/or caption: Come out Comix
Date: 1973
Medium of original art:
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size:

Wings created some of the first to publish characters that were gay or lesbian in the underground comix. Later self publishing a second comix.

1. How illustrations contribute to personal and cultural identity

A lot of comics at the time did not include characters that were gay or lesbian and any depictions of them were falsely portrayed in their experiences. Come out Comix was a story that accurately depicted what coming out was like.

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Artist: Raul Colon
Culture or nationality: mexico, puerto rico
Title and/or caption: Tomas and the Library Lady
Date: 1997
Medium of original art: etching tool and colored pencil
Format of final:
appearance/publication:
Size:

Soft rendered illustration style is base on Alfred Martinez and deigo rivera. The book is based on the real story of Tomas Rivera, the son of a migrant worker.

1. What happens when illustration adheres closely to the text, versus contributes different info

An illustrated book based on the real success story of Tomas Rivera, a son of a migrant worker who becomes chancellor at the university of California. The Images stay close to the text to tell a narrative.

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Artist:  ?
Culture or nationality: Rajasthan
Title and/or caption: Kaavad
Date: 2007
Medium of original art: wooden box with paint
Format of final: box
appearance/publication: ?
Size: ?

Traditional story telling  piece. Kaavad is a "portable pilgrimage" for patrons.

How illustrations help/hinder spiritual beliefs:

The Kaavad is considered a portable shrine. Its an art tool that tells narratives to an audience while they are traveling, helping spread beliefs. The narratives are about hardships, community bonding, sacrifice, and devotion.