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For Vaishali, Thea, Parashie - How is static electricity used in photocopiers?

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How does static energy create a shock when you touch another object?

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What is static energy?
Static energy is an Electric charge that has collected  on an object.
How is it created?

Static electricity is created when two objects that are not good electrical conductors are rubbed together and electrons from one of the objects rub off onto the other.

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It can be used to control pollution levels by applying static charges to dust particles in the air and collecting those charged particles on a plate or collector of the opposite electrical charge. They are also used in factories to reduce pollution that the smokestacks emit.
https://www.school-for-champions.com/science/static_uses.htm#.XLQI-eszb_Q

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According to wikibooks "Static electricity is used in pollution control by applying a static charge to dirt particles in the air and then collecting those charged particles on a plate or collector of the opposite electrical charge. Such devices are often called electrostatic precipitators."

It is also applied in painting cars. A negative electrode is connected to the paint nozzle and the surface of the car is given a positive charge. This makes the paint stick better and spread more evenly on the cars surface as the paint is attracted to the car.

Defibrillators are devices that are often the most efficient way to jump start the heart during cardiac arrest. Defibrillators use static electricity to do so and the voltage used can be modified depending on the patient. Defibrillators were invented in 1930 and have being used since.

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What is static electricity and how is it used?
Static electricity is an imbalance of electrical charges. When two objects rub against each other and encounter frictional contact, one may be prone to losing electrons, while the other might be prone to gaining electrons. When this static charge takes place, it's known as static electricity. The objects can revert to their neutral charge through a discharge (shock), which typically occurs near a conductor ("A material or an object that conducts heat, electricity, light, or sound"). Discharge can occur from different conductors: by heat (pyroelectric effect), by pressure (piezoelectric effect), by charge induction (electrostatic induction), and the most common way, by friction (triboelectric effect).

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What is static electricity?

According to the dictionary static electricity is “a stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction, which causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair.

How was is it created?

Materials are made from atoms that are usually electrically neutral as a result of they contain equal numbers of positive charges. The phenomenon of electricity needs a separation of positive and negative charges.

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What are uses of static electricity and how long has it been used this way?
The 4 main uses of static electricity is Air Fresheners, Painting Cars, Photocopiers, and Pollution Control.
Pollution Control: Static electricity is used in pollution control as it applies a static charge to dirt that collects those particles on a plate of the opposite electric charge. Painting Cars: When connecting the spray nozzle to the negative electrode (chemical decomposition of a cell toward where a positive charged particles are attracted. It could possibly charge each droplet of paint.
Air Fresheners: Static electricity is used in air fresheners as it alters the charges in the dust particles so they stick to a plate or filter that purifies the opposite charge the one with dust.
Photocopiers: Static electricity is used in photocopiers as when the paper moves, it gives a strong electric charge. When the paper moves toward the upper belt, the strong charge attracts the charged toner particles away from the belt.

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What is Static electricity?

A stationary electric charge, which causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair. (caused by friction, the description below)

How is static electricity created?

Static electricity is created by an electrical charge that builds up because of friction between two different objects. In other words, it's an act of rubbing something with another to produce an electrical energy which creates an electric discharge.

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Vaishali, Thea and Parashie: How do air freshness require static energy?

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Question 1 - What is static electricity and how is it created?

Static electricity occurs when there is an imbalance of charges on some kind of surface. It can be created at two times either when two surfaces meet or separate when this happens any one of the surfaces has to have high resistance to electric currents.

Static electricity is produced by the rubbing of two objects against each other. Each of these objects release electrons. Once these electrons are shuffled, the static charge builds up on the object. It is possible for the object to discharge as a shock when you touch the other object. In simple words, it is an imbalance of electrical charges.

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For Aarnav and Anaya, can the two objects that stick together have the same charge or do they have to be opposite (like positive and negative charge)?

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Response to Rohan, Shiv, and Shreeyas Question

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Response to Rohan, Shiv, and Shreeyas Question

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Question: How do air fresheners require static energy?
Air Fresheners also called air ionizers have a similar concept to that of pollution control. According to SfC,

"These devices [strip electrons from smoke molecules, dust particles, and pollen in the air, just as what happens in creating static electricity.

These charged dust and smoke particles are then attracted to and stick to a plate on the device with the opposite charge. After a while, much of the pollution is drawn from the air.

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Response to Rohan, Shiv, and Shreeyas Question

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Response to Rohan, Shiv, and Shreeyas Question

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Question: How do air

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Response to Rohan, Shiv, and Shreeyas Question

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Response to Rohan, Shiv, and Shreeyas Question

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What happens when two like charges are placed near each other?

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For Jay and Viyaan: What are different examples of static electricity (in day to day life)

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What is static electricity and how is it created?

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Answering Jay and Viyaans Question: Aarnav and Anya

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Answering Jay and Viyaans Question: Aarnav and Anya

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can the two objects that stick together have the same charge or do they have to be opposite (like positive and negative charge)?

No it have both a positive and negative charge and according to Britannica "electrons may move from one material to the other, which leaves an excess of positive charge on one material, and an equal negative charge on the other."

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How does one determine why and how certain objects lose or gain electrons when rubbed against a surface?

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Static electricity makes your hair to stand and can also damage electronics as well as cause sparks or crackling.  Although if it is controlled in the right way then it can be extremely helpful to modern life. Static electricity occurs because of the movement of electrons from one surface to another. According to explainthatstuff.com, “Just like the ancient Greeks, we tend to think static electricity comes from rubbing things. So if you live in a home with nylon carpets and metal doorknobs, you'll soon learn that your body builds up a static charge when you walk across the floor, which can discharge when you touch a doorknob, giving you a tiny electric shock.” A short summary is that static electricity is caused due to friction, static electricity occurs when your body builds up a static charge.

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In some cases is
static electricity harmful towards humans?

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Vaishali, Parashie, and Thea
Question: How is static electricity used in photocopiers?
Basically,  "One version of this device electrically charges ink so that it will stick to the paper in the designated areas. Another version of a photocopier uses charges to stick the ink to a drum, which then transfers it to the paper." (SfC)
I hope this helps!

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answered by Ria Dalal and Avika Chokhani

Two objects of like charge will repel each other, similar to a magnet. This means a positively charged object for instance, will exert a repulsive force on the other positively charged object, or negative for negative, pushing the two objects apart.

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Static electricity is used in pollution control by applying a static charge to dirt particles in the air and then collecting those charged particles on a plate or collector of the opposite electrical charge, it is also used to apply paint on cars, they apply a negative charge on the nozzle and the car has a positive charge, this helps keep the paint for longer.