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General public as I don't think many people think about favours in different ways. I would emphasise the ambiguity of favours and that they are not always well meaning

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The Western lens can have a biased view on corruption in other government systems.

This ethnocentrism can instead be mistaken for cultural differences and what is particularly pertinent for other people.

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Favours shift to emphasise the action of giving and its function of building the prestige of the giver, rather than focusing on having a return.

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depending on the status of the people

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cultural context and specifically the exact social situation (including the relationship between people, their status and history of favour giving/asking)

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In Western society, we have capitalised on gift-giving. For example, the Cadbury Favourites 'what to bring when you're told not to bring a thing' or the expectation that you'll bring wine to a dinner, or even a diamond for a wedding ring. These objects have become commodified as items of 'gift-value' removed from an individual, of their own agency, in applying unique value to that object.

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There has been a shift towards looking at the social relations between actors in performing/receiving favours, rather than focusing chiefly on the relationships between objects. This involves a focus on "enaction", bringing something (your identify, defining a relationship?) into being. 

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There has been a shift towards looking at the social relations between actors in performing/receiving favours, rather than focusing chiefly on the relationships between objects. This involves a focus on "enaction", bringing something (your identify, defining a relationship?) into being. 

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This may be problematic when choosing language to express these concepts.  How we think about certain words such as "favour" and "gift" may depend on cultural context or individual interpretation and experiences in the world. Possibly this means that we should define how we will use our terms!

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capitalism!

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Gifts are more monetary and the reciprocity and obligations behind gifts is tied to their monetary value.

Favours are more ambiguous because often they are not material and hence can be "repayed" in different ways. I think that the size of the favour determines one's obligation to return the favour.
Ie a small favour such as borrowing a pen - it is sufficient to say thankyou. Theres not much obligation to return the favour though asking for this kind of favour too many times and not reciprocating (such as letting them borrow a pen) is seen as rude '

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Gift

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favours are culturally relative and differ according to place, power dynamic, culture, gender, class etc.

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- different cultural contexts and communities shift our ideas of how ''favours'' are perceived.

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Gifts are a form of resource. Therefore, they are economic on resource.

Favours are more unlikely to have a recognisable value to itself, and only hold meaning between the favourer and the favouree.

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different cultural contexts can shape meanings around favours e.g in Indonesia, where i grew up, there's a much more open understanding of power dynamics and how favours express ideas of 'superiority' in terms of class, wealth, etc. also a much larger culture about 'saving face'

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Understandings of favours shift within social contexts and between power dynamics - ideas of reciprocation and the implicit vs explicit expectations that underlie these favours shift depending on levels of comfort, closeness, social setting

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Favours - Acts of Service
Gifts - gift-giving

Both serve as ways to recognise another person.

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Compared to gift-giving, favours have to do with social esteem and merit. Gifts are more to do with a relationship between two people.

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Movement away from a focus on reciprocity and towards the idea of individual esteem building

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Favours are supposedly done out of good will but are more likely to be done out of societal expectations and avoidance of conflict

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A favour may be more of a practice and a gift is seen as more of an object that can be calculated in monetary terms.  A favour has the ability to sustain and create relations between people that can in turn influence events.

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Favour: forced reciprocity and obligation, transaction - favours can be asked for,
Gift: generosity, selflessness - out of your own volition - can be a greater burden depending on $$ cost
Both can be received unequally & change relationships
Both imply the same level of reciprocity, difference with a gift is that obligation is hidden behind false politeness
Favour is more functional
Even though gift giving entails obligation, the TRUE act of gift giving should not be considered in a transactional context (?)
A gift is not necessarily useful in its inherent qualities but the focus is on its purpose in building relations - whereas favour aways has a useful purpose
Favour implies the person being helped has the capacity to do something the actor cannot, whereas gift giving can happen in and of itself, favour entails being helped at a later stage bc of the action undertaken
perceived imbalance in giving a favour = an action the person does not have the capacity to undertake themselves

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We tend to feel indebted to people who have given us a favour or gift, or even help. So power also plays a role. But help and favours especially imply a sort of dependency or inability for the receiving party. Gifts and favours can be exchanged in place of each other 

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We tend to feel indebted to people who have given us a favour or gift, or even help. So power also plays a role. But help and favours especially imply a sort of dependency or inability for the receiving party. Gifts and favours can be exchanged in place of each other 