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Porfirio Diaz

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Early 1900s, American officials were concerned about large debts that Latin American nations owed European banks. 1902, after Venezuela defaulted on its debts, Britain, Germany, and Italy blockaded Venezuela's ports. The crisis resolved peacefully when the U.S. pressured both sides to reach an agreement. Roosevelt gave an address to Congress that later became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It was stated that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary. The goal of the Roosevelt Corollary was to prevent European powers from using the debt problems of Latin America to justify intervening in the region. The U.S. applied this first to the Dominican Republic, which had fallen behind on its debt payments to European nations. In 1905, the U.S. began collecting customs tarriffs in the Dominican Republic.

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The geography of the canal made it difficult to build. Because the center of the country is higher than sea level, they had to build a dam to create an artificial lake.

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Landowners plotted against Madero, and in 1913 Madero was murdered while Victoriano Huerta seized power. Huerta's brutality made President Wilson disturbed, and he refused to accept the new government until order was restored. Wilson began intercepting arms ships of Huerta, and would not support Mexico until an orderly system with laws was established.

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Some of Wilson's Troop

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In 1894 war started between China and Japan for Korea. Watchers were very surprised how easily Japan defeated China's big army. Observers realized that Japan had mastered Western technology. The Russians were worried about Japan's rising empire. Russia didn't want Japan to acquire the Manchurian territory. Russia forced Japan to give the territory back to China. Russia wanted to lease the territory from Japan. News of this got out and Germany, France, and Britain wanted to lease it from China to. Each leaseholder became a sphere of influence.

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Mexican Trooper

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German ambassador to China was killed
Germany, Austria, Britain, Fance, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the US intervened
They rescued foreigners and ended the rebellion
Secretary of State John Hay worked with British diplomats
He persuaded powers to accept compensation from China
The US retained access to China's trade in tea, spices, silk and got a bigger market for themselves

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April 1914, American sailors were arrested in Tampico after entering a restricted area. After Mexico denied an apology, Wilson saw an opportunity to overthrow Huerta. Congress authorized the use of force. Wilson ordered American warships to Veracruz and U.S. Marines seized the city. Anti-American riots broke out. Venustiano Carranza became Mexico's president. Mexicans who opposed Carranza conducted raids in the U.S. hoping Wilson would intervene. March 1916, Pancho Villa was responsible for the death of 17 Americans in Columbus, New Mexico. Wilson then sent 5,800 troops and General John J. Pershing to find and capture Villa which was unsuccessful. Latin Americans thought there was no improvement over Roosevelt's "big stick" diplomacy. 1914 - negotiated rights for naval bases and a canal with Nicaragua.

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Politicians worried that China would be divided among the Europeans and Americans would not be allowed to do business there. McKinley and John Hay supported the Open Door Policy. It allowed all countries to trade with China. In 1899, Hay asked countries with leaseholds in China not to discriminate against other nations wanting to do business in their sphere of influence. Nations responded by saying it accepted the Open Door policy. But they didn't want to agree with it unless everyone did. The policy helped the U.S.  economy by ensuring that American companies could continue to trade with China.

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Woodrow Wilson

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In 1899 the United States was a major power in Asia, with naval bases all across the Pacific. By operating from these bases the U.S. Navy was the third largest navy in the world. Between 1895 and 1900 the chinese and american exports quadrupled with chinese only buying about 2 percent of the exports mainly helping with the steel, oil and textile industries

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Secret Chinese societies organized to fight foreign control and influence. One group knowns as the boxers decided to destroy both the "foreign devils" and their Chinese converts. Who they believed were corrupting Chinese Society. In the Boxer Rebellion, the boxers and Chinese troops attacked foreign embassies killing more than 200 foreigners and Christian missionaries.
Laredo

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The Panama Canal
Roosevelt believed that if the world could see how powerful the U.S. is then it would deter nations from fighting. Expressed this with the saying, "Speak softly and carry a big stick."  Believed that having a canal would be vital to U.S. power. 1889, a French company abandoned it efforts to build the canal in Panama. 1902, U.S. purchased the French company to continue the construction of the canal. Colombia refused to let the U.S. build the canal through its territory. This caused tension between Colombians and Panamanian officials. 1903, U.S. warships loomed the harbor. Panama revolted against Colombia. U.S. recognized Panama's independence and the two nations signed a treaty allowing the canal to be built.

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Balancing Power In East Asia
Roosevelt supported the Open Door Policy in China.
Roosevelt convinced Russia and Japan to end their conflict and seek no further territory. Japan continued to compete greater influence in Asia, they pledged to respect each other's possessions, uphold the Open Door Policy, and support China's independence.

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1900, president Mckinley was reelected for a second term but was short by an assassin's bullet.
After his death, Vice president Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency

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Wilson imposed imperialism.
Porfirio Diaz- Dictator in Mexico
1910- revolution was started by Francisco Madero who supported democracy but was inexperienced so people went against him
Wilson knew that Mexico's leader needed the U.S help or else he would be overthrown.