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A)     Acetazolamide is indicated for patients with glaucoma because of its carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity.

B)     Vasopressin is released by posterior pituitary when plasma tonicity decrease.

C)      Hydrochlorothiazide inhibit NaCl reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting Na+/Cl- transporter (NCC).

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1. Carbonic anhydrese inhibitor can increase HCO3 reabsportion in the pct
2. Acetazolamide will cause akaline diuresis
3. Methazolamide can be used to treat patient with severe hyperphosphatemia

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A. Acetazolamide is used to treat the symptoms of acute mountain sickness
B. Prolonged use of Furosemide cause hypermagnesemia.
C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cannot be given to patients with cirrhosis

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A.     Organic mercurial diuretics are widely used nowadays to inhibit salt transport in Thick ascending limb of Henle

B.     Loop diuretics are indicated in hyperkalemia, anion overdose and acute renal failure.

C.      Thiazides act predominantly in the distal convoluted tubules

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Questions :

1) Furosemide can lead to formation of gout

2) K+ Sparring use to treat hyperaldosteronism

3) Thiazide mostly act on Proximal Convulated Tubule (PCT)

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1. Acetazolamide is useful in correcting alkalosis.

2. Loop diuretics are contraindicated in acute pulmonary oedema.

3. Spirinolactone prevents K+ secretion by antagonizing the effects of aldosterone in collecting tubules.

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A. Chlorothiazides is indicated in patients with diabetes mellitus

B. Furosemide act at the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

C. Spironolactone act to prevent sodium absorption in the collecting tubule.

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a)      Loop diuretics can significantly enhance urinary secretion of K+ in mild hyperkalaemia.

b)     Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cannot be used as adjunct treatment for glaucoma.

c)      Thiazides can cause hyperuricemia

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1. Overdosage of vasopressin can result in hyponatremia and seizures

2. Thiazides inhibit NaCl reabsorption from the luminal side of epithelial cells in the DCT by blocking the Na + /Cl – transporter (NCC).

3. Loop diuretics are not very effective compared to other diuretic drugs.

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1.Thiazides can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.

2.Thiazides inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the Distal Convoluted Tubule by blocking the Na + /Cl transporter.

3.Hydrochlorothiazide are not used in elderly patient.

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1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide) causes increase amount of HCO3- reabsorption in the PCT.

2. Toxicity of K+ sparing diuretics can lead to hyperkalemia.

3. Vasopressin can cause vasoconstriction in patients with coronary artery disease.

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TTL:

a)      Desmopressin can be used in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis as bedtime Desmopressin therapy.

b)      Osmotic diuretics can increase intracranial and intraocular pressure.

c)       Thiazides inhibit NaCl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule by blocking Na+/Cl- transporter (NCC).

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1.       Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors can be used topically without producing any systemic or renal effects to treat glaucoma

2.       Potassium-sparring diuretics shares similar properties to adenosine antagonists

3.       At maximum dosage of a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor, reabsorption of HCO3¯ is completely inhibited.

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1-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor can cause hyperchloromic metabolic acidosis ? T
2-Loop diuretic block the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal tubule ? L
3-Conivaptan is useful in patient with heart failure ? T

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A) Amiloride reduces Na+ retention by blocking epithelial Na+ channels in collecting tubules
B) Mannitol can be administered orally
C) Chlorothiazide is used for hypertension

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a.   Renal potassium wasting is a side effect of acetazolamide.
b. Spironolactone is useful to treat hyperaldosteronism.
c.   Tolvaptan inhibit the effects of ADH in the proximal convoluted tubules.

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1) Amiloride blocks aldosterone from binding to mineralcorticoid
2) Spironolactone is used to treat ascites caused by liver cirrhosis
3)Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in increasing calcium reabsorption